Download or read book Design and Implementation of a High bandwidth Switching Power Amplifier Using FPGA based Boundary Control written by Zhuang Zhang and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Power amplifiers are critical components for audio, grid simulator and Power Hardware-in-the-Loop (PHIL) applications with the requirement of low cost, high bandwidth and fast dynamics. This thesis proposed an innovative combination of a GaN-based inverter and boundary control implemented in an FPGA to realize a high-bandwidth switching power amplifier with high bandwidth-switching frequency ratios. The control strategy, implementation considerations and the experimental results are presented in this thesis. The influences of the non-ideal factors, including the limited bandwidth of the components and the limited resolution of the analog-to-digital converter when implementing boundary control in a system, have been discussed and analyzed. A proposed compensation method to mitigate the negative impact on the performance of the boundary control from the overall delay has been verified experimentally. This thesis has proposed an analytical method to estimate system bandwidth with boundary control based on the frequency response of the RLC circuit and the specification of the system. Experiment results have verified the proposed method. The Power Amplifier achieves a 30 kHz average switching frequency with the bandwidth of 7.1 kHz, the rated power of 1000 W, amplifier gain of 100 V/V and the power efficiency of 97.78%. The experimental results show that the system can track the step changes of the reference and the load in tens of microseconds.

Download or read book Linear and Switch Mode RF Power Amplifiers written by Abdullah Eroglu and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2017-09-06 with total page 400 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: RF power amplifiers are implemented in communication, semiconductor wafer processing, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and radar systems to produce RF signal with the desired characteristics to perform several critical tasks in the entire system. They can be designed to operate in linear or switch-mode, depending on the specific application. This book explores the design and implementation methods for both linear and switch-mode amplifiers with real world engineering problems. The text discusses phased controlled switch-mode amplifiers and distortion and modulation effects in RF amplifiers. It illustrates the interface and integration of components and sub-systems for RF amplifiers. The material is further reinforced with MATLAB design files.

Download or read book Bandwidth and Efficiency Enhancement in Radio Frequency Power Amplifiers for Wireless Transmitters written by Karun Rawat and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-03-05 with total page 390 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book focuses on broadband power amplifier design for wireless communication. Nonlinear model embedding is described as a powerful tool for designing broadband continuous Class-J and continuous class F power amplifiers. The authors also discuss various techniques for extending bandwidth of load modulation based power amplifiers, such as Doherty power amplifier and Chireix outphasing amplifiers. The book also covers recent trends on digital as well as analog techniques to enhance bandwidth and linearity in wireless transmitters. Presents latest trends in designing broadband power amplifiers; Covers latest techniques for using nonlinear model embedding in designing power amplifiers based on waveform engineering; Describes the latest techniques for extending bandwidth of load modulation based power amplifiers such as Doherty power amplifier and Chireix outphasing amplifiers; Includes coverage of hybrid analog/digital predistortion as wideband solution for wireless transmitters; Discusses recent trends on on-chip power amplifier design with GaN /GaAs MMICs for high frequency applications.

Download or read book Switch mode Power Amplifiers with Fast dynamic Characteristics for DC Source Emulation in Microgrid Testbeds written by Isuru Jayawardana and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recent development in microgrids (MGs) has led to rigorous testing of power electronic interface converters, ensuring their seamless integration into the power grid or used as an off-grid alternative. In photovoltaic (PV)-based MG testbeds, DC source emulators are established as a replacement for their real counterparts as they avoid the hassle of setting up bulky, expensive and uncontrollable testing environments. Meanwhile, DC source emulators based on switch-mode power amplifiers (PAs) have attracted a great deal of attention for their low cost, high efficiency and high power density over linear PA-based emulators on complete hardware testbeds or power hardware-in-the-loop (PHIL) simulations. However, switch-mode PA has much slower dynamic response time compared to linear PAs. It is essential to have a high-bandwidth PA in a DC source emulator, like a PV emulator, to replicate the actual dynamic source characteristics and test fast load converters and also in PHIL simulations for better accuracy and stability. This thesis develops fast-dynamic switch-mode PAs for DC source emulation through the application of non-linear boundary control (BC). Firstly, this research studies the shortcomings in second-order BC schemes for buck derived converters cascaded to capacitive loads and non-linear switching converters and proposes a BC with a corrected second-order switching surface for buck-derived PAs to overcome the loading capacitor effect. The proposed voltage-mode PA is applied to develop a fast-dynamic standalone PV emulator for testing boost-derived PV converters with fast MPPT algorithms. A novel instantaneous output impedance matching controller is introduced to generate a stable and fast convergent reference signal in PV emulators regardless of the operating region in the I-V curve. Secondly, this thesis proposes voltage-mode and current-mode switch-mode PA designs based on a synchronous buck converter with a two-stage LC filter to maintain the boundary-controlled PA performance under all types of non-linear switching loads. Results show that proposed PAs guarantee fast-dynamic characteristics without increasing switching frequency and maintain system performance under non-linear switching loads. The thesis also presents the comprehensive design and implementation of a PHIL-based PV emulator with the proposed current-mode PA. Moreover, PHIL testbeds that incorporate two source emulators are introduced to evaluate DC-coupled PV-battery energy storage system (BESS) converters and grid-connected electric vehicle (EV) battery chargers. Mathematical frameworks to describe small-signal dynamics and analyze the stability and accuracy of PHIL setups are presented in this thesis. All DC source emulator designs are validated via experimental prototypes, and results agree well with the theoretical studies.

Download or read book Design and Implementation of 60 GHz CMOS Power Amplifiers written by Payam Masoumi Farahabadi and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 164 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The availability of an unlicensed 7 GHz bandwidth around 60 GHz offers great potential for establishment of high-data-rate short-range wireless communication links. Although previously left unutilized, recent advances in electronics enable the development of wireless transceivers at millimeter-wave frequencies. Despite offering a large bandwidth, the high signal attenuation caused by oxygen absorption in 60 GHz band requires the wireless transmitters to transmit signals with power as large as 27 dBm, so the receivers can detect greatly attenuated signals. Therefore, the design of power amplifiers capable of generating such large output powers proves to be a major challenge in the development of 60 GHz wireless transceivers, especially if CMOS technology is chosen for implementation of fully integrated 60 GHz wireless systems. In this dissertation, we present new architectures for power combining transformers, as well as new circuit topologies to improve the performance of 60 GHz power amplifiers implemented in CMOS technology. Although CMOS offers a higher level of integration and lower fabrication cost compared to high-speed compound semiconductor technologies, low supply and breakdown voltages, as well as operation near cutoff frequencies of MOSFETs make the design of power amplifier extremely challenging. Optimization of the efficiency/power performance of CMOS power amplifiers operating at millimeter-wave frequencies requires novelty in the design of active/passive structures. An overview on the technological advances and the challenges in millimeter-wave CMOS power amplifiers is presented by comparing previously reported active/passive power combination techniques. A comprehensive analysis and modeling of the matching circuits and on-chip spiral transformers are developed in order to estimate the passive power efficiency of the coupling circuits and power combining transformers. A new area-efficient power-combining configuration is proposed to achieve a high output power per occupied area. A 60 GHz power amplifier is fabricated utilizing the new combining technique with a measured output power of 18.8 dBm. Second we propose a new circuit topology to enable the capability of dual-mode operation. Also, a new enhancement technique is utilized in order to improve the gain-bandwidth product of cascode gain stages. Fabricated in 65 nm technology, the 60 GHz power amplifier could achieve measured maximum power added efficiency of 17.2% while delivering 18.1 dBm output power. Finally, we explore the utilization of a new dual-mode technique in a distributed active transformer power amplifier. A new power amplifier circuit topology and a new DAT layout technique is proposed in order to improve the power added efficiency and output power simultaneously. Fabricated in 65nm CMOS technology, the maximum measured gain of the 60 GHz power amplifier is 22 dB within a wide 3dB bandwidth of 14 GHz. A maximum saturated output power of 19.7 dBm is measured in high-power mode while a high power added efficiency of 25% is achieved.

Download or read book An Investigation of Series and Parallel Configurations for Hybrid Power Amplifiers written by Luccas Matiuzzi Kunzler and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Power Hardware-in-the-Loop (PHIL) is becoming increasingly popular for compartmentalized testing of electric power equipment in several areas such as in electric drive systems and distributed power generation systems. The fundamental idea of PHIL is to create flexible conditions for Devices under Test (DUT) to be properly assessed in real time and dynamic conditions with their rated power levels. Connected to the DUT is the Power Amplifier (PA), which is responsible for increasing the voltage and current levels, given from the Real-Time Simulator (RTS). The DUT is a physical equipment and high-complexity models are used to control the PAs to emulate necessary conditions for the DUT to be evaluated. One of the main benefits of PHIL is that it can provide a platform for conducting a number of severe tests without risking damaging the equipment that is being emulated, while testing the actual response of the DUT. It can also help with the preliminary design and performance assessment of new types of machines, drivers and controllers, thus significantly reducing the time to market of new equipment. The flexibility of PHIL is also one of its main assets, since the combination of the RTS and the PA can be used for various applications only by changing the model and/or parameters of the emulated element. This thesis will evaluate the main architectures, control strategies and PHIL applications of PAs. Linear Power Amplifiers (LPA) provide an overall great performance due to its high bandwidth but are expensive, mostly at increased power ratings. For high PAs with fast dynamic response and reduced waveform distortion, the Hybrid Power Amplifier (HPA) configuration provides a good cost-performance compromise. HPAs are built essentially with the association of a low-cost Switch Mode Power Amplifier (SMPA) and an LPA. The first configuration to be investigated is the series connected HPA intended for high voltage systems. The SMPA consists of a Cascaded H-Bridge Multilevel (CHBM) converter for increased modularity. A single-pulse per H-bridge modulation technique called Nearest Level of Control (NLC) is used for minimizing the switching losses. However, this leads to unbalanced power consumption by the H-bridges when the SMPA provides relatively low output voltages, thus compromising the reliability and power quality of the SMPA. A new modulation technique called Split-Voltage Fist-In First-Out (SV-FIFO) that mitigates this issue is proposed. Its implementation requires the use of a supplemental, but simple, control loop based on the magnitude and frequency of the reference output voltage. Experimental results are presented to validate the design approach and demonstrate the high performance achieved with SV-FIFO. The parallel connected HPA is also evaluated in this thesis. In a similar way to the series connected HPA, the LPA provides high bandwidth (BW) and active power filtering while the bulk of the power is provided by the SMPA. The SMPA is realized with a three-phase Voltage Source Converter (VSC) and three single-phase LPAs. The contribution relies on proposing a new topology and current control strategy that aims to reduce the size of the required LPA, which is costly. This is achieved by using the reference current of the HPA for the current control loop of the LPA, and the actual HPA current as the reference for the SMPA current loop. By making the bandwidth of the current loop of the LPA higher than that the SMPA one, the first provides the fast transient components and harmonic filtering while the second, the bulk of the HPA current. Additionally, this thesis also covers the evaluation of techniques for Amplitude, Phase Angle and Frequency (APAF) detection for single-phase systems. Amplitude, phase and frequency detection is a key feature for the control of the series HPA, but it is also useful for other important applications, such as the synchronization of renewable sources to Alternate Current (AC) grids, which is a largely growing practice. APAF for single-phase systems are more challenging since they require additional and more complex techniques to determine the phase angle. Usually, both single and three-phase systems are designed for a single and known frequency, usually the grid's frequency. However, a wider range of frequencies is necessary for other applications such as HPAs. This thesis will examine two proposed techniques for APAF. The first is based on the combination of the integral and derivative actions and the second is based on the modification of a zero-crossing detection system. Both systems are discussed in detail and validated experimentally.

Download or read book Design of High Power Wideband Microwave Frequency Class F Power Amplifiers Using AlGaN GaN HEMTs written by Jeffrey Lee Tan and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This thesis presents the theory, design, and implementation of two high power (>10 W) RF power amplifiers operating in the S-band (2 to 4 GHz) and employing the Class F mode of efficiency enhancement. The amplifiers are based around gallium nitride (GaN) high electron mobility transistors (HEMTs) which provide the high power capability. A complex wideband design using synthesized low-pass transforming filters as large-bandwidth matching networks is presented, followed by a more elegant narrowband design employing simple stub matching networks for impedance matching and harmonic control. Also presented in this thesis is a detailed study into the computer modeling of the GaN HEMT devices in order to accurately predict their behavior when integrated into a system. A complete small-signal circuit model is developed which is capable of predicting the scattering parameters of the devices with a high degree of accuracy to the measured behavior. Large-signal device models of increasing complexity are studied to investigate fundamental behaviors of field-effect transistors for which HEMTs are a subset. Finally, the manufacturer design kit’s computer model is investigated and verified for accuracy with the measured results.An overview of power amplifier design and classes of operation is given, and specifically Class F theory and implementation are analyzed. The efficiency enhancement by waveform shaping is studied, as well as the mechanism of waveform shaping via harmonic manipulation. Once fabricated and tested, the wideband design is shown to achieve at least 38.8 dBm output power between 2.2 to 3.3 GHz centered around 2.75 GHz, giving a fractional bandwidth of 40%. Over that range, the PA is able to sustain PAE > 40%, with a peak efficiency of 61%. The narrowband design achieves an output power at its center frequency of 3 GHz of 41.48 dBm, or ~14 W, with the PAE achieving a maximum of approximately 66%.

Download or read book Design and Implementation of Low Power Multistage Amplifiers and High Frequency Distributed Amplifiers written by Chinmaya Mishra and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The advancement in integrated circuit (IC) technology has resulted in scaling down of device sizes and supply voltages without proportionally scaling down the threshold voltage of the MOS transistor. This, coupled with the increasing demand for low power, portable, battery-operated electronic devices, like mobile phones, and laptops provides the impetus for further research towards achieving higher integration on chip and low power consumption. High gain, wide bandwidth amplifiers driving large capacitive loads serve as error amplifiers in low-voltage low drop out regulators in portable devices. This demands low power, low area, and frequency-compensated multistage amplifiers capable of driving large capacitive loads. The first part of the research proposes two power and area efficient frequency compensation schemes: Single Miller Capacitor Compensation (SMC) and Single Miller Capacitor Feedforward Compensation (SMFFC), for multistage amplifiers driving large capacitive loads. The designs have been implemented in a 0.5 [mu]m CMOS process. Experimental results show that the SMC and SMFFC amplifiers achieve gain-bandwidth products of 4.6MHz and 9MHz, respectively, when driving a load of 25K[Omega]/120pF. Each amplifier operates from a "1V supply, dissipates less than 0.42mW of power and occupies less than 0.02mm2 of silicon area. The inception of the latest IEEE standard like IEEE 802.16 wireless metropolitan area network (WMAN) for 10 -66 GHz range demands wide band amplifiers operating at high frequencies to serve as front-end circuits (e.g. low noise amplifier) in such receiver architectures. Devices used in cascade (multistage amplifiers) can be used to increase the gain but it is achieved at an expense of bandwidth. Distributing the capacitance associated with the input and the output of the device over a ladder structure (which is periodic), rather than considering it to be lumped can achieve an extension of bandwidth without sacrificing gain. This concept which is also known as distributed amplification has been explored in the second part of the research. This work proposes certain guidelines for the design of distributed low noise amplifiers operating at very high frequencies. Noise analysis of the distributed amplifier with real transmission lines is introduced. The analysis for gain and noise figure is verified with simulation results from a 5-stage distributed amplifier implemented in a 0.18[mu]m CMOS process.

Download or read book Push pull Based High Efficiency and High Power Broadband Power Amplifiers for Wireless Base Stations written by Ayman Jundi and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 109 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The monthly data throughput by 2021 is forecasted to be ten times that of December 2015. As a result of the on going dramatic increase in demand, service providers are assigned new frequency bands to accommodate more channels to carry more data. However, the usable part of the spectrum is a limited resource so modern communication signals were designed to be more spectrally efficient to send more bits over the same channel bandwidth. However, these spectrally efficient signals have high PAPR. The immediate reaction to these changes was to add additional RF front-end branches to accommodate the new frequency bands. Initially, the PAs used at the time were not optimized for back-off efficiency and where operating at low efficiency which caused significant increase in heat generation for the same average power produced which in turn increased cooling costs and reduced the life time of the PA. After the introduction of back-off efficiency enhancement techniques the PAs became more efficient however they were limited in bandwidth which is typically 10-15%. This work focuses on reducing the redundancy of power amplifiers in communication base stations while maintaining high back-off efficiency. After exploring the literature to understand the limitations of current implementations, it was found that the push-pull topology is often used at low frequency in broadband high power PAs. In the absence of a complimentary transistor pairs the push-pull implantation requires the use of balanced to unbalanced (balun) transformers. Various balun implantations were hence investigated to identify the most suitable option for broadband planar implementation. As a result, a methodology was proposed to co-design the balun and the matching network in order to have better control over the harmonic impedance. An 85 W push-pull PA was then designed based on the proposed methodology with a multi-octave bandwidth as a demonstration of the broadband potential of push-pull PAs at RF frequencies. Next, the two most popular techniques for back-off efficiency enhancement, i.e., ET and load modulation, were studied and the principle of load modulation was found to be more suitable for broadband signal transmission. The Doherty architecture is the most common implementation of load modulation and it comes in two basic variations, the PCL and SCL DPAs. The original architecture concepts are not only band limited but also ill-suited for high frequency designs where the transistors' parasitics introduce significant effect. However, later literature expanded on the original concept of the PCL variation which provided the needed flexibility for wider bandwidth implementations at a higher frequency. Using the broadband implementation and the co-design methodology two push-pull amplifiers were used in a PCL DPA topology and demonstrated that the push-pull utilization doesn't have a significant impact on the bandwidth of the output combiner as an octave bandwidth was achieved with the use of digital Doherty. Lastly, the thesis proposes a new approach for designing high power DPAs with extended bandwidth. It starts with a generic SCL DPA architecture to derive the equations that relate its underlying combiner's ABCD parameters to the transistor's optimum impedance and load impedance. These equations featured the possibility of significantly increasing the load impedance in SCL DPA compared to the one of the popular PCL DPA architecture. This is particularly beneficial when targeting very high power DPAs for macro-cell base stations and broadcast applications where very low load impedance can seriously complicate the design and limit the achievable bandwidth. To further maximize the load impedance increase, the proposed SCL DPA uses a push-pull topology for the main and peaking amplifier stages. A low-loss planar balanced to unbalanced transformer (balun) combiner network is then utilized to realize the SCL DPA combining. The proposed approach was finally applied to design a proof-of-concept 350 W SCL DPA which operates over the band spanning from 720 to 980 MHz. The prototype demonstrated a peak output power of about 55 dBm over a 30% FBW with a 6 dB back-off efficiency, measured using pulsed signal, between 46.6% and 54.6%. Furthermore, the modulated signal based measurement results confirmed the linearizability of the SCL DPA prototype while maintaining a back-off efficiency over 50% for a 7.1 dB peak to average power ratio signal.

Download or read book Design and Implementation of an Envelope Tracking Power Amplifier Using Switched Amplifiers and Slow Envelopes written by Pedro Pablo Vizarreta Paz and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Broadband Power Amplifier Design with High Power High Efficiency and Large Back off Range written by Yuchen Cao and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As modern communication system technology develops, the demand for devices with smaller size, higher efficiency, and larger bandwidth has increased dramatically. To achieve this purpose, a novel architecture of load modulated balanced amplifier (LMBA) with a unique load-modulation characteristic different from any existing LMBAs and Doherty power amplifiers (DPAs) was presented, which is named as Pseudo-Doherty LMBA (PD-LMBA). Based on a special combination of control amplifier (carrier) and balanced amplifier (peaking) together with proper phase and amplitude controls, an optimal load-modulation behavior can be achieved for PD-LMBA leading to maximized efficiency over extended power back-off range. More importantly, the efficiency optimization can be achieved with only a static setting of phase offset at a given frequency, which greatly simplifies the complexity for phase control. Furthermore, the co-operations of the carrier and peaking amplifiers in PD-LMBA are fully de-coupled, thus lifting the fundamental bandwidth barrier imposed on Doherty-based active load modulation.

Download or read book Electrical Electronics Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 1948 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book International Aerospace Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 980 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Science Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 1874 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book FPGA Architecture written by Ian Kuon and published by Now Publishers Inc. This book was released on 2008 with total page 134 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Reviews the historical development of programmable logic devices, the fundamental programming technologies that the programmability is built on, and then describes the basic understandings gleaned from research on architectures. It is an invaluable reference for engineers and computer scientists.

Download or read book Principles of Asynchronous Circuit Design written by Jens Sparsø and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-04-17 with total page 348 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Principles of Asynchronous Circuit Design - A Systems Perspective addresses the need for an introductory text on asynchronous circuit design. Part I is an 8-chapter tutorial which addresses the most important issues for the beginner, including how to think about asynchronous systems. Part II is a 4-chapter introduction to Balsa, a freely-available synthesis system for asynchronous circuits which will enable the reader to get hands-on experience of designing high-level asynchronous systems. Part III offers a number of examples of state-of-the-art asynchronous systems to illustrate what can be built using asynchronous techniques. The examples range from a complete commercial smart card chip to complex microprocessors. The objective in writing this book has been to enable industrial designers with a background in conventional (clocked) design to be able to understand asynchronous design sufficiently to assess what it has to offer and whether it might be advantageous in their next design task.

Download or read book Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 704 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: