Download or read book Density Matrix Theories in Quantum Physics written by Boris V. Bondarev and published by Bentham Science Publishers. This book was released on 2020-11-03 with total page 393 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In Density Matrix Theories in Quantum Physics, the author explores new possibilities for the main quantities in quantum physics – the statistical operator and the density matrix. The starting point in this exploration is the Lindblad equation for the statistical operator, where the main element of influence on a system by its environment is the dissipative operator. Bondarev has developed the theory of the harmonic oscillator, in which he finds the density matrix and proves the Heisenberg relation. Bondarev has written the dissipative diffusion and attenuation operators and proven the equivalence of the Wigner and Fokker–Planck equations using them. He further develops theories of the light-emitting diode and ball lightning. Bondarev also derives equations for the density matrix of a single particle and a system of identical particles. These equations have a remarkable property: when the density matrix has a diagonal shape they turn into a quantum kinetic equation for probability. Additional chapters in the book present new theories of experimentally discovered phenomena, such as the step kinetics of bimolecular reactions in solids, superconductivity, superfluidity, the energy spectrum of an arbitrary atom, lasers, spasers, and graphene. Density Matrix Theories in Quantum Physics is an informative reference for theoretical physicists interested in new theories on the subject of complex physical phenomena, quantum theory and density matrices.
Download or read book Density Matrix Theory and Applications written by Karl Blum and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-06-29 with total page 217 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Quantum mechanics has been mostly concerned with those states of systems that are represented by state vectors. In many cases, however, the system of interest is incompletely determined; for example, it may have no more than a certain probability of being in the precisely defined dynamical state characterized by a state vector. Because of this incomplete knowledge, a need for statistical averaging arises in the same sense as in classical physics. The density matrix was introduced by J. von Neumann in 1927 to describe statistical concepts in quantum mechanics. The main virtue of the density matrix is its analytical power in the construction of general formulas and in the proof of general theorems. The evaluation of averages and probabilities of the physical quantities characterizing a given system is extremely cumbersome without the use of density matrix techniques. The representation of quantum mechanical states by density matrices enables the maximum information available on the system to be expressed in a compact manner and hence avoids the introduction of unnecessary vari ables. The use of density matrix methods also has the advantage of providing a uniform treatment of all quantum mechanical states, whether they are completely or incom~'\etely known. Until recently the use of the density matrix method has been mainly restricted to statistical physics. In recent years, however, the application of the density matrix has been gaining more and more importance in many other fields of physics.
Download or read book Theory of Transport Properties of Semiconductor Nanostructures written by Eckehard Schöll and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-11-27 with total page 394 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recent advances in the fabrication of semiconductors have created almost un limited possibilities to design structures on a nanometre scale with extraordinary electronic and optoelectronic properties. The theoretical understanding of elec trical transport in such nanostructures is of utmost importance for future device applications. This represents a challenging issue of today's basic research since it requires advanced theoretical techniques to cope with the quantum limit of charge transport, ultrafast carrier dynamics and strongly nonlinear high-field ef fects. This book, which appears in the electronic materials series, presents an over view of the theoretical background and recent developments in the theory of electrical transport in semiconductor nanostructures. It contains 11 chapters which are written by experts in their fields. Starting with a tutorial introduction to the subject in Chapter 1, it proceeds to present different approaches to transport theory. The semiclassical Boltzmann transport equation is in the centre of the next three chapters. Hydrodynamic moment equations (Chapter 2), Monte Carlo techniques (Chapter 3) and the cellular au tomaton approach (Chapter 4) are introduced and illustrated with applications to nanometre structures and device simulation. A full quantum-transport theory covering the Kubo formalism and nonequilibrium Green's functions (Chapter 5) as well as the density matrix theory (Chapter 6) is then presented.
Download or read book The Theory of Open Quantum Systems written by Heinz-Peter Breuer and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 2002 with total page 648 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book treats the central physical concepts and mathematical techniques used to investigate the dynamics of open quantum systems. To provide a self-contained presentation the text begins with a survey of classical probability theory and with an introduction into the foundations of quantum mechanics with particular emphasis on its statistical interpretation. The fundamentals of density matrix theory, quantum Markov processes and dynamical semigroups are developed. The most important master equations used in quantum optics and in the theory of quantum Brownian motion are applied to the study of many examples. Special attention is paid to the theory of environment induced decoherence, its role in the dynamical description of the measurement process and to the experimental observation of decohering Schrodinger cat states. The book includes the modern formulation of open quantum systems in terms of stochastic processes in Hilbert space. Stochastic wave function methods and Monte Carlo algorithms are designed and applied to important examples from quantum optics and atomic physics, such as Levy statistics in the laser cooling of atoms, and the damped Jaynes-Cummings model. The basic features of the non-Markovian quantum behaviour of open systems are examined on the basis of projection operator techniques. In addition, the book expounds the relativistic theory of quantum measurements and discusses several examples from a unified perspective, e.g. non-local measurements and quantum teleportation. Influence functional and super-operator techniques are employed to study the density matrix theory in quantum electrodynamics and applications to the destruction of quantum coherence are presented. The text addresses graduate students and lecturers in physics and applied mathematics, as well as researchers with interests in fundamental questions in quantum mechanics and its applications. Many analytical methods and computer simulation techniques are developed and illustrated with the help of numerous specific examples. Only a basic understanding of quantum mechanics and of elementary concepts of probability theory is assumed.
Download or read book Density Functional Theory written by Reiner M. Dreizler and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 312 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Density Functional Theory is a rapidly developing branch of many-particle physics that has found applications in atomic, molecular, solid-state and nuclear physics. This book describes the conceptual framework of density functional theory and discusses in detail the derivation of explicit functionals from first principles as well as their application to Coulomb systems. Both non-relativistic and relativistic systems are treated. The connection of density functional theory with other many-body methods is highlighted. The presentation is self-contained; the book is, thus, well suited for a graduate course on density functional theory.
Download or read book Quantum Chemistry and Dynamics of Excited States written by Leticia González and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2021-02-01 with total page 52 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An introduction to the rapidly evolving methodology of electronic excited states For academic researchers, postdocs, graduate and undergraduate students, Quantum Chemistry and Dynamics of Excited States: Methods and Applications reports the most updated and accurate theoretical techniques to treat electronic excited states. From methods to deal with stationary calculations through time-dependent simulations of molecular systems, this book serves as a guide for beginners in the field and knowledge seekers alike. Taking into account the most recent theory developments and representative applications, it also covers the often-overlooked gap between theoretical and computational chemistry. An excellent reference for both researchers and students, Excited States provides essential knowledge on quantum chemistry, an in-depth overview of the latest developments, and theoretical techniques around the properties and nonadiabatic dynamics of chemical systems. Readers will learn: ● Essential theoretical techniques to describe the properties and dynamics of chemical systems ● Electronic Structure methods for stationary calculations ● Methods for electronic excited states from both a quantum chemical and time-dependent point of view ● A breakdown of the most recent developments in the past 30 years For those searching for a better understanding of excited states as they relate to chemistry, biochemistry, industrial chemistry, and beyond, Quantum Chemistry and Dynamics of Excited States provides a solid education in the necessary foundations and important theories of excited states in photochemistry and ultrafast phenomena.
Download or read book Spectral Theory and Quantum Mechanics written by Valter Moretti and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-01-30 with total page 962 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book discusses the mathematical foundations of quantum theories. It offers an introductory text on linear functional analysis with a focus on Hilbert spaces, highlighting the spectral theory features that are relevant in physics. After exploring physical phenomenology, it then turns its attention to the formal and logical aspects of the theory. Further, this Second Edition collects in one volume a number of useful rigorous results on the mathematical structure of quantum mechanics focusing in particular on von Neumann algebras, Superselection rules, the various notions of Quantum Symmetry and Symmetry Groups, and including a number of fundamental results on the algebraic formulation of quantum theories. Intended for Master's and PhD students, both in physics and mathematics, the material is designed to be self-contained: it includes a summary of point-set topology and abstract measure theory, together with an appendix on differential geometry. The book also benefits established researchers by organizing and presenting the profusion of advanced material disseminated in the literature. Most chapters are accompanied by exercises, many of which are solved explicitly."
Download or read book The Physics of Quantum Mechanics written by James Binney and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 2013-12 with total page 408 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This title gives students a good understanding of how quantum mechanics describes the material world. The text stresses the continuity between the quantum world and the classical world, which is merely an approximation to the quantum world.
Download or read book Many Body Quantum Theory in Condensed Matter Physics written by Henrik Bruus and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2004-09-02 with total page 458 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book is an introduction to quantum field theory applied to condensed matter physics. The topics cover modern applications in electron systems and electronic properties of mesoscopic systems and nanosystems. The textbook is developed for a graduate or advanced undergraduate course with exercises which aim at giving students the ability to confront real problems.
Download or read book The Emergent Multiverse written by David Wallace and published by OUP Oxford. This book was released on 2012-05-24 with total page 547 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Emergent Multiverse presents a striking new account of the 'many worlds' approach to quantum theory. The point of science, it is generally accepted, is to tell us how the world works and what it is like. But quantum theory seems to fail to do this: taken literally as a theory of the world, it seems to make crazy claims: particles are in two places at once; cats are alive and dead at the same time. So physicists and philosophers have often been led either to give up on the idea that quantum theory describes reality, or to modify or augment the theory. The Everett interpretation of quantum mechanics takes the apparent craziness seriously, and asks, 'what would it be like if particles really were in two places at once, if cats really were alive and dead at the same time'? The answer, it turns out, is that if the world were like that—if it were as quantum theory claims—it would be a world that, at the macroscopic level, was constantly branching into copies—hence the more sensationalist name for the Everett interpretation, the 'many worlds theory'. But really, the interpretation is not sensationalist at all: it simply takes quantum theory seriously, literally, as a description of the world. Once dismissed as absurd, it is now accepted by many physicists as the best way to make coherent sense of quantum theory. David Wallace offers a clear and up-to-date survey of work on the Everett interpretation in physics and in philosophy of science, and at the same time provides a self-contained and thoroughly modern account of it—an account which is accessible to readers who have previously studied quantum theory at undergraduate level, and which will shape the future direction of research by leading experts in the field.
Download or read book Nonequilibrium Many Body Theory of Quantum Systems written by Gianluca Stefanucci and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2013-03-07 with total page 619 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Green's function method is one of the most powerful and versatile formalisms in physics, and its nonequilibrium version has proved invaluable in many research fields. This book provides a unique, self-contained introduction to nonequilibrium many-body theory. Starting with basic quantum mechanics, the authors introduce the equilibrium and nonequilibrium Green's function formalisms within a unified framework called the contour formalism. The physical content of the contour Green's functions and the diagrammatic expansions are explained with a focus on the time-dependent aspect. Every result is derived step-by-step, critically discussed and then applied to different physical systems, ranging from molecules and nanostructures to metals and insulators. With an abundance of illustrative examples, this accessible book is ideal for graduate students and researchers who are interested in excited state properties of matter and nonequilibrium physics.
Download or read book Not Even Wrong written by Peter Woit and published by Basic Books. This book was released on 2007-03-09 with total page 336 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: At what point does theory depart the realm of testable hypothesis and come to resemble something like aesthetic speculation, or even theology? The legendary physicist Wolfgang Pauli had a phrase for such ideas: He would describe them as "not even wrong," meaning that they were so incomplete that they could not even be used to make predictions to compare with observations to see whether they were wrong or not. In Peter Woit's view, superstring theory is just such an idea. In Not Even Wrong , he shows that what many physicists call superstring "theory" is not a theory at all. It makes no predictions, even wrong ones, and this very lack of falsifiability is what has allowed the subject to survive and flourish. Not Even Wrong explains why the mathematical conditions for progress in physics are entirely absent from superstring theory today and shows that judgments about scientific statements, which should be based on the logical consistency of argument and experimental evidence, are instead based on the eminence of those claiming to know the truth. In the face of many books from enthusiasts for string theory, this book presents the other side of the story.
Download or read book Elements of Advanced Quantum Theory written by J. M. Ziman and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 1969 with total page 286 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This textbook gives a connected mathematical derivation of the important mathematical results, concentrating on the central ideas without including elaborate detail or unnecessary rigour, and explaining in the simplest terms the symbols and concepts which confront the researcher in solid state, nuclear or high-energy physics.
Download or read book Statistical Operator and Density Matrix written by Boris Vladimirovich Bondarev and published by Scientific Research Publishing, Inc. USA. This book was released on 2022-03-29 with total page 213 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Reduced Density Matrices written by A.J. Coleman and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2000-04-14 with total page 300 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The authors demonstrate that the essential information about order in, and energy levels of physical systems is encapsulated in the second order reduced density matrix. They have discovered an algorithm to obtain a reasonable accurate expression for the 2-matrix of an N-particle state to make nearly all properties of matter which are of interest to chemists and physicists accessible.
Download or read book Consistent Quantum Theory written by Robert B. Griffiths and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2003-11-13 with total page 412 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Quantum mechanics is one of the most fundamental yet difficult subjects in physics. Nonrelativistic quantum theory is presented here in a clear and systematic fashion, integrating Born's probabilistic interpretation with Schrödinger dynamics. Basic quantum principles are illustrated with simple examples requiring no mathematics beyond linear algebra and elementary probability theory. The quantum measurement process is consistently analyzed using fundamental quantum principles without referring to measurement. These same principles are used to resolve several of the paradoxes that have long perplexed physicists, including the double slit and Schrödinger's cat. The consistent histories formalism used here was first introduced by the author, and extended by M. Gell-Mann, J. Hartle and R. Omnès. Essential for researchers yet accessible to advanced undergraduate students in physics, chemistry, mathematics, and computer science, this book is supplementary to standard textbooks. It will also be of interest to physicists and philosophers working on the foundations of quantum mechanics.
Download or read book Advanced Quantum Mechanics written by Guangjiong Ni and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is based on lecture notes developed in last twenty-two years during which the authors have been teaching a core graduate course, Quantum Mechanics II, in Fudan University. It covers a very broad range of topics, presenting the state of the art in Quantum Mechanics. Discussions on some topics such as Levinson theorem, Casimir effect, the essence of special relativity, the interpretation of wave function, geometric phase, fractional statistics, and paradoxes in quantum mechanics, reflect to some extent the authors' own research results. The book is profound, practical, enlightening, and pleasantly readable. It is not only a very good textbook for students majoring in theoretical, experimental, or applied physics, but also a very useful reference for researchers as well.
