Download or read book Descriptive Theories of Bargaining written by Gerald R. Uhlich and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 177 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The aim of this book is the presentation of two new descriptive theories for experimental bargaining games and a comparison with other descriptive and normative theories. To obtain data it was necessary to develop two sets of computer programs for computer controlled ex periments. Moreover, data obtained by other researchers, which are available to us will be included in this study. The use of laboratory experiments in economics was introduced by THURSTONE [1931] in the field of utility theory. CHAMBERLIN [1948] was the first person to establish an expe rimental market for the purpose of testing a theory. The first experiment on characteristic function games was done by KALISH, MILNOR, NASH, and NERING [1954]. Today the use of experiments in controlled laboratory settings has become widespread. Earlier, economists went into the field to observe phenomena as the behavior of individuals, corporations and nations in action, then they formulated theories to explain what they saw. But unlike natural scientists, economists have not been able to test their theories under controlled conditions. Now experimental economists are able to replicate their results. Replication is very proble matic for field studies, because rarely the same conditions can be established again. Moreover, experimenters are able to test theories for situations described by simplified models which are not observable in the real world.
Download or read book Bargaining written by Oran R. Young and published by Urbana : University of Illinois Press. This book was released on 1975 with total page 428 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "In a volume which covers forty years of work on bargaining and negotiation and includes twenty-two contributions by the most prominent authors in the field--such as Frederik Zeuthen's theories of the early 1930s and Daniel Ellsberg's theory of the 'Relucant Dualist'--Oran Young evaluates all of the most important deductive models in the field, demonstrating their relevance for a wide range of political, social, and economic contexts, and emphasizing their ultimate application to real-world situations. Concerned with the potential of bargaining models as 'descriptive' or 'positive' theory in contrast to 'prescriptive' theory, Young views all of the theories as analytic techniques for coping with the problems associated with strategic interaction. He provides analytic and interpretative inroductions to each of the book's four parts: game-theoretic models of bargaining, economic models of bargaining, prospects for a unified theory, and manipulative models of bargaining. He also furnishes a general introduction and conclusion. Bargaining is common in a great many sociopolitical relationships, from the interactions of the members of family units to the interactions of nation states. Because of this widespread occurrence, there is a need for theoretical work on bargaining by students of all of the social sciences. In collecting and presenting the most important writings in the field, evaluating the prospects for further theoretical work, and clarifying several conceptual problems which commonly arise in analyses of bargaining, Young's book attempts to encourage this needed research. No advanced knowledge of mathematics is required to understand the essays, though a general familiarity with some of the principal techniques utilized in game theoretic and economic models is useful"--Publisher's description, p. [2] of dust jacket.
Download or read book Theories of the Bargaining Process written by Alan Coddington and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2017-07-05 with total page 126 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A tour de force of theoretical reasoning, this book presents the most advanced analytical model of the bargaining process so far conceived. Focused essentially on the dynamics of the bargaining process, Coddington's model employs elements of several conceptual constructs--individual decision-making, theories of expectations and their adjustment, and environment concepts--to explain the nature of consistency in a bargainer's system of expectations and intentions.The book begins with a description of the bargaining process in an economic context and establishes an analytical framework. There follows a critical survey of bargaining theory in which the author selects those concepts, which he finds most valid and most applicable to his decision-making/expectation/adjustment model. The internal consistency of a wide class of bargaining models is then examined in a chapter on the relationship between decision-making and expectations. Since the theory of games has been used as a basis for bargaining process theory, the author devotes a chapter to an examination of the game-theoretic approach and an assessment of its value relative to his own approach.The author concludes with a study of the specific capabilities of his own analytical model, with discussion of the possible combinations of assumptions with which the investigator may work. Although stemming from a problem in economic theory and of immediate intent to economists, the book's contribution to the general theory of conflict process and interdependent decision-making make it an important study for students of politics and international affairs as well as management and labor relations specialists.
Download or read book Bargaining Theory with Applications written by Abhinay Muthoo and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 1999-08-19 with total page 378 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Graduate textbook presenting abstract models of bargaining in a unified framework with detailed applications involving economic, political and social situations.
Download or read book Negotiation Analysis written by H. Peyton Young and published by University of Michigan Press. This book was released on 1991 with total page 224 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "H. Peyton Young has brought together the foremost experts from a variety of disciplines that have a bearing on negotiation analysis. Using techniques and examples drawn from fields including game theory, decision theory, economics, and experimental psychology, the contributors to Negotiation Analysis emphasize careful, systematic thinking about the negotiation process and show how recent work in these areas lends insight into an activity that plays such a central role in modern business, diplomacy, politics, and the law." "Each chapter in Negotiation Analysis focuses on a different aspect of negotiation, building a comprehensive exploration of the process in a wide variety of situations. The major topics are the design of incentives for communicating information, the uses of third parties, the role of fairness arguments in bargaining, the analysis of trade-offs, the effects of cognitive biases, the dangers of escalation, and the dynamics of coalition formation." "The book has been carefully designed and edited to provide a challenging but accessible source of guidance and understanding for readers familiar with introductory theory who wish to deepen their knowledge and to grasp ideas that relate more closely to the real and complicated situations in which most negotiations are conducted." --Book Jacket.
Download or read book More Than a Phase written by Daisung Jang and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Organizational scholars have systematically studied the negotiation process to guide the development of general descriptive and prescriptive theory. We examine whether these theories sufficiently address the entire process, comprising the planning, bargaining, and implementation phases. We do so by looking for patterns of measurement in many published quantitative studies. We find that the field converged upon measuring and modeling the bargaining phase using experimental methods, to the relative exclusion of other phases and methods. Theories generated by experts of specific contexts elaborate more on planning and implementation phases. To facilitate developing a truly general behavioral theory of negotiation, we identify necessary extensions and complications to organizational theories. This includes more expansive conceptualizations of key concepts such as best alternatives, the counterpart, and the value of negotiated agreement. To facilitate empirical research on the planning and implementation phases, we provide recommendations inspired by analogous work in other branches of social science.
Download or read book Bargaining and Markets written by Martin J. Osborne and published by San Diego ; Toronto : Academic Press. This book was released on 1990 with total page 242 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The formal theory of bargaining originated with John Nash's work in the early 1950s. This book discusses two recent developments in this theory. The first uses the tool of extensive games to construct theories of bargaining in which time is modeled explicitly. The second applies the theory of bargaining to the study of decentralized markets. Rather than surveying the field, the authors present a select number of models, each of which illustrates a key point. In addition, they give detailed proofs throughout the book.
Download or read book Psychological Foundations of the Behavioral Theory of Negotiation written by William P. Bottom and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Walton and McKersie's Behavioral Theory of Labor Negotiation sought to provide a descriptive theory of the process by which union and management negotiators reached settlements. Their paper drew on existing psychology, behavioral decision theory, and game theory. The basic psychological model of the negotiator was essentially the same as that used in most rational choice theory. Since then descriptive research on negotiation has branched into numerous subfields. Thompson recently characterized the state of research as a many sided prism. In this paper we use recent developments in evolutionary psychology to suggest an alternative psychological foundation for a general behavioral theory of negotiation. Such a theory would not be wedded to the particular institutional structure of collective bargaining. It may begin to synthesize the empirical regularities regarding different aspects of negotiation that have been discovered since the work of Walton and McKersie.
Download or read book Bilateral Bargaining written by Stefan Napel and published by Springer. This book was released on 2011-05-13 with total page 188 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book investigates bargaining between two agents. Its objective is to present, to extend, and to apply the present state of theoretical knowledge. A wide range of questions will be considered: First of all, will two parties reach efficient agreements? Traditional economic theory gives a generally affirma tive answer for perfectly rational agents, who can carry out complex calcu lations instantaneously and without cost. The book uses innovative methods to analyse the implications of less demanding assumptions. A practical ques tion related to bargaining is: How much power does the design of institutions such as the U. N. Security Council give to each of its members? Formally, non permanent members' votes are necessary to pass resolutions, but theoretical investigation of pre-voting negotiation attributes all power to the five perma nent members. Or one may ask whether a society should rather finance the education in higher mathematics for a talented person than remedial training for a retarded person? Different concepts of justice yield different answers. Which particular concept is implemented in a given society is also a matter of bargaining, and it is of special philosophical interest to investigate which bargain will be struck in an ideal society in which individual talents and resources are not yet known. Very generally, a bilateral bargaining situation is characterized by two agents - individuals, firms, governments, etc.
Download or read book Axiomatic Bargaining Game Theory written by H.J. Peters and published by Springer. This book was released on 2010-12-05 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Many social or economic conflict situations can be modeled by specifying the alternatives on which the involved parties may agree, and a special alternative which summarizes what happens in the event that no agreement is reached. Such a model is called a bargaining game, and a prescription assigning an alternative to each bargaining game is called a bargaining solution. In the cooperative game-theoretical approach, bargaining solutions are mathematically characterized by desirable properties, usually called axioms. In the noncooperative approach, solutions are derived as equilibria of strategic models describing an underlying bargaining procedure. Axiomatic Bargaining Game Theory provides the reader with an up-to-date survey of cooperative, axiomatic models of bargaining, starting with Nash's seminal paper, The Bargaining Problem. It presents an overview of the main results in this area during the past four decades. Axiomatic Bargaining Game Theory provides a chapter on noncooperative models of bargaining, in particular on those models leading to bargaining solutions that also result from the axiomatic approach. The main existing axiomatizations of solutions for coalitional bargaining games are included, as well as an auxiliary chapter on the relevant demands from utility theory.
Download or read book Game Theoretic Models of Bargaining written by Alvin E. Roth and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 1985-11-29 with total page 402 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a comprehensive picture of the new developments in bargaining theory.
Download or read book Household and Economy written by Marc Nerlove and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2014-05-10 with total page 174 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Household and Economy: Welfare Economics of Endogenous Fertility deals with welfare economics and the socially optimal population size, as well as the social consequences of individual choice with respect to family size within each generation. The general equilibrium implications of endogenous fertility for a number of issues of population policy are discussed. In addition to their own consumption, the number of children and the utility of each child is assumed to enter the utility function of the parents. Comprised of 10 chapters, this volume begins with a review of social welfare criteria for optimal population size and the static theory of optimal population size, optimal population growth with exogenous fertility, and the theory of endogenous fertility. The reader is then introduced to the basic principles of welfare economics and the economics of externalities, followed by a summary of the traditional theory of household behavior. Subsequent chapters focus on optimal population size according to various social welfare criteria; real and potential externalities generated by the endogeneity of fertility; and the principal alternative reason for having children: to transfer resources from the present to support the future consumption of parents in old age. The book concludes by assessing the implications of endogenous fertility for within-generation income distribution policies and reflecting on the directions in which future research may be fruitful. This monograph will be of value to economists, social scientists, students of welfare economics, and those who wish to understand the contribution of economic analysis to an improved understanding of population policy.
Download or read book Bargaining and Markets written by Martin J. Osborne and published by Emerald Group Pub Limited. This book was released on 1990 with total page 216 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The formal theory of bargaining originated with John Nash's work in the early 1950s. This book discusses two recent developments in this theory. The first uses the tool of extensive games to construct theories of bargaining in which time is modeled explicitly. The second applies the theory of bargaining to the study of decentralized markets. Rather than surveying the field, the authors present a select number of models, each of which illustrates a key point. In addition, they give detailed proofs throughout the book. Key Features * Uses a small number of models, rather than a survey of the field, to illustrate key points * Detailed proofs are given as explanations for the models * Text has been class-tested in a semester-long graduate course
Download or read book Teleosemantics written by Graham Macdonald and published by Clarendon Press. This book was released on 2006-09-28 with total page 242 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Teleosemantics seeks to explain meaning and other intentional phenomena in terms of their function in the life of the species. This volume of new essays from an impressive line-up of well-known contributors offers a valuable summary of the current state of the teleosemantics debate.
Download or read book A Behavioral Theory of Labor Negotiations written by Richard E. Walton and published by Cornell University Press. This book was released on 1991 with total page 468 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this book, Walton and McKersie attempt to describe a comprehensive theory of labor negotiation. The authors abstract and analyze four sets of systems of activities which they believe account for much of the behavior found in labor negotiations. The first system of activities, termed "distributive bargaining," comprises competitive behaviors that are intended to influence the division of limited resources. The second system is made up of activities that increase the joint gain available to the negotiating parties, referred to as "integrative bargaining." They are problem-solving behaviors and other activities which identify, enlarge and act upon the common interests of the parties. The third system includes activities that influence the attitudes of the parties toward each other and affect the basic relationship bonds between the social units involved. This process is referred to as "attitudinal structuring." The fourth system of activities, which occurs as an integral aspect of the inter-party negotiations, comprises the behaviors of a negotiator that are meant to achieve consensus within one's own organizations. This fourth process is called "intra-organizational bargaining." Each sub process has its own set of instrumental acts or tactics. Therefore, each of the four model chapters is followed by a chapter on the tactics which implement the process. These chapters translate the model into tactical assignments and include an abundance of supporting illustrations from actual negotiations. This study should be of interest to several audiences, including students and teachers of industrial relations, social scientists interested in the general field of conflict resolution, as well as practitioners of collective bargaining and other individuals directly involved in international negotiations. The overall theoretical framework has been derived by a mixture of inductive and deductive reasoning. Extensive fieldwork and several dozen printed case studies have provided the bulk of the empirical data. In terms of meaning, the study has three touchstones: the field of collective bargaining; the field of conflict resolutions; and the underlying disciplines of economics, psychology, and sociology.
Download or read book Getting to Yes written by Roger Fisher and published by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. This book was released on 1991 with total page 242 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Describes a method of negotiation that isolates problems, focuses on interests, creates new options, and uses objective criteria to help two parties reach an agreement.
Download or read book Allies of Convenience written by Evan N. Resnick and published by Columbia University Press. This book was released on 2019-08-06 with total page 277 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since its founding, the United States has allied with unsavory dictatorships to thwart even more urgent security threats. How well has the United States managed such alliances, and what have been their consequences for its national security? In this book, Evan N. Resnick examines the negotiating tables between the United States and its allies of convenience since World War II and sets forth a novel theory of alliance bargaining. Resnick’s neoclassical realist theory explains why U.S. leaders negotiate less effectively with unfriendly autocratic states than with friendly liberal ones. Since policy makers struggle to mobilize domestic support for controversial alliances, they seek to cast those allies in the most benign possible light. Yet this strategy has the perverse result of weakening leverage in intra-alliance disputes. Resnick tests his theory on America’s Cold War era alliances with China, Pakistan, and Iraq. In all three cases, otherwise hardline presidents bargained anemically on such pivotal issues as China’s sales of ballistic missiles, Pakistan’s development of nuclear weapons, and Iraq’s sponsorship of international terrorism. In contrast, U.S. leaders are more inclined to bargain aggressively with democratic allies who do not provoke domestic opposition, as occurred with the United Kingdom during the Korean War. An innovative work on a crucial and timely international relations topic, Allies of Convenience explains why the United States has mismanaged these “deals with the devil”—with deadly consequences.
