Download or read book Dependence of Vesicular Stomatitis Virus Polymerase Function on Structural Flexibility and Domain domain Interactions written by John Barragan Ruedas and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 89 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Gene expression and replication of nonsegmented negative strand (NNS) RNA viruses is performed by an RNA-dependent RNA polymerase. The polymerase large (L) protein catalyzes all functions including addition of a cap 1 (m7GpppNm) structure on nascent transcripts. Alignment studies show L proteins are modular consistent with a multi-domain protein. Reports of L functions being coupled suggest orchestrated interactions among its domains occur however specific domain interactions have not been experimentally confirmed. At the start of this dissertation virtually no structural information was known for NNS L proteins other than an EGFP-tolerant hinge region just upstream of a methyltransferase domain was discovered in the measles L protein. This dissertation shows a homologous hinge region is also present in the NNS prototype vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) L protein and aims to gain fundamental insight into putative interactions involving domains near this hinge. Insertion of EGFP in VSV L produced a temperature sensitive polymerase in minigenome assays with minimal effects at 33°C but severe attenuation of RNA synthesis at 37°C. This phenotype was also observed in engineered recombinant virus encoding this modified polymerase. Moreover, this virus exhibited an inability to synthesize transcripts in vitro. The specific effect on RNA synthesis led to the proposal here that the insert restricts hinge movement thus impeding critical domain interactions. Four domains adjacent to the hinge were exchanged with VSV serotype counterparts to determine the effect on polymerase function. Exchanging the methyltransferase domain had no impact on L functions in minigenome assays and recombinant virus indicating it enjoyed a degree of autonomy. Exchange of the other domains however abolished RNA synthesis showing polymerase activity depends heavily on peptide sequences in these domains, supporting a model of interaction between these domains and other polymerase components. Combination exchanges of all four domains also yielded polymerase inactivity with one exception. Co-exchange of the methyltransferase and adjacent C-terminal domain partially rescued a defect that occurred by exchanging the C-terminal domain alone. This combination rescued replication activity substantially more than transcription (avg. 67% and 13%, respectively) providing evidence of an essential domain-domain interaction for RNA synthesis that is more favorable for replication.
Download or read book Structure and Physics of Viruses written by Mauricio G. Mateu and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-06-04 with total page 734 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book contemplates the structure, dynamics and physics of virus particles: From the moment they come into existence by self-assembly from viral components produced in the infected cell, through their extracellular stage, until they recognise and infect a new host cell and cease to exist by losing their physical integrity to start a new infectious cycle. (Bio)physical techniques used to study the structure of virus particles and components, and some applications of structure-based studies of viruses are also contemplated. This book is aimed first at M.Sc. students, Ph.D. students and postdoctoral researchers with a university degree in biology, chemistry, physics or related scientific disciplines who share an interest or are actually working on viruses. We have aimed also at providing an updated account of many important concepts, techniques, studies and applications in structural and physical virology for established scientists working on viruses, irrespective of their physical, chemical or biological background and their field of expertise. We have not attempted to provide a collection of for-experts-only reviews focused mainly on the latest research in specific topics; we have not generally assumed that the reader knows all of the jargon and all but the most recent and advanced results in each topic dealt with in this book. In short, we have attempted to write a book basic enough to be useful to M.Sc and Ph.D. students, as well as advanced and current enough to be useful to senior scientists with an interest in Structural and/or Physical Virology.
Download or read book Measles Virus Nucleoprotein written by Sonia Longhi and published by Nova Publishers. This book was released on 2007 with total page 180 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Measles virus possesses a non segmented, single stranded, negative sense RNA genome that is encapsidated by the nucleoprotein to form a helical nucleocapsid. This ribonucleoproteic complex is the substrate for both transcription and replication. The RNA-dependent RNA polymerase binds to the nucleocapsid template via its co-factor, the phosphoprotein. This book focuses on the main structural information available on the nucleoprotein, showing that it consists of a structured core (NCORE) and of an intrinsically disordered C-terminal domain (NTAIL). The functional implications of the disordered nature of NTAIL are discussed in light of the ability of disordered regions to establish interactions with multiple partners, thus leading to multiple biological effects. Indeed, beyond the phosphoprotein, NTAIL also interacts with cellular partners, including the major heat shock protein, hsp72, the interferon regulator factor 3, IRF3, and a yet unidentified cellular receptor referred to as NR. This book consists of two chapters devoted to the general functions of the nucleoprotein in transcription and replication and to a detailed overview of its structural properties, and of three chapters focused on the functional relevance of the interaction between NTAIL and its various intracellular and extracellular partners.
Download or read book Flexible Viruses written by Vladimir Uversky and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2012-02-07 with total page 532 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides up-to-date information on experimental and computational characterization of the structural and functional properties of viral proteins, which are widely involved in regulatory and signaling processes. With chapters by leading research groups, it features current information on the structural and functional roles of intrinsic disorders in viral proteomes. It systematically addresses the measles, HIV, influenza, potato virus, forest virus, bovine virus, hepatitis, and rotavirus as well as viral genomics. After analyzing the unique features of each class of viral proteins, future directions for research and disease management are presented.
Download or read book Cumulated Index Medicus written by and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 1860 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Viral Molecular Machines written by Michael G. Rossmann and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-02-02 with total page 685 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book will contain a series of solicited chapters that concern with the molecular machines required by viruses to perform various essential functions of virus life cycle. The first three chapters (Introduction, Molecular Machines and Virus Architecture) introduce the reader to the best known molecular machines and to the structure of viruses. The remainder of the book will examine in detail various stages of the viral life cycle. Beginning with the viral entry into a host cell, the book takes the reader through replication of the genome, synthesis and assembly of viral structural components, genome packaging and maturation into an infectious virion. Each chapter will describe the components of the respective machine in molecular or atomic detail, genetic and biochemical analyses, and mechanism. Topics are carefully selected so that the reader is exposed to systems where there is a substantial infusion of new knowledge in recent years, which greatly elevated the fundamental mechanistic understanding of the respective molecular machine. The authors will be encouraged to simplify the detailed knowledge to basic concepts, include provocative new ideas, as well as design colorful graphics, thus making the cutting-edge information accessible to broad audience.
Download or read book Biology And Pathogenesis Of Rhabdo And Filoviruses written by Asit K Pattnaik and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2014-12-30 with total page 638 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Rhabdoviruses and Filoviruses are single-stranded, non-segmented, negative-strand RNA viruses, many of which cause significant morbidity and mortality in humans and animals. Certain members of these virus families have been used as excellent model systems to understand the molecular biology of replication, host responses to infections, and viral countermeasures. Rhabdoviruses have also been used as vaccine vectors as well as oncolytic agents.Studies on Filoviruses have now provided significant insights into how they enter susceptible cells, replicate and cause disease, and also how they evade the host's immune mechanisms. This book addresses the most recent findings on Rhabdovirus and Filovirus structure, replication mechanisms, host cell responses to virus infections and viral countermeasures. Chapters on emerging viruses as well as approaches for therapeutic interventions have also been included.This book represents an authoritative text that brings together the most recent advances on the cellular and molecular biology of Rhabdo- and Filoviruses, including mechanisms of pathogenesis.
Download or read book Virus Protein and Nucleoprotein Complexes written by J. Robin Harris and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-06-13 with total page 443 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Subcellular Biochemistry series has recently embarked upon an almost encyclopaedic coverage of topics relating to the structure and function of macromolecular complexes (Volumes 82, 83 and 87). The present multi-author text covers numerous aspects of current research into molecular virology, with emphasis upon viral protein and nucleoprotein structure and function. Structural data from cryo-electron microscopy and X-ray crystallography is displayed throughout the book. The 17 chapters in the book cover diverse interesting topics, all currently under investigation, contributed by authors who are active actively involved in present-day research. Whilst structural aspects predominate, there is much consideration of the structure-function relationship. In addition, the book correlates with and extends from Volume 68 of the series “Structure and Physics of Viruses: An Integrated Textbook”. This book is directed primarily at professionals that work in the broad field of Structural Biology and will be of particular interest to Structural Virologists. The editors, David Bhella and Robin Harris, have much experience in virology and protein structure, respectively. Dr Bhella is Director of the Scottish Macromolecular Imaging Centre. Professor Robin Harris is the long-standing Series Editor of the Subcellular Biochemistry series. He has edited and contributed to several books in the series.
Download or read book Essential Human Virology written by Jennifer Louten and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2022-05-28 with total page 412 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Essential Human Virology, Second Edition focuses on the structure and classification of viruses, virus transmission and virus replication strategies based upon type of viral nucleic acid. Several chapters focus on notable and recognizable viruses and the diseases caused by them, including influenza, HIV, hepatitis viruses, poliovirus, herpesviruses and emerging and dangerous viruses. Additionally, how viruses cause disease (pathogenesis) is highlighted, along with discussions on immune response to viruses, vaccines, anti-viral drugs, gene therapy, the beneficial uses of viruses, research laboratory assays and viral diagnosis assays. Fully revised and updated with new chapters on coronaviruses, nonliving infectious agents, and notable non-human viruses, the book provides students with a solid foundation in virology. - Focuses on human diseases and the cellular pathology that viruses cause - Highlights current and cutting-edge technology and associated issues - Presents real case studies and current news highlights in each chapter - Features dynamic illustrations, chapter assessment questions, key terms, and a summary of concepts, as well as an instructor website with lecture slides, a test bank and recommended activities - Updated and revised, with new chapters on coronaviruses, nonliving infectious agents, and notable non-human viruses
Download or read book Rhabdoviruses written by David H. L. Bishop and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 205 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "The goal of this book series has been to provide an overview of rhabdovirology as a whole (including an appraisal of current research findings), suitable for students, teachers, and, research workers. To realize this goal many of the research leaders in the different disciplines of rhabdovirology were asked to contribute chapters."--Provided by publisher.
Download or read book Structure and Dynamics of Confined Polymers written by John J. Kasianowicz and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2002-07-31 with total page 46 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Polymers are essential to biology because they can have enough stable degrees of freedom to store the molecular code of heredity and to express the sequences needed to manufacture new molecules. Through these they perform or control virtually every function in life. Although some biopolymers are created and spend their entire career in the relatively large free space inside cells or organelles, many biopolymers must migrate through a narrow passageway to get to their targeted destination. This suggests the questions: How does confining a polymer affect its behavior and function? What does that tell us about the interactions between the monomers that comprise the polymer and the molecules that confine it? Can we design and build devices that mimic the functions of these nanoscale systems? The NATO Advanced Research Workshop brought together for four days in Bikal, Hungary over forty experts in experimental and theoretical biophysics, molecular biology, biophysical chemistry, and biochemistry interested in these questions. Their papers collected in this book provide insight on biological processes involving confinement and form a basis for new biotechnological applications using polymers. In his paper Edmund DiMarzio asks: What is so special about polymers? Why are polymers so prevalent in living things? The chemist says the reason is that a protein made of N amino acids can have any of 20 different kinds at each position along the chain, resulting in 20 N different polymers, and that the complexity of life lies in this variety.
Download or read book Current Issues in Molecular Virology written by Victor Romanowski and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2013-11-20 with total page 297 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is a collection of chapters dealing with examples of RNA and DNA viruses, and issues such as how these gene packages have learnt to take advantage of their hosts, molecular recognition events that hosts may use to counterattack the viruses, and how researchers have developed strategies to use viruses or their parts as tools for different purposes.
Download or read book Viral Polymerases written by Satya Prakash Gupta and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2018-10-29 with total page 498 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Viral Polymerases: Structures, Functions and Roles as Antiviral Drug Targets presents in-depth study information on the structure and functions of polymerases and their roles in the lifecycle of viruses, and as drug targets. Viral polymerases constitute a vital component in the lifecycle of many viruses, such as human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis viruses, influenza virus, and several others. They are essentially required for the replication of viruses. Thus, the polymerases that can be found in viruses (called viral polymerases) represent favorable targets for the design and development of antiviral drugs. - Provides comprehensive, state-of-the-art coverage on virus infections, the virus lifecycle, and mechanisms of polymerase inhibition - Analyzes the structure-activity relationships of inhibitors of each viral polymerase - Presents a consistent and comprehensive coverage of all aspects of viral polymerases, including structure, function and their role as antiviral drug targets
Download or read book Viruses Essential Agents of Life written by Günther Witzany and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-11-13 with total page 432 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A renaissance of virus research is taking centre stage in biology. Empirical data from the last decade indicate the important roles of viruses, both in the evolution of all life and as symbionts of host organisms. There is increasing evidence that all cellular life is colonized by exogenous and/or endogenous viruses in a non-lytic but persistent lifestyle. Viruses and viral parts form the most numerous genetic matter on this planet.
Download or read book Lipid Domains written by and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2015-06-08 with total page 393 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Current Topics in Membranes is targeted toward scientists and researchers in biochemistry and molecular and cellular biology, providing the necessary membrane research to assist them in discovering the current state of a particular field and in learning where that field is heading. This volume offers an up to date presentation of current knowledge in the field of Lipid Domains. - Written by leading experts - Contains original material, both textual and illustrative, that should become a very relevant reference material - The material is presented in a very comprehensive manner - Both researchers in the field and general readers should find relevant and up-to-date information
Download or read book Oncoimmunology written by Laurence Zitvogel and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-12-13 with total page 700 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this book, leading experts in cancer immunotherapy join forces to provide a comprehensive guide that sets out the main principles of oncoimmunology and examines the latest advances and their implications for clinical practice, focusing in particular on drugs with FDA/EMA approvals and breakthrough status. The aim is to deliver a landmark educational tool that will serve as the definitive reference for MD and PhD students while also meeting the needs of established researchers and healthcare professionals. Immunotherapy-based approaches are now inducing long-lasting clinical responses across multiple histological types of neoplasia, in previously difficult-to-treat metastatic cancers. The future challenges for oncologists are to understand and exploit the cellular and molecular components of complex immune networks, to optimize combinatorial regimens, to avoid immune-related side effects, and to plan immunomonitoring studies for biomarker discovery. The editors hope that this book will guide future and established health professionals toward the effective application of cancer immunology and immunotherapy and contribute significantly to further progress in the field.
Download or read book Desk Encyclopedia of Microbiology written by Moselio Schaechter and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2010-04-19 with total page 1277 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Desk Encyclopedia of Microbiology, Second Edition is a single-volume comprehensive guide to microbiology for the advanced reader. Derived from the six volume e-only Encyclopedia of Microbiology, Third Edition, it bridges the gap between introductory texts and specialized reviews. Covering topics ranging from the basic science of microbiology to the current "hot" topics in the field, it will be invaluable for obtaining background information on a broad range of microbiological topics, preparing lectures and preparing grant applications and reports. - The most comprehensive single-volume source providing an overview of microbiology to non-specialists - Bridges the gap between introductory texts and specialized reviews - Provides concise and general overviews of important topics within the field making it a helpful resource when preparing for lectures, writing reports, or drafting grant applications
