Download or read book ETA s Terrorist Campaign written by Rafael Leonisio and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2016-07-28 with total page 254 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book analyses the rise and decline of the Basque terrorist group Euskadi Ta Askatasuna (ETA, Basque Homeland and Freedom). ETA declared a unilateral ceasefire in November 2011, bringing to a close a campaign of political violence that started in the late 1960s. By the beginning of the twenty-first century, the overwhelming majority of secession supporters agreed that an independent Basque homeland would be realised through ‘ballots’ and not ‘bullets’. Providing an inter-disciplinary overview of radical Basque nationalism that pays special attention to the drivers for ETA’s decline, defeat and disbandment, this book includes chapters by historians, political scientists and sociologists who offer three important theoretical and empirical contributions to the literature on nationhood and security studies. Firstly the book re-assesses the military conflict that opposed ETA and the Spanish state, by paying special attention to tactical and strategic considerations as well as the counter-terrorist policy itself. Secondly it provides an original interpretation of the politics of fear which surrounded the process of victimization, as well as assessing the extent to which the issue of violence led to the polarisation of citizens. Thirdly the authors examine the historical narratives and rituals that contributed to the production and reproduction of identity binaries and memories of war. Arguing that the defeat of ETA must be contextualised within the strategic evolution of Basque nationalism, the declining resonance of the radical message and the effectiveness of the Spanish counter-terrorist effort, this book is essential reading for students and scholars working in the areas of European politics, nationalism and terrorism studies.
Download or read book Endgame for ETA written by Teresa Whitfield and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2014-07-01 with total page 437 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The violent Basque separatist group ETA took shape in Franco's Spain, yet claimed the majority of its victims under democracy. For most Spaniards it became an aberration, a criminal and terrorist band whose persistence defied explanation. Others, mainly Basques (but only some Basques) understood ETA as the violent expression of a political conflict that remained the unfinished business of Spain's transition to democracy. Such differences hindered efforts to 'defeat' ETA's terrorism on the one hand and 'resolve the Basque conflict' on the other for more than three decades. Endgame for ETA offers a compelling account of the long path to ETA's declaration of a definitive end to its armed activity in October 2011. Its political surrogates remain as part of a resurgence of regional nationalism - in the Basque Country as in Catalonia - that is but one element of multiple crises confronting Spain. The Basque case has been cited as an ex- ample of the perils of 'talking to terrorists'. Drawing on extensive field research, Teresa Whitfield argues that while negotiations did not prosper, a form of 'virtual peacemaking' was an essential complement to robust police action and social condemnation. Together they helped to bring ETA's violence to an end and return its grievances to the channels of normal politics.
Download or read book Ending ETA s Armed Campaign written by Imanol Murua and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2016-11-10 with total page 257 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book explains how and why the Basque separatist armed group ETA decided to end its armed campaign against the Spanish state. The ETA’s armed campaign for Basque independence lasted fifty years and led to more than 800 casualties. This book analyzes the factors that led to ETA ending its campaign of violence in 2011, despite having yet to achieve its political objectives. It explains how the Basque pro-independence movement’s political leadership won an internal battle and brought ETA to a position in which abandoning violence was the only feasible choice. The work argues that the key factor leading to the cessation of violence was the loss of support for armed struggle within the pro-independence social base, and it examines why and how that support decreased so decisively. Written by a former journalist, the narrative is based on more than 30 interviews, including former members of ETA, Spanish judges, former ministers of the Spanish government, political leaders of all Basque political parties—from the Nationalist Left to the Partido Popular (PP)—and international mediators. As such, it is the first book to recount in detail the inside story of the internal struggle within the Nationalist Left movement, and particularly between the political party Batasuna and ETA. This book will be of much interest to students of political violence, ethnic conflict, nationalism, Spanish politics, security studies, and IR.
Download or read book Making Sense of Suicide Missions written by Diego Gambetta and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2006-09-21 with total page 430 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Suicide attacks are a defining act of political violence and an extraordinary social phenomenon. This book investigates the organizers of suicide missions and the perpetrators alike"--Provided by publisher.
Download or read book Dentro de ETA written by Florencio Domínguez Iribarren and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 316 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: La entrada en la clandestinidad. Bajo el signo de la sospecha. De la sospecha a la locura. Tiempo de espera. Las fugas virtuales. El exilio lejano e indisciplinado. El dia de la duda. La otra cara del terrorismo. Los manguitos y la capucha. La rutina de los jefes. El poder de administrar el miedo. Ante el espejo de la muerte.
Download or read book Ethnicity and Violence written by Diego Muro and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2013-05-13 with total page 267 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a genealogy of radical Basque nationalism and the means by which this complex, often violent, political movement has reinforced Basque identity. Radical nationalists are mobilized by a shared frame of reference where ethnicity and violence are intertwined in a nostalgic recreation of a golden age and a quasi-religious imperative to restore that distant past. Muro critically examines the origins of the ethno-nationalist conflict and provides a comprehensive examination of Euskadi Ta Askatusana’s (ETA) violent campaign. The book analyzes the interplay of ethnicity and violence and stresses the role of inherited myths, memories, and cultural symbols to explain the ability of radical Basque nationalism to endure.
Download or read book Volatile Social Movements and the Origins of Terrorism written by Christine Sixta Rinehart and published by Rowman & Littlefield. This book was released on 2013 with total page 167 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Although many scholars have studied terrorism, few scholars have ever studied terrorism from the aspect of its initial origins in social movements. Not only is research concerning this phenomenon outdated, but there has also been no consensus as to what causes terrorism. Many contemporary terrorist organizations were once social movements that formed for a specific purpose using nonviolent tactics to accomplish their agenda. Eventually, terrorist tactics became the method of choice for these once peaceful social movements. Volatile Social Movements and the Origins of Terrorism: The Radicalization of Change, by Christine Sixta Rinehart, focuses on why this transition occurred; why did a peaceful social movement transition to a terrorist organization? The case studies in this book include the Muslim Brotherhood, the ETA, the FARC, and the LTTE. The study focuses on the individual characteristics, group dynamics, and external forces that caused social movements to use terrorist tactics. It is ascertained who made the decision to use terrorism, and why and how that person or group of people ascended to a leadership position within the social movement. After the (person) people, time, and place are found pertaining to the first decision to use terrorism, Sixta Rinehart examines why terrorism became an attractive option for each social movement. Volatile Social Movements and the Origins of Terrorism asks a necessary question for scholars and researchers in counterterrorism and international policy: Under what conditions do social movements resort to the use of terrorist tactics?
Download or read book Vidas rotas written by Rogelio Alonso and published by Grupo Planeta Spain. This book was released on 2011-08-05 with total page 1310 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Un impresionante volumen que reúne por primera vez la historia de todas y cada una de las personas asesinadas por el terrorismo de ETA. Todos los beneficios derivados de la venta de este libro irán destinados a la Fundación Víctimas del Terrorismo. Fruto de una exhaustiva investigación de seis años de duración, Vidas rotas recoge la historia y semblanzas de los 857 seres humanos víctimas del terrorismo etarra a lo largo de los últimos 50 años, las circunstancias en las que fueron asesinados, los testimonios de sus allegados y seres queridos, así como las identidades de los terroristas condenados por estas muertes y las sentencias recibidas. Estas páginas conforman un impactante relato repleto de humanidad en el que, a través de una intensa labor de documentación, se evoca la abominable historia de persecución y sufrimiento de todos los hombres, mujeres y niños asesinados por ETA. Como dice en la introducción del libro Fernando García de Cortázar, Director de la Fundación Dos de Mayo, Nación y Libertad, "Defender a las víctimas del terrorismo es, en España, defender a las víctimas de una idea de la civilización y de una idea de la nación". Y con este planteamiento han abordado sus autores la obra, con la intención confesa de deslegitimar los ideales y los medios de una organización terrorista que ha privado de libertad a hombres y mujeres despreciados por un grupo de asesinos que a través del crimen han intentado imponer sus objetivos políticos a toda una nación. A pesar de la ingente cantidad de publicaciones sobre ETA, nunca antes se había abordado el fenómeno terrorista en el País Vasco con esta minuciosidad desde la perspectiva de las propias víctimas del terrorismo. La secuencia cronológica de todas y cada una de las muertes causadas por ETA permite comprender en su plenitud el tremendo coste humano y político del terrorismo en España. Esta obra representa un emotivo homenaje a los asesinados por ETA, así como a todas las personas que fueron objetivo de la organización terrorista y que sobrevivieron a atroces atentados, merecedoras todas ellas de una digna consideración que en ocasiones no han recibido. Vidas rotas evoca la memoria de las víctimas del terrorismo al tiempo que reconstruye las experiencias de acoso e intimidación sufridas por miles de ciudadanos amenazados por ETA. Muestra además la evolución de la sociedad española en su combate contra el terrorismo, revelando el significado político de las víctimas de un grupo terrorista que ha desafiado a nuestra democracia al intentar imponer por la fuerza sus objetivos políticos nacionalistas. El análisis estadístico de las pautas de victimización de ETA y de las estrategias de selección de sus víctimas, así como de las características personales y profesionales de todas y cada una de ellas, hacen de ésta una obra de referencia indispensable para periodistas, historiadores y politólogos. Es asimismo una obra imprescindible para cualquier ciudadano que desee conocer el brutal impacto que sobre nuestra nación han tenido la violencia y la conculcación de los derechos humanos de las víctimas del terrorismo.
Download or read book Radical Basque Nationalist Irish Republican Relations written by Niall Cullen and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2023-12-14 with total page 373 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume explains the genesis and development of the nexus between radical Basque nationalists and Irish republicans, how they have learnt from each other historically, and how they have utilised this relationship, at times, to their benefit. From medieval tales of shared origins to the violent conflicts largely wrought by ETA and the IRA, the Basque Country and Ireland have long been associated in popular imagination. Despite this, little is known of historical Basque-Irish relations and, in particular, the web of party-political, military and social movement connections between radical Basque nationalists and Irish republicans since the Irish Revolutionary Period (1916–23). Drawing on extensive archival research undertaken in Spain, Ireland and the UK, and more than 70 interviews conducted with politicians, former paramilitaries and grassroots activists, this is the first study to comprehensively document and analyse the emergence, evolution and implications of this mythified transnational relationship. Radical Basque Nationalist-Irish Republican Relations: A History will appeal to students and scholars of Irish republicanism, Basque nationalism, terrorism studies and social movements studies, as well as those interested in the contemporary history of Western Europe’s two most volatile regions.
Download or read book Las conexiones de ETA en Am rica written by Florencio Domínguez Iribarren and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 316 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Desde los años setenta hasta la actualidad, la presencia de activistas etarras en América Latina ha sido constante. Y lo ha sido de diversas maneras: allí se han instalado pistoleros de la banda huyendo de la presión policial en España o Francia, allí han llegado deportados por los gobiernos de estos dos países, allí se han refugiado activistas que pretendían dejar las armas y rehacer su vida y otros que tan sólo buscaban un refugio temporal antes de volver a la lucha armada. Los primeros miembros de ETA llegaron al continente en la década de 1970 y se establecieron crecientes colonias en México y Venezuela, pero con el tiempo las ramificaciones se ampliaron a otros países como Nicaragua, Cuba, Uruguay... Y en esos países los etarras han ido tejiendo una red de relaciones e intereses con grupos guerrilleros y con algunos gobiernos revolucionarios, se han entrenado y han impartido cursillos a guerrillas locales, han buscado financiación y protección y hasta han participado en algún secuestro. Florencio Domínguez, doctor en Comunicación Pública por la Universidad de Navarra, es redactor jefe de la agencia Vasco Press y columnista de La Vanguardia, El Correo y Diario de Navarra. Es uno de los periodistas que más a fondo ha analizado el fenómeno de ETA, su historia y sus ramificaciones. Entre los libros que ha dedicado a la organización terrorista destacan De la negociación a la tregua. ¿El final de ETA?", Dentro de ETA. La vida diaria de los terroristas, Las raíces del miedo, ETA en Cataluña, Josu Ternera, una vida en ETA y Vidas rotas
Download or read book Enciclopedia de Ling stica Hisp nica written by Javier Gutiérrez-Rexach and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2016-01-29 with total page 1774 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Enciclopedia de Linguistica Hispánica provides comprehensive coverage of the major and subsidiary fields of Spanish linguistics. Entries are extensively cross-referenced and arranged alphabetically within three main sections: Part 1 covers linguistic disciplines, approaches and methodologies. Part 2 brings together the grammar of Spanish, including subsections on phonology, morphology, syntax and semantics. Part 3 brings together the historical, social and geographical factors in the evolution of Spanish. Drawing on the expertise of a wide range of contributors from across the Spanish-speaking world the Enciclopedia de Linguistica Hispánica is an indispensable reference for undergraduate and postgraduate students of Spanish, and for anyone with an academic or professional interest in the Spanish language/Spanish linguistics.
Download or read book Violence Politics and Religion written by Sergio García-Magariño and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2024-04-30 with total page 172 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book offers a general theory of violent radicalization and uses case studies from a variety of different countries and groups to illustrate this. The first and fundamental objective of the book is to provide an explanatory framework to understand phenomena related to violent radicalization, deradicalization, the prevention of radicalization and to political violence; in particular, that inspired by religion. The second objective follows from the first. Understanding violent radicalization of religious inspiration implies delving into two key concepts: violent radicalization and religion. This second objective is indeed elusive, since, on the one hand, many liberal democracies have undergone processes of secularization or, at least, have lost interest in examining religion in public debates. Therefore, rigorously exploring social problems where religion seems to be involved, in one way or another, is complicated. Moreover, the notion of violent radicalization, in turn, is highly contested and confused with other ideas, such as polarization, extremism, terrorism or nonviolent radicalization. Finally, the book aims to bring theory into dialogue with empirical phenomena, and to test it against concrete cases related to violent radicalization and its prevention, on the one hand, and religion, on the other. The book’s originality comes from both its innovative, methodological approach and its breadth, with cases from several countries (Spain, the United States, Ireland, India, Israel, Russia and Colombia) and different ideological groups (revolutionary communists, nationalist movements, Jihadist groups, white and black supremacists). This book will be of much interest to students of terrorism and political violence, radicalization, sociology and international relations in general.
Download or read book Los Zetas written by ,Yanki and published by Christian Faith Publishing, Inc.. This book was released on 2022-08-01 with total page 219 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Esto que ustedes van a leer no es una pelAcula ni una novela, sino una historia real que sucediA3 en la ciudad de Nuevo Laredo Tamaulipas, MA(c)xico esta ciudad es frontera con Laredo Texas E.U. donde se encuentra el cruce numero uno de Importaciones y Exportasiones de las Americas. Por aquA cruzan miles de camiones de carga dAariamente hacia ambos Paises, una gran parte de las personas que viven aquA dependen de este gran mercado, Hay miles de bodegas de almacenaje de mercancAa que tiene que ser trasbordada para ser llevada a cuidades importantes de ambos Paises. La tegnologie a crecido y tambiA(c)n las formas en que los traficantes operan, de ese modo acaparan mas A!reas y hay mas gente involucrada en este ilisito negocio. AquA siempre a existido el narcotrA!fico pero antes estas personas no molestaban a los ciudadanos que nada tenAan que ver con sus negocios, esta era un cA3digo de honor entre los narcotraficantes, respetar familias y gente inocente, pero al llegar los Zetas se perdiA3 el honor ya el respeto y estos se decidieron por la cobardAa.
Download or read book Los grandes problemas de M xico Tomo 12 Relaciones internacionales written by Blanca Torres y Gustavo Vega, coordinadores and published by El Colegio de Mexico AC. This book was released on with total page 569 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Searching for Arizona s Buried Treasures written by Ron Quinn and published by BZB Publishing, Inc.. This book was released on 2013-10-01 with total page 155 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Searching for hidden treasures in the Tubac and Tumacocori mountains, few have ever heard of, we discovered places that have never been visited by others to this day. The four of us finally unearthed a medium-size buried treasure south of Tucson, Arizona, which consisted of 82 pounds of Spanish gold bullion.
