Download or read book Design and Operation of a Solar heated Dry Kiln for Tropical Latitudes written by Omar Espinoza and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 14 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Design and Operation of a Solar heated Dry Kiln for Tropical Latitudes written by Brian H. Bond and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Lumber is usually dried to a specific moisture content prior to further manufacturing or use. While lumber can be air-dried, the ambient humidity in most localities prevents the lumber from reaching the moisture content necessary for dimensional stability and use, especially for interior use. Solar kilns are an inexpensive alternative to conventional steam-heated kilns, especially for small operations and communities. Solar-heated kilns have great potential in developing countries, especially in remote locations with little access to conventional energy sources. This publication describes the construction and operation of a solar kiln for lumber drying in tropical latitudes.
Download or read book FPL Design for Lumber Dry Kiln Using Solar wood Energy in Tropical Latitudes written by John L. Tschernitz and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page 20 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Developing countries with a timber resource that can be manufactured into finished products either for local use or export often lack the capital to build high-cost dry kilns. Many of these countries are in the tropics where solar radiation and ambient temperatures are high. The low-cost solar/wood energy lumber dry kiln described in this report was designed and tested by the Forest Products Laboratory (FPL) for such countries where solar dry kilns can be built and operated at low cost. The FPL design is for a 6,000-fbm capacity kiln having an insulated drying compartment, an external horizontal solar collector, and a furnace room containing a wood burner. Capacities larger or smaller than 6,000 fbm are also possible. This design allows collector and wood burner sizing to match the energy demands of the dryer. The design also incorporates low-cost controls that allow unattended drying when operated as a solar-only dryer. Manual firing is necessary when the wood-burning system is supplying the energy. This kiln design is the final, commercial-size version established after years of testing several 1,000-fbm capacity prototypes. In December 1984 a kiln of this design was built in Sri Lanka at a factory that manufactures furniture and laminated beams from rubber and coconut wood.
Download or read book Design and Operation of a Solar heated Dry Kiln for Tropical Latitudes written by Brian Bond and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 14 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Design for lumber dry kiln using solar wood energy in tropical latitudes written by John L. Tschernitz and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Solar Heated Lumber Dry Kiln Designs written by Eugene M. Wengert and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 108 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Improvements in Solar Dry Kiln Design written by Eugene M. Wengert and published by . This book was released on 1971 with total page 12 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Interest in solar drying of lumber has increased in recent years because previous results had indicated that: Drying times are shorter and final moisture contents are lower in solar drying than in air drying; much less lumber degrade occurs in solar drying when compared to air drying; and the cost of energy is less in solar drying than in kiln drying. Work in the field of solar drying has reached the point at which dryer designs are being modified or need to be modified to provide more efficient dryers. In order that these modifications can be made intelligently, it is necessary to identify the weak areas (such as excessive solar reflectance from the walls) in the present dryer designs. The objective of this study was to identify the major energy losses in the solar dryer at Colorado State University, and then to suggest various design changes, based on theoretical considerations, to reduce these losses to leave more energy for the primary task of drying wood.
Download or read book FPL Design for Lumber Dry Kiln Using Solar wood Energy in Tropical Latitudes written by John L. Tschernitz and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page 17 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Investment Opportunity written by George B. Harpole and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 8 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book FPL Forest Products Laboratory Design for Lumber Dry Kiln Using Solar Wood Energy in Tropical Latitudes written by J. L. Tschernitz and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page 20 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Developing countries with a timber resource that can be manufactured into finished products either for local use or export often lack the capital to build high-cost dry kilns. Many of these countries are in the tropics where solar radiation and ambient temperatures are high. The low-cost solar/wood energy lumber dry kiln described in this report was designed and tested by the Forest Products Laboratory (FPL) for such countries where solar dry kilns can be built and operated at low cost. The FPL design is for a 6,000-fbm capacity kiln having an insulated drying compartment, an external horizontal solar collector, and a furnace room containing a wood burner. Capacities larger or smaller than 6,000 fbm are also possible. This design allows collector and wood burner sizing to match the energy demands of the dryer. This kiln design is the final, commercial-size version established after years of testing several 1,000-fbm capacity prototypes. Keywords: Solar, solar drying, wood energy, dry kiln, tropics, dryer.
Download or read book Construction and Operation of Solar Kilns for Seasoning Timber in Bangladesh written by M. A. Sattar and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 28 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Solar Heated Timber Drying Kilns written by R. A. Plumptre and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 100 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Evaluating a Small Structural Insulated Panel SIP Designed Solar Kiln in Southwestern New Mexico written by Richard D. Bergman and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 22 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With increasing energy costs, using small dry kilns for drying lumber for small-volume value-added wood products has become more of an option when compared with conventional drying. Small solar kilns are one such option, and a number of solar kiln designs exist and are in use. However, questions remain about the design and operation of solar kilns, particularly during the colder months. The main objective of the present study was to evaluate a new solar kiln built using structural insulated panels (SIPs) and its operation in southwestern New Mexico. The study consisted of two solar kiln audits done during winter months for two consecutive years. In the first year, 1-in. ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa) random length lumber was kiln-dried from an average of 122% down to 7.7% final moisture content (MC) in 14 days. Drying time for ponderosa pine was consistent between this solar dryer and a dehumidification kiln of comparable size. In the second year, 1-in. pinyon pine (Pinus edulis) single-length lumber was dried from an average of 32.6% to 5.5% final MC in 56 days, a considerably slower drying process that could be at least partially explained by pinyon pine's wood anatomy and also by poor weather conditions and cooler temperatures. In addition, even with the SIP kiln designed to keep the heat gained during the day in the kiln at night, the solar kiln operated considerably worse during the winter months of year 2 when compared with a small dehumidification dry kiln. Recommendations for improving the kiln performance included installing two additional deck fans and setting the plenum space to the correct width to both improve and provide more uniform airflow. After implementing the suggested recommendations, further tests would be needed for drying pinyon pine. Additional runs would evaluate the capability of the solar SIP kiln to dry pinyon pine as well as it did for drying ponderosa pine. These runs would provide information on whether the anatomy of pinyon pine, the kiln structure, weather, or some combination caused the slow drying of pinyou pine in year 2.
Download or read book Solar Lumber Kilns written by and published by . This book was released on 1982 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A solar kiln and its advantages are described. Drying fundamentals, design factors, and economics are discussed. Three operating solar kilns are described.
Download or read book Operation and Cost of a Small Dehumidification Dry Kiln written by Richard D. Bergman and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 24 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Obtaining small quantities of custom kiln-dried lumber can be an expensive process for an individual woodworker. Building and operating a small kiln capable of drying custom cuts of lumber (such as slabs, bowl blanks) gives woodworkers another option. Our approach was to build and operate a small dehumidification dry kiln. The four charges of lumber ranged from 600 to 700 board feet (bf), and a woodworker with no dry-kiln experience operated the kiln. The first charge of mixed air-dried 4/4 hardwoods and softwoods was kiln-dried from 18.4% to 7.3% moisture content (MC) in 15 days with no casehardening. The second charge of 5/4 black cherry lumber was kiln-dried from 47.5% to 6.8% MC in 27 days with no casehardening, and the third charge of 4/4 northern red oak lumber was kiln-dried from 82.9% to 6.1% MC in 45 days and to 5.2% MC in 50 days with severe casehardening relieved by conditioning. A fourth charge of 300 bf 4/4 northern red oak, 200 bf of 4/4 shagbark hickory, and 100 bf of mixed 4/4 box elder and 4/4 black cherry was kiln-dried from 69.7% to 8.5% MC in 29 days with casehardening only in the northern red oak, and that was relieved by conditioning. We found that greater control of the dehumidifier operation earlier in the kiln schedule to maintain the safe drying rate would decrease the severity of casehardening when drying green northern red oak. New building materials, which are most of the initial cost, could be replaced by reused lumber. Drying small amounts of lumber using a dehumidification kiln is a suitable option for woodworkers even with limited knowledge of kilns.
Download or read book Forest Products from Latin America written by Robert R. Maeglin and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 124 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Renewable Resource Utilization for Development written by Robert P. Morgan and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2013-10-22 with total page 425 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Renewable Resource Utilization for Development is a six-chapter text that covers the United States initiatives in field of appropriate, light-capital technology for renewable resource utilization. These initiatives include steps, policies, and programs that the U.S. government might take, adopt, or support to aid developing countries in utilizing appropriate technology for renewable resources for the benefit of the poor majority. The first two chapters describe the technology, advances, design, and utilization of wind energy and biomass. The next chapter focuses on two applications of direct solar energy, namely, solar drying of crops and timber. Another chapter highlights the optimum processing and use of rice bran, which is an important postharvest and rural development problem for rice-growing developing countries. The final two chapters discuss the utilization of material and products based on agricultural wastes and natural fibers. These chapters also deal with the organizations and mechanisms for implementing the initiatives and with possible next steps to the U.S. initiatives. This book is of value to economists and environmental pollution control researchers.
