Download or read book Deposition of Magnetite in High Temperature Boiler Environments written by Balaji Raman and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Suspended magnetite particles in boiler water may deposit in lower orifice headers in forced circulation boilers, impeding flow and causing inefficiencies, ultimately leading to overheating boiler tube failures. The surface charge and zeta potential developed by the suspended particles could be a driving factor in this process. To study the mechanism behind the deposition of suspended magnetite on stainless steel, laboratory-scale experiments were carried out under a range of standard boiler water chemistry, simulating fouling experienced in boiler units. A high-temperaturehigh-pressure electrophoretic deposition cell with provisions to test deposition on metal substrates has been developed. The trends in the deposition processes for the various chemistry were validated using visual observations, surface microscopy, and in situ electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). A three-electrode assembly design was developed to carry out the in situ electrochemical measurements in various boiler water environments. The experimental setup was successfully used to test boiler water chemistry at 300C (572F) and 10 MPa (1450 psi). The chemistry tested included all-volatile treatment (AVT; oxidizing and reducing using hydrazine), caustic treatment (CT), phosphate treatment (PT), and a filming amine (GE HRSG-02). In addition, the effect of particle size on the deposition process was studied. The experimental results have been explained using established principles of suspended oxide behavior in aqueous environments. The results indicated that the presence of suspended magnetite particles at a pH25C = 9.3, controlled by ammonium hydroxide, caused the particles to aggressively deposit on the stainless steel surface. On the other end of the AVT spectrum, when tested at pH25C = 9.8, no visually observable deposits were found on the surface of the steel. Operating close to the point of zero charge of magnetite at 300 C resulted in deposition and moving away from the point of zero charge mitigated deposition. In case of the caustic treatment and phosphate treatment, it was seen that the compression of the double layer due to the additional electrolytes in the system could influence the deposition process even when the pH of the system was away from the point of zero charge of magnetite at 300C. No significant influence of hydrazine was observed on the deposition of magnetite. Impedance spectroscopy was successfully used in these tests to identify in situ the cases where deposition occurred. The filming amine chemistry did not mitigate deposition completely, but the presence of the HRSG-02 affected the nature of deposits observed on the substrate. Macroscopically the substrate appeared to be covered with deposits and some darker regions. The results of the filming amine study point to possible interactions between the amine-substrate and amine-magnetite. Increasing the particle size distribution clearly showed a decrease in the deposition even though the boiler water chemistry was conducive for deposition. Although, controlling the particle size is not an option for utility boilers, these tests provide further insight into understanding deposition at high temperatures in boiler type environments. In addition to experimental results, the Derjaguin-Landau-Verwey-Overbeek (DLVO) theory has been used to model the behavior of the suspended particles under the AVT boiler water chemistry regime. The DLVO interaction energy curves and the calculated agglomeration probabilities support the experimental observations regarding the deposition of magnetite under the AVT regime. Such calculations can be extended to other treatment chemistries as well providing means to predict the behavior of suspended particles in boiler water. In summary, this study has clearly established a link between the solution chemistry at 300 C (572 F) to the deposition of magnetite on 304 SS. The results show that the zeta potential, which is influenced by the pH of the solution, could be the major factor dictating the susceptibility of deposition at these conditions. EIS was used successfully to establish that magnetite deposition results in high values (> 106 ) of the magnitude of the impedance. Although qualitative, this could provide valuable information when monitoring boilers and power plants for deposition. These results also proved the success of the experimental setup developed in this project for simulating the boiler environments of interest and for studying the deposition phenomena commonly faced in boilers. This study is a one of a kind study focusing purely on the particle attachment aspect of deposition across a wide range of boiler water treatment chemistries with the results supported by surface analyses, impedance spectroscopy and theoretical calculations.
Download or read book Electrochemical Engineering General Session written by V. Ramani and published by The Electrochemical Society. This book was released on 2015-07-29 with total page 65 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Practical Guide to Thermal Power Station Chemistry written by Soumitra Banerjee and published by Orange Books. This book was released on 2020-11-25 with total page 425 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book deals with the entire gamut of work which chemistry department of a power plant does. The book covers water chemistry, steam-water cycle chemistry, cooling water cycle chemistry, condensate polishing, stator water conditioning, coal analysis, water analysis procedures in great details. It is for all kinds of intake water and all types of boilers like Drum/Once-through for subcritical and supercritical technologies in different operating conditions including layup. It has also covered nuances of different cycle chemistry treatments like All Volatile / Oxygenated. One of the major reasons of generation loss in a thermal plant is because of boiler tube leakage. There is illustration and elucidation on this which will definitely make people more aware of the importance of adherence to strict quality parameters required for the adopted technology prescribed by well researched organization like EPRI. The other important coverage in this book is determination of quality of primary and secondary fuel which is very important to understand combustion in Boiler, apart from its commercial implication. The health analysis of Lubricants and hydraulic oil have also been adequately covered. I am very much impressed with the detailing of each and every issue. Though Soumitra refers the book as "Practical Guide", the reader will find complete theoretical background of suggested action and the rational of monitoring each parameter. He has detailed out the process, parameters, sampling points, sample frequency & collection methods, measurement techniques, laboratory set up and record keeping very meticulously and there is adequate emphasis on trouble shooting too. There is a nice blending of theory and practice in such a way that the reader at the end will not only learn what to do and how to do, he will also know why to do. I hope this book will be invaluable and a primer to every power plant chemist and the station management shall find it a bankable document to ensure best chemistry practices.
Download or read book Kirk Othmer Chemical Technology and the Environment 2 Volume Set written by Wiley and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2007-05-21 with total page 2597 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The two-volume reference work Chemical Technology and the Environment provides readers with knowledge on contemporary issues in environmental pollution, prevention and control, as well as regulatory, health and safety issues as related to chemical technology. It introduces and expands the knowledge on emerging "green" materials and processes and "greener" energy technology, as well as more general concepts and methodology including sustainable development and chemistry and green chemistry. Based on Wiley's renowned, Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology, this compact reference features the same breadth and quality of coverage and clarity of presentation found in the original.
Download or read book Growth of Magnetite on Steel in High Temperature Aqueous Environments written by M. J. Longster and published by . This book was released on 1970 with total page 208 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Environmental Deterioration of Materials written by A. Moncmanová and published by WIT Press. This book was released on 2007 with total page 337 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The increasing level of pollution in the environment not only harms the natural world, but also accelerates the deterioration and corrosion of materials used in technical work, as well as objects with historical or artistic value. It is impossible to eliminate the numerous sources of this negative effect, so there are currently increased efforts towards improved preservation, which require a thorough knowledge of the causes of the degradation of individual materials.This book deals with the fundamental principles underlying environmental degradation of widely-used and economically important construction materials such as metals, stone, brick, concrete, timber, cast iron, steel, copper alloys and aluminium. It features information on the methods of deterioration, as well as general information on the economic impact of the damaging processes, and offers some suggested fundamental protection techniques for buildings, industrial and agricultural facilities, monuments and culturally important structures.This book will be of interest to materials and corrosion engineering experts, civil and environmental engineers, students and practicing professionals, designers, architects and restoration engineers. It will also be a useful tool for managers from various sectors of industry, for auditors of environmental management systems, and it can be used as a complementary course book for university students.
Download or read book Environmental Degradation of Metals written by U.K. Chatterjee and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2001-03-02 with total page 518 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This highly practical reference presents for the first time in a single volume all types of environmental degradation a metallic compound may undergo during its processing, storage, and service. Clarifying general and localized corrosion effects, Environmental Degradation of Metals describes the effects of atmospheric exposure, high-temperature gases, soil, water, weak and strong chemicals, liquid metals, and nuclear radiation. It determines whether corrosion can occur under a given set of conditions, shows how improvements in component design can reduce corrosion, and details the high- and low-temperature effects of oxidizing agents. The book also investigates the instantaneous and delayed failure of solid metal in contact with liquid metal, highlights the influence of hydrogen on metal, and profiles radiation effects on metal.
Download or read book High Temperature Corrosion written by Anand S Khanna and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2016-04-07 with total page 305 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This invaluable book reviews the state of the art of high temperature related problems pertaining to their utility, microstructure, mechanical properties, actual behavior in different environments, their protection by various kinds of coatings at high temperatures and a new concept of nanomaterials at high temperatures.The book begins with fundamentals of oxidation and corrosion. Various concepts relating to the modification or deterioration of mechanical properties when material is exposed to an aggressive environment compared to an inert environment or vacuum are also covered. Other chapters highlight the behavior of various advanced materials to high temperature conditions, an important high temperature effect called Active Element Effect, and many high temperature coatings and their behavior.Written by world-renowned authors in their own field, this book will be useful for professionals and academics in materials science and nanoscience.
Download or read book Growth of magnetite on steel in high temperature aqueous environments thesis written by Michael Joseph Longster and published by . This book was released on 1970 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book High Temperature Corrosion written by César A. C. Sequeira and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2019-01-23 with total page 656 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Reviews the science and engineering of high-temperature corrosion and provides guidelines for selecting the best materials for an array of system processes High-temperature corrosion (HTC) is a widespread problem in an array of industries, including power generation, aerospace, automotive, and mineral and chemical processing, to name a few. This book provides engineers, physicists, and chemists with a balanced presentation of all relevant basic science and engineering aspects of high-temperature corrosion. It covers most HTC types, including oxidation, sulfidation, nitridation, molten salts, fuel-ash corrosion, H2S/H2 corrosion, molten fluoride/HF corrosion, and carburization. It also provides corrosion data essential for making the appropriate choices of candidate materials for high-temperature service in process conditions. A form of corrosion that does not require the presence of liquids, high-temperature corrosion occurs due to the interaction at high temperatures of gases, liquids, or solids with materials. HTC is a subject is of increasing importance in many areas of science and engineering, and students, researchers, and engineers need to be aware of the nature of the processes that occur in high-temperature materials and equipment in common use today, especially in the chemical, gas, petroleum, electric power, metal manufacturing, automotive, and nuclear industries. Provides engineers and scientists with the essential data needed to make the most informed decisions on materials selection Includes up-to-date information accompanied by more than 1,000 references, 80% of which from within the past fifteen years Includes details on systems of critical engineering importance, especially the corrosion induced by low-energy radionuclides Includes practical guidelines for testing and research in HTC, along with both the European and International Standards for high-temperature corrosion engineering Offering balanced, in-depth coverage of the fundamental science behind and engineering of HTC, High Temperature Corrosion: Fundamentals and Engineering is a valuable resource for academic researchers, students, and professionals in the material sciences, solid state physics, solid state chemistry, electrochemistry, metallurgy, and mechanical, chemical, and structural engineers.
Download or read book Proceedings written by R. Barry Dooley and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 772 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Environmental Degradation of High Temperature Materials written by Institution of Metallurgists (Great Britain). Younger Metallurgists Committee and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page 158 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Paper written by and published by . This book was released on 1968 with total page 496 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Shreir s Corrosion written by and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2009-02-27 with total page 3652 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This four-volume reference work builds upon the success of past editions of Elsevier’s Corrosion title (by Shreir, Jarman, and Burstein), covering the range of innovations and applications that have emerged in the years since its publication. Developed in partnership with experts from the Corrosion and Protection Centre at the University of Manchester, Shreir’s Corrosion meets the research and productivity needs of engineers, consultants, and researchers alike. Incorporates coverage of all aspects of the corrosion phenomenon, from the science behind corrosion of metallic and non-metallic materials in liquids and gases to the management of corrosion in specific industries and applications Features cutting-edge topics such as medical applications, metal matrix composites, and corrosion modeling Covers the benefits and limitations of techniques from scanning probes to electrochemical noise and impedance spectroscopy
Download or read book Handbook of Environmental Degradation of Materials written by Myer Kutz and published by William Andrew. This book was released on 2018-06-15 with total page 686 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Handbook of Environmental Degradation of Materials, Third Edition, explains how to measure, analyze and control environmental degradation for a wide range of industrial materials, including metals, polymers, ceramics, concrete, wood and textiles exposed to environmental factors, such as weather, seawater, and fire. This updated edition divides the material into four new sections, Analysis and Testing, Types of Degradation, Protective Measures and Surface Engineering, then concluding with Case Studies. New chapters include topics on Hydrogen Permeation and Hydrogen Induced Cracking, Weathering of Plastics, the Environmental Degradation of Ceramics and Advanced Materials, Antimicrobial Layers, Coatings, and the Corrosion of Pipes in Drinking Water Systems. Expert contributors to this book provide a wealth of insider knowledge and engineering expertise that complements their explanations and advice. Case Studies from areas such as pipelines, tankers, packaging and chemical processing equipment ensure that the reader understands the practical measures that can be put in place to save money, lives and the environment. - Introduces the reader to the effects of environmental degradation on a wide range of materials, including metals, plastics, concrete, wood and textiles - Describes the kind of degradation that effects each material and how best to protect it - Includes case studies that show how organizations, from small consulting firms, to corporate giants design and manufacture products that are more resistant to environmental effects
Download or read book Mechanisms of Magnetite Deposition in Pressurized Boiling and Non boiling Water written by Chalk River Nuclear Laboratories. System Chemistry and Corrosion and published by Chalk River, Ont. : System Chemistry and Corrosion Branch, Chalk River Laboratories. This book was released on 1994 with total page 11 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Current Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 84 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
