Download or read book Der Erste Kreuzzug Feindbild Muslime written by Tristan Simmet and published by GRIN Verlag. This book was released on 2021-11-09 with total page 24 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Studienarbeit aus dem Jahr 2019 im Fachbereich Weltgeschichte - Frühgeschichte, Antike, Note: 2,0, Universität Regensburg (Geschichte), Veranstaltung: Die Kreuzzüge, Sprache: Deutsch, Abstract: Die Arbeit widmet sich dem Thema "Der erste Kreuzzug" und geht darauf ein, wie die islamischen Anwohner in Palästina wahrgenommen wurden. Im Jahr 1071 erschütterte eine folgenschwere Niederlage das Oströmische Reich. In Manzikert wurde die byzantinische Armee von den türkisch muslimischen Seldschuken vernichtend geschlagen. Die Niederlage war für Byzanz verheerend und bedeutete den Verlust des wichtigen Anatoliens. Die Unterstützung für Byzanz und verschiedene andere politischen Ziele, wie das Revidieren des Schismas von 1052, führten zu einem bis dato beispiellosen religiös motivierten Kriegszug. Die Rede Urbans II. am 27.11.1095. in Clermont war eines der wichtigsten Bauteile für den Erfolg des Ersten Kreuzzugs, welcher im Juli 1099 mit der Eroberung Jerusalems sein Ziel erreichte. Ein Hauptziel des Kreuzzugs war die Rückeroberung Jerusalems von den Muslimen. Die Arbeit soll nun analysieren, ob die Muslime als die uneingeschränkten Feinde der Kreuzfahrer wahrgenommen worden und dementsprechend behandelt worden sind oder eben auch nicht. Die Rede Urbans in Clermont als Initialzünder der Bewegung soll in Anbetracht ihres entscheidenden und prägenden Charakters der Unternehmung noch zusätzlich auf ein muslimisches Feindbild untersucht werden.
Download or read book Germans and Poles in the Middle Ages written by and published by BRILL. This book was released on 2021-08-16 with total page 459 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume examines mutual ethnic and national perceptions and stereotypes in the Middle Ages by analysing a range of historical sources, with a particular focus on the mutual history of Germany and Poland.
Download or read book The Concept of Monotheism in Islam and Christianity written by Hans Köchler and published by International Progress Organization. This book was released on 1982 with total page 148 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Concept of Momotheism in Islam & Christianity
Download or read book Byzantium in Dialogue with the Mediterranean written by and published by BRILL. This book was released on 2019-03-25 with total page 300 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In thirteen contributions, Byzantium in Dialogue with the Mediterranean. History and Heritage shows that throughout the centuries of its existence, Byzantium continuously communicated with other cultures and societies on the European continent, as well as North Africa and in the East. In this volume, ‘History’ represents not only the chronological, geographical and narrative background of the historical reality of Byzantium, but it also stands for an all-inclusive scholarly approach to the Byzantine world that transcends the boundaries of traditionally separate disciplines such as history, art history or archaeology. The second notion, ‘Heritage’, refers to both material remains and immaterial traditions, and traces that have survived or have been appropriated. Contributors are Hans Bloemsma, Elena Boeck, Averil Cameron, Elsa Fernandes Cardoso, Cristian Caselli, Evangelos Chrysos, Konstantinos Chryssogelos, Penelope Mougoyianni, Daphne Penna, Marko Petrak, Matthew Savage, Daniëlle Slootjes, Karen Stock, Alex Rodriguez Suarez and Mariëtte Verhoeven.
Download or read book Great Christian Thinkers written by Hans Küng and published by A&C Black. This book was released on 1994-05-01 with total page 244 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An introduction to theologians who greatly affected Christian thought includes portraits of Paul, Origen, Augustine, Thomas Aquinas, Martin Luther, Friedrich Schleiermacher, and Karl Barth
Download or read book Islam in Liberal Europe written by Kai Hafez and published by Rowman & Littlefield. This book was released on 2014-02-07 with total page 417 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Islam in "Liberal" Europe provides the first comprehensive overview of the political and social status of Islam and of Muslim migrants in Europe. Kai Hafez shows that although legal and political systems have made progress toward recognizing Muslims on equal terms and eliminating discriminatory practices that are in contradiction to neutral secularism, “liberal societies” often lag behind. The author argues that Islamophobic murders in Norway and Germany are only the tip of the iceberg of a deep-seated inability of many Europeans to accept cultural globalization when it hits close to home. Although there have always been anti-racist elites and networks in Europe, Hafez contends that the dominant tradition even among seemingly liberal intellectual milieus and their media is Islamophobic. This fact finds expression not only in the growing anti-Islam sentiment among right-wing populists but sometimes also in so-called enlightened forms of contemporary media, public opinion, school curricula, and Christian interfaith dialogues. In addition to offering a critical assessment of positive and negative trends in Islamic-Western relations, Hafez also engages in a theoretical debate revolving around integration, tolerance, multicultural liberalism, and modern liberal democracy. He combines political philosophy and political and social theory with current analysis on communication and the role of both religious and secular institutions in community-building in modern societies. In essence, the author debates the question of whether liberal society in Europe, in order to avoid a growing gap between integrative politics and discriminatory societies, needs a complete renewal not only of political ideologies but also of cultures and institutions.
Download or read book Chronicles of the First Crusade written by Christopher Tyerman and published by Penguin UK. This book was released on 2011-11-03 with total page 760 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The story of the First Crusade, as witnessed by contemporary writers 'O day so ardently desired! O time of times the most memorable! O deed before all other deeds!' The fall of Jerusalem in the summer of 1099 to an exhausted and starving army of western European soldiers was one of the most extraordinary events of the Middle Ages. It was both the climax of a great wave of visionary Christian fervour and the beginning of what proved to be a futile and abortive attempt to implant a new European kingdom of heaven in an overwhelmingly Muslim world. This remarkable collection brings together a wide variety of contemporary accounts of the First Crusade, including Pope Urban II's initial call to arms of 1095, as well as the first-hand writings of priests, knights, a Jewish pilgrim, a destitute noblewoman, an Iraqi poet and the historian Anna Comnena. Together they provide a vivid and nuanced picture of the First Crusade and the people who were swept up in it. Edited with an introduction and notes by Christopher Tyerman
Download or read book Terror in the Balkans written by Ben Shepherd and published by Harvard University Press. This book was released on 2012-04-13 with total page 375 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Ben Shepherd ... uses Austro-Hungarian Army records to consider how the personal experiences of many Austrian officers during the Great War played a role in brutalizing their behavior in Yugoslavia. A comparison of Wehrmacht counter-insurgency divisions allows Shepherd to analyze how a range of midlevel commanders and their units conducted themselves in different parts of Yugoslavia, and why"--Jacket.
Download or read book Short term Empires in World History written by Robert Rollinger and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-06-04 with total page 343 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The volume will focus on a comparative level on a specific group of states that are commonly labelled as “empires” and that we encounter through all historical periods. Although they are very successful at the very beginning, like most empires are, this success is very ephemeral and transient. The era of conquest is never followed by a period of consolidation. Collapse and/or reduction to much smaller dimension run as fast as the process of wide-ranging conquest and expansion. The volume singles out a series of such “short-term empires” and aims to provide a methodologically clearly structured as well as a uniform and consistent approach by developing a general set of questions that guarantee the possibility to compare and distinguish. This way it intends to examine not only already well established empires but also to illuminate forgotten ones.
Download or read book Introduction to Pagan Studies written by Barbara Jane Davy and published by Rowman Altamira. This book was released on 2007 with total page 262 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Pagan Studies is maturing and moving beyond the context of new religious movements to situate itself in within of the study of world religions. Introduction to Pagan Studies is the first and only text designed to introduce the study of contemporary Paganism as a world religion. It examines the intellectual, religious, and social spheres of Paganism through common categories in the study of religion, which includes beliefs, practices, theology, ritual, history, and role of texts and scriptures. The text is accessible to readers of all backgrounds and religions and assumes no prior knowledge of Paganism. This text will also serve as a general introduction to Pagan Studies for non-specialist scholars of religion, as well as be of interest to scholars in the related disciplines of Anthropology, Sociology and Cultural Studies, and to students taking courses in Religious Studies, Pagan Studies, Nature Religion, New Religious Movements, and Religion in America. The book will also be useful to non-academic practitioners of Paganism interested in current scholarship.
Download or read book Empire on the Adriatic written by H. James Burgwyn and published by Enigma Books. This book was released on 2005 with total page 436 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The first full-length treatment of Mussolini's campaign against Yugoslavia reveals a brief but tragic chapter in Balkan history replete with ethnic cleansing and atrocities that set the stage for the violence in the 1990s.
Download or read book Invisible Weapons written by M. Cecilia Gaposchkin and published by Cornell University Press. This book was released on 2017-01-17 with total page 328 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Throughout the history of the Crusades, liturgical prayer, masses, and alms were all marshaled in the fight against Muslim armies. In Invisible Weapons, M. Cecilia Gaposchkin focuses on the ways in which Latin Christians communicated their ideas and aspirations for crusade to God through liturgy, how public worship was deployed, and how prayers and masses absorbed the ideals and priorities of crusading. Placing religious texts and practices within the larger narrative of crusading, Gaposchkin offers a new understanding of a crucial facet in the culture of holy war.
Download or read book Looking East written by G. Maclean and published by Springer. This book was released on 2007-09-05 with total page 310 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Looking East examines how English encounters with the Ottoman Empire helped shape national identities and imperial ambitions. Engagingly written in an accessible style, this book demonstrates how the so-called 'conflict of civilizations' separating the Muslim East from the Christian West is a false and dangerous myth.
Download or read book Imagining the Middle East written by Thierry Hentsch and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 242 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recipient of the Governor General's Literary Award for Translation, Imagining the Middle East examines how Western perceptions of the Middle East were formed and how they have been used as a rationalization for setting policies and determining actions.
Download or read book Turks Moors and Englishmen in the Age of Discovery written by Nabil Matar and published by Columbia University Press. This book was released on 2000-10-25 with total page 281 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: During the early modern period, hundreds of Turks and Moors traded in English and Welsh ports, dazzled English society with exotic cuisine and Arabian horses, and worked small jobs in London, while the "Barbary Corsairs" raided coastal towns and, if captured, lingered in Plymouth jails or stood trial in Southampton courtrooms. In turn, Britons fought in Muslim armies, traded and settled in Moroccan or Tunisian harbor towns, joined the international community of pirates in Mediterranean and Atlantic outposts, served in Algerian households and ships, and endured captivity from Salee to Alexandria and from Fez to Mocha. In Turks, Moors, and Englishmen, Nabil Matar vividly presents new data about Anglo-Islamic social and historical interactions. Rather than looking exclusively at literary works, which tended to present unidimensional stereotypes of Muslims—Shakespeare's "superstitious Moor" or Goffe's "raging Turke," to name only two—Matar delves into hitherto unexamined English prison depositions, captives' memoirs, government documents, and Arabic chronicles and histories. The result is a significant alternative to the prevailing discourse on Islam, which nearly always centers around ethnocentrism and attempts at dominance over the non-Western world, and an astonishing revelation about the realities of exchange and familiarity between England and Muslim society in the Elizabethan and early Stuart periods. Concurrent with England's engagement and "discovery" of the Muslims was the "discovery" of the American Indians. In an original analysis, Matar shows how Hakluyt and Purchas taught their readers not only about America but about the Muslim dominions, too; how there were more reasons for Britons to venture eastward than westward; and how, in the period under study, more Englishmen lived in North Africa than in North America. Although Matar notes the sharp political and colonial differences between the English encounter with the Muslims and their encounter with the Indians, he shows how Elizabethan and Stuart writers articulated Muslim in terms of Indian, and Indian in terms of Muslim. By superimposing the sexual constructions of the Indians onto the Muslims, and by applying to them the ideology of holy war which had legitimated the destruction of the Indians, English writers prepared the groundwork for orientalism and for the eighteenth- and nineteenth-century conquest of Mediterranean Islam. Matar's detailed research provides a new direction in the study of England's geographic imagination. It also illuminates the subtleties and interchangeability of stereotype, racism, and demonization that must be taken into account in any responsible depiction of English history.
Download or read book Shadows of Trauma written by Aleida Assmann and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 302 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "The book traces the process of creating of a new German memory of the Holocaust after the fall of the Wall. Combining theoretical analysis with historical case studies, the book revisits crucial debates and controversial issues out of which Germany's new 'memory culture' emerged as a collective project and work in progress"--
Download or read book The Birth of the Despot written by Lucette Valensi and published by Cornell University Press. This book was released on 2018-05-31 with total page 129 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In her graceful account of the transformation of European attitudes toward the Ottoman empire during the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, Lucette Valensi follows the genealogy of the concept of Oriental despotism. The Birth of the Despot examines a crucial moment in the long and ambiguous encounter between the Christian and Islamic worlds: the period after the fall of Constantinople to the Turks, when Venice's pursuit of its commercial and maritime interests brought two powerful protagonists—Venice and the Sublime Porte—face-to-face. Vivaldi's oratorio Juditha Triumphans, in which Judith liberates her besieged town by killing the Turk Holofernes, serves as the organizing metaphor in Valensi's study of how Venice's perceptions of its rival changed. Valensi shows how Venice's initial admiration for the sultan and his orderly empire metamorphosed into revulsion at a monstrous tyrant.
