Download or read book Der Erste Kreuzzug Die Kultur des Ersten Kreuzzuges im Spiegel der Zivilisation written by and published by GRIN Verlag. This book was released on 2020-12-23 with total page 27 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Akademische Arbeit aus dem Jahr 2017 im Fachbereich Geschichte Europas - Mittelalter, Frühe Neuzeit, Note: 1,0, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster (Historisches Seminar), Veranstaltung: Absichten, Pläne und Strategien in der politischen Praxis des frühen Mittelalters, Sprache: Deutsch, Abstract: In der folgenden Arbeit möchte ich die These des britischen Militärhistorikers John Keegan am Beispiel des ersten Kreuzzuges untersuchen, die besagt, dass die Geschichte des Krieges und der Kriegskunst immer auch als Spiegel der menschlichen Zivilisation zu verstehen ist und dass der Krieg immer Teil der Kultur selbst ist und als solches zu akzeptieren gilt. Die Art und Weise, wie zum Beispiel ein Volk, eine Nation oder ein militärisches Bündnissystem Krieg führt, lässt nach John Keegan Rückschlüsse auf die Gesellschaft und auf den Stand der Zivilisation zu.1 „Krieg ist stets Ausdruck einer Kultur, oft sogar eine ihrer bestimmenden Größen, und in manchen Gesellschaften die Kultur selbst.“2 Wichtiger Bestandteil der Kultur eines Krieges ist nicht nur die Kriegsführung an sich, sondern auch wie Krieg legitimiert wurde, wer daran teilnahm, welche Motivation die Kämpfenden hatten oder warum er zum Beispiel so grausam geführt wurde. Auf diese genannten Aspekte werde ich mich in der folgenden Arbeit in Hinblick auf den ersten Kreuzzug fokussieren und versuchen dadurch Rückschlüsse und Erkenntnisse auf den Zustand der west- und mitteleuropäischen Zivilisation und Gesellschaft des elften Jahrhunderts zu ziehen und überprüfen, ob John Keegans Theorie denn wirklich in allen genannten Punkten seine Gültigkeit beibehält. Methodisch versuche ich dies herauszufinden, indem ich die oben genannten wichtigen Aspekte des ersten Kreuzzuges beschreibe und dann mit Hilfe von Sekundärliteratur hinsichtlich der oben formulierten Fragestellung analysiere und dies mit meiner Hauptquelle belege.
Download or read book Short term Empires in World History written by Robert Rollinger and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-06-04 with total page 343 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The volume will focus on a comparative level on a specific group of states that are commonly labelled as “empires” and that we encounter through all historical periods. Although they are very successful at the very beginning, like most empires are, this success is very ephemeral and transient. The era of conquest is never followed by a period of consolidation. Collapse and/or reduction to much smaller dimension run as fast as the process of wide-ranging conquest and expansion. The volume singles out a series of such “short-term empires” and aims to provide a methodologically clearly structured as well as a uniform and consistent approach by developing a general set of questions that guarantee the possibility to compare and distinguish. This way it intends to examine not only already well established empires but also to illuminate forgotten ones.
Download or read book The Forrestal Diaries written by James Forrestal and published by Pickle Partners Publishing. This book was released on 2015-11-06 with total page 869 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: James Vincent Forrestal (1892-1949) was the last Cabinet-level United States Secretary of the Navy and the first United States Secretary of Defense. These fascinating diaries begin in 1944 shortly after James Forrestal became Secretary of the Navy, and end with his resignation in March 1949 as America’s first Secretary of Defense. Blunt and forceful, Forrestal reveals the American strategy that he helped shape with verve. Expertly edited by seasoned historian Walter Millis, the American high command as is seen in a rare light as the Second World War finishes and the Cold War begins and gathers pace.
Download or read book The Retreat of the Elephants written by Mark Elvin and published by Yale University Press. This book was released on 2004-03-10 with total page 592 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The eminent China scholar delivers a landmark study of Chinese culture’s relationship to the natural environment across thousands of years of history. Spanning the three millennia for which there are written records, The Retreat of the Elephants is the first comprehensive environmental history of China. It is also a treasure trove of literary, political, aesthetic, scientific, and religious sources, which allow the reader direct access to the views and feelings of Chinese people toward their environment and their landscape. China scholar and historian Mark Elvin chronicles the spread of the Chinese style of farming that eliminated elephant habitats; the destruction of most of the forests; the impacts of war on the landscape; and the re-engineering of the countryside through gigantic water-control systems. He documents the histories of three contrasting localities within China to show how ecological dynamics defined the lives of the inhabitants. And he shows that China in the eighteenth century was probably more environmentally degraded than northwestern Europe around this time. Indispensable for its new perspective on long-term Chinese history and its explanation of the roots of China’s present-day environmental crisis, this book opens a door into the Chinese past.
Download or read book Zealots for Souls written by Anne Huijbers and published by Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. This book was released on 2018-01-22 with total page 402 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Zealots for souls draws attention to the impact of the Observant reforms within the Order of Preachers, and ambitiously stirs up a broad scope of questions pertaining to the institutional narratives produced within the order between c. 1388 and 1517. Through the narratives and the forms of remembrance they fostered, the author traces the development of contemporary characteristics of the Dominican self-understanding. The book shows the fluid boundaries between the genres (order chronicles, convent chronicles, collective biographies), highlights the interplay between the narrative and the intended audience, addresses the complex question of authorship, and assesses the indebtedness of 'modern' (printed) narratives to older chronicles or biographical collections. The book demonstrates that the majority of the extant institutional narratives were written by Observant Dominicans, who strived for the internal reform of their order. They wrote history to justify their own reform agenda and therefore produced invariably partisan chronicles. The work's method is widely applicable and contributes to further reassessment of institutional narratives as sources for the analysis of religious and intellectual transformations.
Download or read book Empresses of Late Byzantium written by Petra Melichar and published by Peter Lang Gmbh, Internationaler Verlag Der Wissenschaften. This book was released on 2019 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The study presents the biographies of fifteen empresses in the period from 1261 to 1450. It also considers the selection of imperial brides and the rituals accompanying their arrival in Constantinople. Finally, the author inquires into these women's contributions to public, ritual, and ecclesiastical life and reflects on the seasons of their lives.
Download or read book Motivation and Agency written by Alfred R. Mele and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2003-01-02 with total page 279 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: What place does motivation have in the lives of intelligent agents? Mele's answer is sensitive to the concerns of philosophers of mind and moral philosophers and informed by empirical work. He offers a distinctive, comprehensive, attractive view of human agency. This book stands boldly at the intersection of philosophy of mind, moral philosophy, and metaphysics.
Download or read book Beyond the Feminization Thesis written by Patrick Pasture and published by Leuven University Press. This book was released on 2012 with total page 241 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Case studies upon the use of concepts like feminization and masculinization in relation to christianity. Since the 1970s the feminization thesis has become a powerful trope in the rewriting of the social history of Christendom. However, this 'thesis' has triggered some vehement debates, given that men have continued to dominate the churches, and the churches themselves have reacted to the association of religion and femininity, often formulated by their critics, by explicitly focusing their appeal to men. In this book the authors critically reflect upon the use of concepts like feminization and masculinization in relation to Christianity.
Download or read book The Ambivalence of the Sacred written by R. Scott Appleby and published by Rowman & Littlefield. This book was released on 2000 with total page 450 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This text explains what religious terrorists and religious peacemakers share in common and what causes them to take different paths in fighting injustice.
Download or read book A Military History of the Mediterranean Sea written by and published by BRILL. This book was released on 2018-05-07 with total page 489 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Mediterranean has always attracted the imagination of modern historians as the epicentre of great political entities, such as the Egyptians, Greeks, Romans, Arabs, Ottomans, Venetians, and Spanish. However, it seems that the sea itself was always on the margins of historical inquiry – at least, until the publication of the famous two-volume work by F. Braudel in 1949. This collection of essays aims to offer a vertical history of war in the Mediterranean Sea, from the early Middle Ages to the early modernity, putting the emphasis on the changing face of several different aspects and contexts of war over time. Contributors are Stephen Bennett, Stathis Birtachas, Cornel Bontea, Wayne H. Bowen, Lilia Campana, Raffaele D’Amato, Elina Gugliuzzo, Nikolaos Kanellopoulos, Savvas Kyriakides, Tilemachos Lounghis, Alan V. Murray, Chrysovalantis Papadamou, Jacopo Pessina, Philip Rance, Georgios Theotokis, Iason Tzouriadis, Ian Wilson, and Aysel Yildiz.
Download or read book Enthusiasm written by Susie I. Tucker and published by . This book was released on 1972 with total page 234 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Life as Theater written by Dennis Brissett and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2017-09-04 with total page 804 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Life as Theater is about understanding people and how the dramaturgical way of thinking helps or hinders such understanding. A volume that has deservedly attained the status of a landmark work, this was the first book to explore systematically the material and subject matter of social psychology from the dramaturgical viewpoint. It has been widely used and quoted, and has sparked ferment and debate in fields as diverse as sociology, psychology, anthropology, political science, speech communication, and formal theater studies.Life as Theater is organized around five substantive issues in social psychology: Social Relationships as Drama; The Dramaturgical Self; Motivation and Drama; Organizational Dramas; and Political Dramas. This classic text was revised and updated for a second edition in 1990, and includes approximately 66 percent new materials, all featuring individual introductions that provide the dramaturgical perspective and reflect the most learned thinking and work being done within this point of view. This book's sophistication will appeal to the scholar, and its clarity and conciseness to the student. Like its predecessor, it is designed to serve as a primary text or supplementary reader in classes. This new paperback edition includes an introduction by Robert A. Stebbins that explains why, even fifteen years after its publication,Life as Theater remains the best single sourcebook on the dramaturgic perspective as applied in the social sciences.
Download or read book History of the Adriatic written by Egidio Ivetic and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2022-05-27 with total page 311 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Adriatic is ‘the small Mediterranean’ – a sea within a sea, part of the Mediterranean and at the same time detached from it, a largely enclosed sea with stunning coastlines and a long history of commercial, political and cultural exchange. Silent witness to the flow of civilizations, the Adriatic is the meeting point of East and West where many empires had their frontiers and some overlapped. With Italy on one side and the Balkans on the other, the Adriatic is the area where the Latin West became intertwined with the Greek and Ottoman East. This book tells the history of the Adriatic from the first cultures of the Neolithic Age through to the present day. All of the great civilizations and cultures that bordered and crossed the Adriatic are discussed: Ancient Greece and Rome, Byzantium and the Holy Roman Empire, Venice and the Ottomans, Catholicism, Orthodox Christianity and Islam. Byzantium was replaced by Venice, queen of the Adriatic, which reached its zenith at the beginning of the sixteenth century and maintained commercial and military hegemony in its Gulf, sharing the sea with the Turks, the Habsburgs, the Pope and the Spanish vice-kingdom of Naples. It was Napoleon who ended Venice’s reign in 1797. In the nineteenth century, the Austrian Empire prevailed, and Central Europe reached the Mediterranean through the Adriatic. United Italy placed its most symbolic frontier in the eastern Adriatic, clashing with Austria-Hungary in the First World War. The twentieth century was marked by the prolonged conflicts and eventually peace between Yugoslavia, Albania and Italy. Today the Adriatic is a region increasingly integrated into the European Union, experiencing a new era of cooperation following the dramatic collapse of Yugoslavia. Across centuries, this book illustrates the rich cultural and artistic heritage of diverse civilizations as they left their mark on the cities, shores and states of the Adriatic.
Download or read book Religion und Gewalt written by Kaspar von Greyerz and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 440 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: English summary: This volume reinforces historical research as well as methodological reflections on the relationship between religion and violence in early modern Europe. A systematic look at the close link between violence and religion in the pre-modern world illustrates the problems of violence today and the transformations it underwent before our time. German description: Dem Zusammenhang von Religion und Gewalt in der Moderne ist die Geschichtswissenschaft der letzten Jahre systematisch nachgegangen. Fur die europaische Geschichte der Fruhen Neuzeit hingegen sind bisher nur Einzelfragen untersucht worden. Dieser Band bietet nun eine Reihe von Perspektiven auf religios motivierte, legitimierte oder gedeutete Gewalt im fruhneuzeitlichen Europa. Analysiert werden Phanomene wie das Martyrium, die fruhneuzeitlichen Religionskriege, die Rolle der Inquisition, militante religiose Lieder und andere symbolische Formen der Gewalt, konfessionelle Zwange durch Autoritaten sowie individuelle Erfahrungen und Deutungen von Gewalt. Mit der systematisierenden Zusammenschau dieses Bandes erhalt die historische Analyse religioser Gewalt im fruhneuzeitlichen Europa wichtige Impulse.
Download or read book Sacred Fury written by Charles Selengut and published by Rowman & Littlefield. This book was released on 2017-01-12 with total page 251 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: From ISIS attacks to the conflict between Israel and Palestine, Sacred Fury explores the connections between faith and violence in world religions. Author Charles Selengut looks at religion as both a force for peace and for violence, and he asks key questions such as how “religious” is this violence and what drives the faithful to attack in the names of their beliefs? Revised throughout, the third edition features new material on violence in Buddhism and Hinduism, the rise of ISIS, “lone wolf terrorists,” and more. This up-to-date edition draws on a variety of disciplines to comprehend forms of religious violence both historically and in the present day. The third edition of Sacred Fury is an essential resource for understanding the connections between faith and violence.
Download or read book The Oxford Handbook of Religion and Violence written by Mark Juergensmeyer and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2015-11 with total page 670 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Violence has always played a part in the religious imagination, from symbols and myths to legendary battles, from colossal wars to the theater of terrorism. The Oxford Handbook of Religion and Violence surveys intersections between religion and violence throughout history and around the world. The forty original essays in this volume include overviews of major religious traditions, showing how violence is justified within the literary and theological foundations of the tradition, how it is used symbolically and in ritual practice, and how social acts of violence and warfare have been justified by religious ideas. The essays also examine patterns and themes relating to religious violence, such as sacrifice and martyrdom, which are explored in cross-disciplinary or regional analyses; and offer major analytic approaches, from literary to social scientific studies. The contributors to this volume--innovative thinkers who are forging new directions in theory and analysis related to religion and violence--provide novel insights into this important field of studies. By mapping out the whole field of religion and violence, The Oxford Handbook of Religion and Violence will prove an authoritative source for students and scholars for years to come.
Download or read book The Price of Monotheism written by Jan Assmann and published by Stanford University Press. This book was released on 2009-10-29 with total page 203 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nothing has so radically transformed the world as the distinction between true and false religion. In this nuanced consideration of his own controversial Moses the Egyptian, renowned Egyptologist Jan Assmann answers his critics, extending and building upon ideas from his previous book. Maintaining that it was indeed the Moses of the Hebrew Bible who introduced the true-false distinction in a permanent and revolutionary form, Assmann reiterates that the price of this monotheistic revolution has been the exclusion, as paganism and heresy, of everything deemed incompatible with the truth it proclaims. This exclusion has exploded time and again into violence and persecution, with no end in sight. Here, for the first time, Assmann traces the repeated attempts that have been made to do away with this distinction since the early modern period. He explores at length the notions of primary versus secondary religions, of "counter-religions," and of book religions versus cultic religions. He also deals with the entry of ethics into religion's very core. Informed by the debate his own work has generated, he presents a compelling lesson in the fluidity of cultural identity and beliefs.
