Download or read book Description des propri t s optiques des cristaux photoniques l aide d une m thode bas e sur des fonctions localis es written by David Monge and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 150 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Contribution la r alisation de fonctions optiques base de cristaux photoniques sur LiNbO3 written by Sandrine Massy and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 352 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cette étude démontre la faisabilité de composants dédiés aux télécommunications optiques par gravure d'une structure à Bande Interdite Photonique (BIP) bidimensionnelle dans le niobate de lithium avec guide protonique. Un bombardement électronique, issu d'un Microscope Electronique à Balayage (MEB), associé à une attaque chimique permet d'obtenir des réseaux de tiges ou de trous dans le matériau. Le processus physique à la base de la création des tiges est l'inversion des domaines ferroélectriques du cristal. L'influence des paramètres expérimentaux de preparation et d'irradiation de l'échantillon est étudiée. Des tiges et des trous de, respectivement, 1 æm et 400 nm de diamètre sont obtenus. Des simulations ont permis de déterminer les dimensions du réseau nécessaires à l'obtention d'un filtre à ? = 1,55 æm. La structure ainsi réalisée expérimentalement et caractérisée optiquement montre un comportement sélectif en longueur d'onde autour de 1,55 æm

Download or read book Cristaux photoniques bidimensionnels en SOI et leur couplage avec un miroir de Bragg written by Antoine Salomon and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 154 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Analogues aux cristaux électroniques, les cristaux photoniques sont des matériaux diélectriques dont l'indice optique est modulé. Comme en électronique, où la variation périodique du potentiel structure la dispersion énergétique des électrons, cette modulation de 'l'indice structure la dispersion en énergie des photons. Il est alors possible de contrôler ces demiers en leurs interdisant des bandes de fréquences et certaines directions. De plus, de part leur forte intégration ainsi que leur compatibilité de fabrication avec la filière silicium, les Cristaux photonique en Silicium sur Isolant (SOI), disposent d'un fort potentiel pour la mise au point d'une future électro-photonique intégré sur silicium. Dans ce contexte, ce travail s'attache à l'étude de sources optiques à cristaux photoniques en SOI et plus particulièrement au couplage entre une source à cristal photonique bidimensionnel et un miroir de Bragg.Dans un premier temps nous nous intéressons aux aspects théoriques et technologiques des cristaux photoniques. Nous abordons les principes physiques de la structure de bande photonique afin de cerner les modes de fonctionnement ainsi que les propriétés des cristaux photoniques pour ensuite décrire ,les moyens de fabrication et de caractérisation optique. Dans un deuxième temps nous nous attaquons à l'étude de cristaux photoniques bidimensionnels pour l'extraction de lumière. Au cours de cette étape nous mettons en évidence que le couplage de désexcitations radiatives avec de modes optiques de cristaux photoniques permet de nettement améliorer l'extraction lumineuse. En exploitant des modes de cavités, des modes lents et une combinaison astucieuse des deux, nous présentons la mise au point de sources optiques à 1.1 [Mu]m. Ces résultats concordent avec les calculs par la, méthode des ondes planes des diagrammes de bande correspondant. Enfin nous étudions le couplage entre cristaux photoniques bidimensionnels et miroir de Bragg. Nous nous intéressons spécialement au rôle de la distance de couplage entre le miroir et le cristal sur les propriétés d'extraction et du facteur de qualité (Q). Après avoir développé un montage original permettant de moduler cette distance sur quelques micromètres, nous montrons que les deux quantités précédentes en sont des fonctions périodiques de période [Lambda]/2.Les résultats obtenus montrent aussi une augmentation de l'extraction lumineuse et du Q par rapport à ceux de cristal seul.Ces mesures expérimentales sont en adéquation avec de calculs FDTD bidimensionnel. Nous terminons cette étude par la présentation de premières structures associant un cristal photonique avec deux miroirs de Bragg.

Download or read book Etude de composants cristaux photoniques dans la fili re silicium pour les longueurs d ondes des t l communications optiques written by Sylvain David (physicien et auteur d'une thèse en 2003).) and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 168 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Les cristaux photoniques sont des structures artificielles dont la constante diélectrique est rendue périodique. La propriété essentielle de ces structures est l'ouverture de bandes interdites photoniques pour lesquelles la propagation de la lumière n'est pas autorisée. Une bande interdite complète s'obtient selon certaines conditions portant sur le contraste d'indice, les dimensions et les symétries des réseaux. Ce travail de thèse est essentiellement consacré à l'étude et la réalisation de cristaux photoniques bidimensionnels à base de silicium pour les longueurs d'onde 1,3 - 1,55 [mu]m. Les dispositifs à cristaux photoniques planaires sont confinés par une variation d'indice dans la troisième direction. Deux approches sont envisagées : le fort confinement pour les microcavités et le faible confinement pour l'optique guidée. Nous avons réalisé des microcavités planaires à cristaux photoniques sur substrat SOI (silicium sur isolant) intégrant des boîtes quantiques Ge/Si. Nous avons montré une forte exaltation de la luminescence dans la gamme 1,3 - 1,55[mu]m, caractérisée par un comportement surlinéaire de l'émission. Cette forte augmentation est à la fois le résultat de l'extraction de la lumière par le cristal photonique, mais également la signature d'une forte localisation spatiale des porteurs de charge dans la microcavité. Nous avons également travaillé sur la réalisation de guide d'onde à cristaux photoniques de faible confinement vertical pour le guidage planaire, en utilisant deux technologies : la gravure photo-électrochimique et la gravure plasma ICP (Inductively Coupled Plasma). Nous avons montré la possibilité de réaliser des structures à cristal photonique à travers des guides épais SiGe (2 [mu]m) enterrés dans le silicium. Nous avons également modélisé de nouveaux cristaux photoniques tels que les pavages d'Archimède ou les approximants de quasi-cristaux dans le but d'obtenir le comportement le plus isotrope possible.

Download or read book Organic Solid State Lasers written by Sébastien Forget and published by Springer. This book was released on 2013-07-03 with total page 179 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Organic lasers are broadly tunable coherent sources, potentially compact, convenient and manufactured at low-costs. Appeared in the mid 60’s as solid-state alternatives for liquid dye lasers, they recently gained a new dimension after the demonstration of organic semiconductor lasers in the 90's. More recently, new perspectives appeared at the nanoscale, with organic polariton and surface plasmon lasers. After a brief reminder to laser physics, a first chapter exposes what makes organic solid-state organic lasers specific. The laser architectures used in organic lasers are then reviewed, with a state-of-the-art review of the performances of devices with regard to output power, threshold, lifetime, beam quality etc. A survey of the recent trends in the field is given, highlighting the latest developments with a special focus on the challenges remaining for achieving direct electrical pumping of organic semiconductor lasers. A last chapter covers the applications of organic solid-state lasers.

Download or read book Flexoelectricity in Liquid Crystals written by Agnes Buka and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2013 with total page 299 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book intends to give a state-of-the-art overview of flexoelectricity, a linear physical coupling between mechanical (orientational) deformations and electric polarization, which is specific to systems with orientational order, such as liquid crystals. Chapters written by experts in the field shed light on theoretical as well as experimental aspects of research carried out since the discovery of flexoelectricity. Besides a common macroscopic (continuum) description the microscopic theory of flexoelectricity is also addressed. Electro-optic effects due to or modified by flexoelectricity as well as various (direct and indirect) measurement methods are discussed. Special emphasis is given to the role of flexoelectricity in pattern-forming instabilities. While the main focus of the book lies in flexoelectricity in nematic liquid crystals, peculiarities of other mesophases (bent-core systems, cholesterics, and smectics) are also reviewed. Flexoelectricity has relevance to biological (living) systems and can also offer possibilities for technical applications. The basics of these two interdisciplinary fields are also summarized.

Download or read book Color Television Receivers written by and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page 14 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Report to the President on investigation no. 332-95 under section 332 of the Tariff Act of 1930, as amended.

Download or read book X Ray and Neutron Reflectivity Principles and Applications written by Jean Daillant and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2003-07-01 with total page 347 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The reflection of and neutrons from surfaces has existed as an x-rays exp- imental for almost it is in the last technique fifty Nevertheless, only years. decade that these methods have become as of enormously popular probes This the surfaces and interfaces. to be due to of several appears convergence of intense different circumstances. These include the more n- availability be measured orders tron and sources that can over (so reflectivity x-ray many of and the much weaker surface diffuse can now also be magnitude scattering of thin films and studied in some the detail); growing importance multil- basic the realization of the ers in both and technology research; important which in the of surfaces and and role roughness plays properties interfaces; the of statistical models to characterize the of finally development topology its and its characterization from on roughness, dependence growth processes The of and to surface scattering experiments. ability x-rays neutro4s study four five orders of in scale of surfaces over to magnitude length regardless their and also their to ability probe environment, temperature, pressure, etc. , makes these the choice for buried interfaces often probes preferred obtaining information about the microstructure of often in statistical a global surfaces, the local This is manner to complementary imaging microscopy techniques, of such studies in the literature witnessed the veritable by explosion published the last few Thus these lectures will useful for over a resource years.

Download or read book Laser 50 Years Of Discoveries written by Fabien Bretenaker and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2014-10-27 with total page 185 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This unique book provides an overview of the principle and applications of lasers enriched with numerous illustrations.Being over fifty years old, lasers continue to amaze us. Their performance characteristics are constantly reaching new limits, and the scope of their applications continues to expand. Yet, it took years of effort by teams of physicists to transform the fundamental notions of Einstein into the first experimental beam of laser light. And history is still going on as fundamental research is now triggered by its remarkable properties.This book addresses every aspects of laser light, from its fundamental principles to its industrial applications, at a level particularly suited for high school teachers, students, and anybody curious about science and technology.

Download or read book Diffusion in Materials DIMAT 2011 written by I. Bezverkhyy and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The International Conference on Diffusion in Materials (DIMAT) is the benchmark conference series for diffusion in solids. DIMAT 2011 was organized by the University of Bourgogne in association with CNRS, Dijon (France). The conference showcased new results concerning theoretical tools as well as applied research approaches. Diffusion processes affect all types of materials: nanomaterials, materials for energy, metallurgy, glasses and ceramics, but each requires its own numerical tools.Volume is indexed by Thomson Reuters CPCI-S (WoS). This volume comprises most of the contributions presented at DIMAT 2011: 4 plenary lectures delivered by famous high-level scientists plus 88 contributions in the form of keynote lectures, talks and posters.

Download or read book Nonlinear Optical Materials written by Jerome V. Moloney and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 1998-08-13 with total page 270 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Mathematical methods play a significant role in the rapidly growing field of nonlinear optical materials. This volume discusses a number of successful or promising contributions. The overall theme of this volume is twofold: (1) the challenges faced in computing and optimizing nonlinear optical material properties; and (2) the exploitation of these properties in important areas of application. These include the design of optical amplifiers and lasers, as well as novel optical switches. Research topics in this volume include how to exploit the magnetooptic effect, how to work with the nonlinear optical response of materials, how to predict laser-induced breakdown in efficient optical devices, and how to handle electron cloud distortion in femtosecond processes.

Download or read book Physical Properties of Amorphous Materials written by David Adler and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-06-29 with total page 448 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Institute for Amorphous Studies was founded in 1982 as the international center for the investigation of amorphous mate rials. It has since played an important role in promoting the und er standing of disordered matter in general. An Institute lecture series on "Fundamentals of Amorphous Materials and Devices" was held during 1982-83 with distinguished speakers from universities and industry. These events were free and open to the public ,and were attended by many representatives of the scientific community. The lectures themselves were highly successful inasmuch as they provided not only formal instruction but also an opportunity for vigorous and stimulating debate. That last element could not be captured within the pages of a book I but the lectures concentrated on the latest advances in the field I which is why their essential contents are he re reproduced in collective form. Together they constitute an interdisciplinary status report of the field. The speakers brought many different viewpoints and a variety of back ground experiences io bear on the problems involved I but though language and conventions vary I the essential unity of the concerns is very clear I as indeed are the ultimate benefits of the many-sided approach.