Download or read book Design and Analysis of the Operation of a Radiation Detector written by Mary L. Harbold and published by . This book was released on 1957 with total page 204 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Radiation Detection written by Douglas McGregor and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2020-08-19 with total page 1286 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Radiation Detection: Concepts, Methods, and Devices provides a modern overview of radiation detection devices and radiation measurement methods. The book topics have been selected on the basis of the authors’ many years of experience designing radiation detectors and teaching radiation detection and measurement in a classroom environment. This book is designed to give the reader more than a glimpse at radiation detection devices and a few packaged equations. Rather it seeks to provide an understanding that allows the reader to choose the appropriate detection technology for a particular application, to design detectors, and to competently perform radiation measurements. The authors describe assumptions used to derive frequently encountered equations used in radiation detection and measurement, thereby providing insight when and when not to apply the many approaches used in different aspects of radiation detection. Detailed in many of the chapters are specific aspects of radiation detectors, including comprehensive reviews of the historical development and current state of each topic. Such a review necessarily entails citations to many of the important discoveries, providing a resource to find quickly additional and more detailed information. This book generally has five main themes: Physics and Electrostatics needed to Design Radiation Detectors Properties and Design of Common Radiation Detectors Description and Modeling of the Different Types of Radiation Detectors Radiation Measurements and Subsequent Analysis Introductory Electronics Used for Radiation Detectors Topics covered include atomic and nuclear physics, radiation interactions, sources of radiation, and background radiation. Detector operation is addressed with chapters on radiation counting statistics, radiation source and detector effects, electrostatics for signal generation, solid-state and semiconductor physics, background radiations, and radiation counting and spectroscopy. Detectors for gamma-rays, charged-particles, and neutrons are detailed in chapters on gas-filled, scintillator, semiconductor, thermoluminescence and optically stimulated luminescence, photographic film, and a variety of other detection devices.

Download or read book Radiation Sensing written by Kelum A. A. Gamage and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2021-09-06 with total page 157 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Radiation detection is important in many fields, and it poses significant challenges for instrument designers. Radiation detection instruments, particularly for nuclear decommissioning and security applications, are required to operate in unknown environments and should detect and characterise radiation fields in real time. This book covers both theory and practice, and it solicits recent advances in radiation detection, with a particular focus on radiation detection instrument design, real-time data processing, radiation simulation and experimental work, robot design, control systems, task planning and radiation shielding.

Download or read book Advanced Ionization Chambers for Radiation Detection written by Scott Kiff and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 184 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Radiation detection technology has international attention for its importance in solving issues such as nuclear proliferation, homeland security, and studying physics from the grand scale of the cosmos to the diminutive world of subatomic particles. The last decade has produced myriad exciting developments in materials, designs, and data processing. This book examines performance enhancements in ionization chambers for radiation detection applications, suggesting advanced designs to provide new capabilities. High-pressure xenon ionization chambers are the focus of this work, although the techniques discussed are applicable to a broad range of radiation detectors. A new electrode design is proposed, and the reader is walked through an optimization study, position-sensing methodology, and detailed techniques to understand performance limitations and potential improvements. This book will be of interest to expert scientists and engineers as a presentation of novel techniques, but the content is also valuable as a step-by-step guide for newcomers to the field of radiation detection interested in learning how to design, optimize, and characterize detectors.

Download or read book Active Interrogation in Nuclear Security written by Igor Jovanovic and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-06-07 with total page 366 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume constitutes the state-of-the-art in active interrogation, widely recognized as indispensable methods for addressing current and future nuclear security needs. Written by a leading group of science and technology experts, this comprehensive reference presents technologies and systems in the context of the fundamental physics challenges and practical requirements. It compares the features, limitations, technologies, and impact of passive and active measurement techniques; describes radiation sources for active interrogation including electron and ion accelerators, intense lasers, and radioisotope-based sources; and it describes radiation detectors used for active interrogation. Entire chapters are devoted to data acquisition and processing systems, modeling and simulation, data interpretation and algorithms, and a survey of working active measurement systems. Active Interrogation in Nuclear Security is structured to appeal to a range of audiences, including graduate students, active researchers in the field, and policy analysts. The first book devoted entirely to active interrogation Presents a focused review of the relevant physics Surveys available technology Analyzes scientific and technology trends Provides historical and policy context Igor Jovanovic is a Professor of Nuclear Engineering and Radiological Sciences at the University of Michigan and has previously also taught at Penn State University and Purdue University. He received his Ph.D. from University of California, Berkeley and worked as physicist at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory. Dr. Jovanovic has made numerous contributions to the science and technology of radiation detection, as well as the radiation sources for use in active interrogation in nuclear security. He has taught numerous undergraduate and graduate courses in areas that include radiation detection, nuclear physics, and nuclear security. At University of Michigan Dr. Jovanovic is the director of Neutron Science Laboratory and is also associated with the Center for Ultrafast Optical Science. Anna Erickson is an Assistant Professor in the Nuclear and Radiological Engineering Program of the G.W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering at Georgia Institute of Technology. Previously, she was a postdoctoral researcher in the Advanced Detectors Group at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory. Dr. Erickson received her PhD from Massachusetts Institute of Technology with a focus on radiation detection for active interrogation applications. Her research interests focus on nuclear non-proliferation including antineutrino analysis and non-traditional detector design and characterization. She teaches courses in advanced experimental detection for reactor and nuclear nonproliferation applications, radiation dosimetry and fast reactor analysis.

Download or read book Introduction to Nuclear Radiation Detectors written by P. Ouseph and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 201 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: There have been many interesting developments in the field of nuclear radiation detectors, especially in those using semiconduct ing materials. The purpose of this book is to present a survey of the developments in semiconductor detectors along with discus sions about gas counters and scintillation counters. These discus sions are directed to detector users, usually scientists and technicians in different fields such as chemistry, geology, bio chemistry, and medicine. The operation of these detectors is discussed in terms of basic properties, such as efficiency, energy resolution, and resolving time, which are defmed in the first chapter. Differences among these detectors in terms of these properties are pointed out. Chapter 2, on interaction of radiations with matter, discusses how different radiations lose energies in matter and how differences in their behavior in matter affect the design and operation of detectors. Although emphasis is placed on fundamentals throughout the book, the reader is also made aware of the new developments in the field of radiation quite often detection. The author has taught a course in radioisotopes for several years for science, engineering, medical, and dental students. The emphasis on topics varied from time to time to satisfy the varying interests of the students. However, the contents of this book formed the core of the course. About ten selected experiments on detectors were done along with this course (a list of these vii Preface viii experiments may be supplied on request).

Download or read book Design Operation and Selection Criteria for XE Calorimetric Nuclear Radiation Detectors written by and published by . This book was released on 1967 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Measurement and Detection of Radiation written by Nicholas Tsoulfanidis and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2021-09-15 with total page 642 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As useful to students and nuclear professionals as its popular predecessors, this fifth edition provides the most up-to-date and accessible introduction to radiation detector materials, systems, and applications. There have been many advances in the field of radiation detection, most notably in practical applications. Incorporating these important developments, Measurement and Detection of Radiation, Fifth Edition provides the most up-to-date and accessible introduction to radiation detector materials, systems, and applications. It also includes more problems and updated references and bibliographies, and step-by-step derivations and numerous examples illustrate key concepts. New to the Fifth Edition: • Expanded chapters on semiconductor detectors, data analysis methods, health physics fundamentals, and nuclear forensics. • Updated references and bibliographies. • New and expanded problems.

Download or read book Radiation Shielding written by United States. Office of Civil Defense and published by . This book was released on 1966 with total page 914 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Physics and Engineering of Radiation Detection written by Syed Naeem Ahmed and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2007-04-12 with total page 789 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Physics and Engineering of Radiation Detection presents an overview of the physics of radiation detection and its applications. It covers the origins and properties of different kinds of ionizing radiation, their detection and measurement, and the procedures used to protect people and the environment from their potentially harmful effects. It details the experimental techniques and instrumentation used in different detection systems in a very practical way without sacrificing the physics content. It provides useful formulae and explains methodologies to solve problems related to radiation measurements. With abundance of worked-out examples and end-of-chapter problems, this book enables the reader to understand the underlying physical principles and their applications. Detailed discussions on different detection media, such as gases, liquids, liquefied gases, semiconductors, and scintillators make this book an excellent source of information for students as well as professionals working in related fields. Chapters on statistics, data analysis techniques, software for data analysis, and data acquisition systems provide the reader with necessary skills to design and build practical systems and perform data analysis. - Covers the modern techniques involved in detection and measurement of radiation and the underlying physical principles - Illustrates theoretical and practical details with an abundance of practical, worked-out examples - Provides practice problems at the end of each chapter

Download or read book Radiation Shielding written by William R. Kimel and published by . This book was released on 1966 with total page 896 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This set of volumes was prepared in connection with the 1962, 1963, and 1965 Kansas State University-Office of Civil Defense, Summer Institutes on Fundamental Radiation Shielding Problems as applied to Nuclear Defense Planning.

Download or read book An Advanced Microstructured Semiconductor Radiation Detector for Neutron Imaging and Oil Well Logging written by Sanchit Sharma and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The work presented in this dissertation will serve as an essential tool for modern nuclear engineers to perform radiation transport with import of complex computer aided design (CAD) models efficiently. Performing radiation transport with complex CAD geometries and obtaining accurate detector response functions has been a major challenge. For micro-structured semiconductor detectors, results obtained from radiation transport alone are not enough to provide a clear picture of expected performance. Hence, the work presented in this dissertation is divided into two major research areas (RAs). RA 1 describes methods for sensor response modelling with hybrid Geant4 geometries consisting of both conventional C++ based models and complex CAD based models in a single simulation. This RA will address the methods developed for radiation transport models and benchmarking experimental detector responses. Additionally, this RA will further discuss how these models were later utilized for finalizing design parameters of a semiconductor radiation detection system (Timepix3 coupled with Dual-Sided Microstructured Semiconductor Neutron Detector). Multiple bugs were identified in Geant4 source code as a result of the work presented in RA 1. RA 2 of this dissertation will provide detailed analysis of the existing boundary conditions of the DS-MSND and MSND detectors. Finite Element Analysis based semiconductor physics modeling was performed to investigate various parameters of the Si-SiO2 interface. The radiation transport models were developed for simulating the Kansas State University Materials Interrogation (KSUMI) test facility that was set up to enable bulk-material irradiation experiments that replicate similar oil-well logging scenarios. These experiments were conducted with an aim to address the problem of replacement of conventional radioisotope sources commonly used in oil-well logging industries. An exploration tool similar to an oil-well logging tool was used to conduct experiments with water and sand as testing materials. The facility includes a 2500-gallon concrete test chamber to be filled with testing material with an aluminum pipe going horizontally through it, permitting placement of a neutron source and radiation sensors. A machine-based 14.1 MeV deuterium-tritium neutron source was used to irradiate the 2500-gallon testing material. Experiments were performed with tap water and sand as bulk testing materials. Irradiation was performed for one hour and results were obtained from a BF3/3He neutron sensor, a BF3 neutron sensor, and two NaI gamma sensors placed at different locations within the exploration tool. Geant4, a Monte-Carlo based toolkit, was deployed on a high-performance computing system to simulate the entire experiment in order to benchmark the experimental responses obtained from the photon and neutron sensors. The facility was modeled in detail with accurate dimensions and material compositions. Materials such as tap water, high-density polyethylene, and aluminum metal were modeled with thermal neutron scattering cross-sections. The reference physics list QGSP_BIC_HP along with G4NDL and S([alpha],[beta]) cross-sections were found to be appropriate for simulation of neutron interrogation experiments with neutron energies lower than 20 MeV. The experimental results obtained were successful in characterizing the bulk testing materials, and results obtained from Geant4 were found to be in good agreement with the experimental results in most cases. The source code developed for the above method was then utilized to design the physical parameters for an X-DS-MSND system. These detectors have the benefit of doubling neutron detection efficiency as compared to single-sided devices (X-MSND) by staggering 6LiF-filled trenches between the top and bottom surface of a silicon diode. This produces a more complex electric field distribution and depletion characteristics in the diode and creates an indirect path for signal carrier transport between device electrodes. Geant4 was extensively utilized for radiation transport and interaction modeling, and Allpix Squared was used for mobile charge carrier transport and total charge collection. The results of this simulation work provided an estimate of charge cluster shape and intensity for a pixel array configuration corresponding to Timepix3 read-out system. In addition, imaging performance for transmission radiography was demonstrated with a simple two-dimensional shape in a Gaussian beam of thermal neutrons. The simulated neutron detection efficiency was 57.6%. It was discovered that the Allpix Squared is not optimal for simulation of complex boundary conditions and charge carrier transport inside the DS-MSND. To understand the behavior of charge carriers in the presence of a complex electric field and boundary conditions, a simpler non-conformally doped MSND geometry was fabricated and analyzed. This sensor geometry produced a complex electric field distribution and depletion characteristics within the diode. The fixed oxide charge present at the trench walls and its effects on the depletion characteristics and electric field were analyzed. The capacitance-voltage and current-voltage curve characterizations were performed for these prototypes and compared with the COMSOL Multiphysics simulations. An 241Am alpha particle source was further utilized to perform spectral analysis. Geant4 was utilized for radiation transport, interaction modeling, and benchmarking the spectral data. The results of this simulation work provided a reasonable confidence in capability to obtain and benchmark electric fields and spectral data for complex micro-structured semiconductor radiation detectors. Further, COMSOL Multiphysics was used to account for time-dependent charge carrier motion and detector response for these boundary conditions. As a result of work presented in RA 1 and RA 2, important features in the MSND/DS-MSND geometry were discovered that could significantly impact the device's performance. These features were incorporated in the updated Monte-Carlo model of the DS-MSND sensor. Simulated response of the updated DS-MSND sensor as a replacement of BF3/3He was then analyzed for the oil-well logging irradiation environment using Geant4 simulations. The results obtained from these simulations establish DS-MSND as a strong contender for replacing BF3/3He sensors for oil well logging experiments.

Download or read book Radiation Detection Systems written by Jan Iwanczyk and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2021-12-03 with total page 653 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The advances in semiconductor detectors, scintillators, photodetectors such as SiPM, and readout electronics in the past decades have led to significant progress in terms of performance and greater choice of the detection tools in many applications. This second edition of Radiation Detection Systems presents the state-of-the-art in the design of detectors and integrated circuit design, in the context of medical imaging using ionizing radiation. The material in the book has been divided into two volumes. The first volume on Sensor Materials, Systems, Technology and Characterization Measurements puts more emphasis on sensor materials, detector and front electronics technology and designs as well as system optimization for different applications. It also includes characterization measurements of the developed detection systems. The second volume on Medical Imaging, Industrial Testing and Security Applications is devoted to more specific applications of detection systems in medical imaging, industrial testing and security applications. However, there is an unavoidable certain overlap in topics between both volumes. With its combined coverage of new materials and innovative new system approaches, as well as a succinct overview of recent developments, this two volumes set is an invaluable tool for any engineer, professional, or student working in electronics or an associated field.

Download or read book Semiconductor Radiation Detection Systems written by Krzysztof Iniewski and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2018-10-03 with total page 400 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Semiconductor Radiation Detection Systems addresses the state-of-the-art in the design of semiconductor detectors and integrated circuit design, in the context of medical imaging using ionizing radiation. It addresses exciting new opportunities in X-ray detection, Computer Tomography (CT), bone dosimetry, and nuclear medicine (PET, SPECT). In addition to medical imaging, the book explores other applications of semiconductor radiation detection systems in security applications such as luggage scanning, dirty bomb detection, and border control. Features a chapter written by well-known Gamma-Ray Imaging authority Tadayuki Takahashi Assembled by a combination of top industrial experts and academic professors, this book is more than just a product manual. It is practical enough to provide a solid explanation of presented technologies, incorporating material that offers an optimal balance of scientific and academic theory. With less of a focus on math and physical details, the author concentrates more on exploring exactly how technologies are being used. With its combined coverage of new materials and innovative new system approaches, as well as a succinct overview of recent developments, this book is an invaluable tool for any engineer, professional, or student working in electronics or an associated field.

Download or read book Radiation Detection and Measurement written by Glenn F. Knoll and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 754 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This new edition of the methods and instrumentation used in the detection of ionizing radiation has been revised and updated to reflect recent advances. It covers modern engineering practice, provides useful design information and contains an up-to-date review of the literature.

Download or read book Handbook on Radiation Probing Gauging Imaging and Analysis written by E.M. Hussein and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2006-05-05 with total page 515 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The need for this book arose from my teaching, engineering, and - search experience in the non-power aspects of nuclear technology. The lack of a comprehensive textbook in industrial applications of radiation frustrated my students, who had to resort to a multitude of textbooks and research publications to familiarize themselves with the fundam- tal and practical aspects of radiation technology. As an engineer, I had to acquire the design aspects of radiation devices by trial-and-error, and often by accidental reading of a precious publication. As a researcher and a supervisor of graduate students, I found that the needed literature was either hard to find, or too scattered and diverse. More than once, I discovered that what appeared to be an exciting new idea was an old concept that was tried a few decades earlier during the golden era of “Atom for Peace”. I am hoping, therefore, that this book will serve as a single comprehensive reference source in a growing field that I expect will continue to expand. This book is directed to both neophytes and experts, and is written to combine the old and the new, the basic and the advanced, the simple and the complex. It is anticipated that this book will be of help in - viving older concepts, improving and expanding existing techniques and promoting the development of new ones.

Download or read book Design Development and Characterization of a Hand held Radiation Detector for Radio guided Surgery written by Muhammed Emin Bedir and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Surgery to remove breast cancer is performed almost 1,000 times a day in the United States. The current state-of-the-art surgery uses radioactive sources to indicate the center of the tumor and possibly a few points on the periphery as seen on mammography. Since such guidance is very coarse, tumor free margin is not achievable and a re-excision procedure is usually required. This approach provides no information about the margins of the tumor. Better radiation guidance could come from labeling all cancer cells directly with a breast tumor-seeking agent, such as CLR1404. The agent CLR1404 is taken up by breast cancer cells but not normal cells, labeled with radioactive 123I could image the whole tumor not just points. 99mTc labelled nanoparticles locate sentinel lymph nodes. For the simultaneous detection and identification of photon energies 159 keV from 123I and 141 keV from 99mTc, a radiation detector with high energy resolution, fine spatial resolution and sufficient sensitivity is required. This study involves the design, development, and characterization of such a handheld radiation detector. Following the design and integration of the detector, the main characteristics of the detector, such as energy resolution, photopeak efficiency and response at different source-to-detector distances were investigated experimentally. Energy resolution of the detector was found to be less than 10 keV (FWHM) at energies below 159 keV, which allowed resolving the radiation from the two radionuclides. Energy spectra of the radioactive sources acquired experimentally were compared to those simulated in Monte Carlo N-Particle Transport Code (MCNP6/X) and good agreement was observed between two curves. The study is also targeted to give a contribution to the better localization of the SLNs and tumors by designing an optimum collimation geometry for the detector. Based on the simulations and experimental results, it was found out that by having a spatial resolution of 4.28[plus or minus]0.40 mm and sensitivity of 188.61[plus or minus]1.41 cps/MBq at 5cm source-to-detector distance, the collimated detector could meet the necessities of locating the deeply-seated SLNs that requires a detector with fine spatial resolution and adequate sensitivity. In overall; the detector was found to be promising for radio-guided surgery applications.