Download or read book Design and Analysis of Continuous High Recovery RO Systems for Nitrate Removal in Disadvantaged Remote Communities written by Abdullah B. Aleidan and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 164 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nitrate contamination of groundwater sources is a prominent issue in remote small communities that are residing in proximity of agricultural activities. Nitrate exposure through potable water consumption poses multiple human health risks and thus impaired community groundwater sources must be treated to ensure the availability of safe drinking water. In this regard, reverse osmosis (RO) water treatment can be integrated into existing community small water systems for effective nitrate removal and salinity reduction. RO membrane treatment offers a broad range of protection against multiple different contaminants, but high recovery operation is essential in order to reduce the challenge of managing the discharge from RO treatment. Accordingly, the present research provides a detailed investigation of the technical feasibility of high recovery RO treatment utilizing steady state RO with partial concentrate recycle. Through extensive process simulations, and based on water use patterns in three small communities in the California Salinas Valley, it was concluded that nitrate removal can be achieved to produce treated water at a nitrate level that is significantly below the regulatory maximum contamination level (MCL). The above treatment performance was possible via single and two pass RO treatment for the small remote communities considered in the present study, while enabling sufficient high recovery that would generate a residual stream that can be accommodated in the communities' septic systems. The process configuration was optimized with respect to the number of RO elements and number of treatment passes. Detailed RO system design specifications were then developed, along with the design of treatment stages (pretreatment, RO module, and post-treatment) to meet the above-mentioned specifications. In addition, the correlation between nitrate passage and salt passage were explored for RO treatment of the source water in the study communities demonstrating that is may be feasible to predict the nitrate concentration in the permeate stream based on measurement of permeate salinity. RO process design specifications were derived on the basis of optimizing high recovery operation for permeate production capacity for each of the study sites ranging from 1,966 to 5,600 gallons per day. System design was based on treatment of well water of nitrate level of 45 - 389.7 mg/L as NO3-, and salinity in the range of 564 - 1,927 mg/L as total dissolved solids (TDS). RO operation specifications under the production capacity were not to exceed average element recovery of 20%, and single-pass recovery of 15% per element. The daily concentrate stream discharge from the RO systems constituted about 4.9% - 12.5% of the community septic tank capacity for system treatment at 90% recovery operating at recycle ratios ranging from 0.67 - 2.05. Post-treatment of the produced permeate was also considered using a limestone contactor to remineralize and pH stabilize the product water.
Download or read book Selected Water Resources Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1981 with total page 624 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Selected Water Resources Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1981-10 with total page 700 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Onsite Wastewater Treatment Systems Manual written by and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 378 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "This manual contains overview information on treatment technologies, installation practices, and past performance."--Introduction.
Download or read book Groundwater Quality written by Harriet Nash and published by Springer. This book was released on 1994-10-31 with total page 204 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Groundwater quality monitoring and testing is of paramount importance both in the developed and developing world. This book presents a series of papers illustrating the varied nature of current research into groundwater quality. Urban and rural supplies are covered through a case history approach, and the importance of remedial action to prevent deterioration is emphasized.
Download or read book Nitrate Removal for Small Public Water Systems written by and published by . This book was released on 1983 with total page 112 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists written by and published by . This book was released on 1972-10 with total page 64 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists is the premier public resource on scientific and technological developments that impact global security. Founded by Manhattan Project Scientists, the Bulletin's iconic "Doomsday Clock" stimulates solutions for a safer world.
Download or read book Technologies for Upgrading Existing Or Designing New Drinking Water Treatment Facilities written by and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 228 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Process Design Manual for Nitrogen Control written by United States. Environmental Protection Agency. Office of Technology Transfer and published by . This book was released on 1975 with total page 466 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Popular Science written by and published by . This book was released on 2007-08 with total page 128 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Popular Science gives our readers the information and tools to improve their technology and their world. The core belief that Popular Science and our readers share: The future is going to be better, and science and technology are the driving forces that will help make it better.
Download or read book Membrane Distillation written by Mohamed Khayet Souhaimi and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2011-08-12 with total page 493 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Modern membrane engineering is critical to the development of process-intensification strategies and to the stimulation of industrial growth. Membrane Distillation (MD) is a broad reference that covers specific information on membranes available and methods for MD membrane preparation and characterization. The book offers an introduction to the terminology and fundamental concepts as well as a historical review of MD development. Commercial membranes used in MD as well as laboratory-made membranes, including emerging membranes, are described in detail and illustrated by a number of clear and instructive schematic drawings and images. A comprehensive review on the development of MD membranes, MD modules, MD membrane characterization, MD configurations, applications in different areas and theoretical models Introduction to the terminology and fundamental concepts associated with MD as well as an historical review of MD development Description of commercial membranes used in MD as well as laboratory-made membranes, including emerging membranes
Download or read book Innovative Wastewater Treatment Resource Recovery Technologies Impacts on Energy Economy and Environment written by Juan M. Lema and published by IWA Publishing. This book was released on 2017-06-15 with total page 690 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book introduces the 3R concept applied to wastewater treatment and resource recovery under a double perspective. Firstly, it deals with innovative technologies leading to: Reducing energy requirements, space and impacts; Reusing water and sludge of sufficient quality; and Recovering resources such as energy, nutrients, metals and chemicals, including biopolymers. Besides targeting effective C,N&P removal, other issues such as organic micropollutants, gases and odours emissions are considered. Most of the technologies analysed have been tested at pilot- or at full-scale. Tools and methods for their Economic, Environmental, Legal and Social impact assessment are described. The 3R concept is also applied to Innovative Processes design, considering different levels of innovation: Retrofitting, where novel units are included in more conventional processes; Re-Thinking, which implies a substantial flowsheet modification; and Re-Imagining, with completely new conceptions. Tools are presented for Modelling, Optimising and Selecting the most suitable plant layout for each particular scenario from a holistic technical, economic and environmental point of view.
Download or read book Phosphorus Polluter and Resource of the Future written by Christian Schaum and published by IWA Publishing. This book was released on 2018-03-15 with total page 592 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This comprehensive book provides an up-to-date and international approach that addresses the Motivations, Technologies and Assessment of the Elimination and Recovery of Phosphorus from Wastewater. This book is part of the Integrated Environmental Technology Series.
Download or read book The Guidebook to Membrane Desalination Technology written by Mark Wilf and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 524 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Drinking Water Distribution Systems written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2007-01-22 with total page 405 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Protecting and maintaining water distributions systems is crucial to ensuring high quality drinking water. Distribution systems-consisting of pipes, pumps, valves, storage tanks, reservoirs, meters, fittings, and other hydraulic appurtenances-carry drinking water from a centralized treatment plant or well supplies to consumers' taps. Spanning almost 1 million miles in the United States, distribution systems represent the vast majority of physical infrastructure for water supplies, and thus constitute the primary management challenge from both an operational and public health standpoint. Recent data on waterborne disease outbreaks suggest that distribution systems remain a source of contamination that has yet to be fully addressed. This report evaluates approaches for risk characterization and recent data, and it identifies a variety of strategies that could be considered to reduce the risks posed by water-quality deteriorating events in distribution systems. Particular attention is given to backflow events via cross connections, the potential for contamination of the distribution system during construction and repair activities, maintenance of storage facilities, and the role of premise plumbing in public health risk. The report also identifies advances in detection, monitoring and modeling, analytical methods, and research and development opportunities that will enable the water supply industry to further reduce risks associated with drinking water distribution systems.
Download or read book Management of Legionella in Water Systems written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2020-02-20 with total page 291 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Legionnaires' disease, a pneumonia caused by the Legionella bacterium, is the leading cause of reported waterborne disease outbreaks in the United States. Legionella occur naturally in water from many different environmental sources, but grow rapidly in the warm, stagnant conditions that can be found in engineered water systems such as cooling towers, building plumbing, and hot tubs. Humans are primarily exposed to Legionella through inhalation of contaminated aerosols into the respiratory system. Legionnaires' disease can be fatal, with between 3 and 33 percent of Legionella infections leading to death, and studies show the incidence of Legionnaires' disease in the United States increased five-fold from 2000 to 2017. Management of Legionella in Water Systems reviews the state of science on Legionella contamination of water systems, specifically the ecology and diagnosis. This report explores the process of transmission via water systems, quantification, prevention and control, and policy and training issues that affect the incidence of Legionnaires' disease. It also analyzes existing knowledge gaps and recommends research priorities moving forward.
Download or read book HHS Ability to Effectively Implement Incentive Funding for State Information Systems in the Aid to Families with Dependent Children Program written by United States Accounting Office (GAO) and published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform. This book was released on 2018-06-15 with total page 30 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: HHS Ability To Effectively Implement Incentive Funding for State Information Systems in the Aid to Families With Dependent Children Program
