Download or read book Density and Spatial Distribution Patterns of Cetaceans in the Central North Pacific Based on Habitat Models written by Elizabeth Ann Becker and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 34 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Habitat-based density models were developed for cetaceans in the Central North Pacific based on cetacean survey data collected by the Southwest Fisheries Science Center in 1997- 2006. Cetacean sighting data were collected on systematic line-transect surveys in the temperate eastern Pacific, around Hawaii and other Pacific Islands, and in the eastern tropical Pacific west of 120 degrees longitude. Habitat variables, derived from satellite data, included sea surface temperature, sea surface chlorophyll, sea surface height root-mean-square, primary productivity, distance to land, latitude, and longitude. Models were developed for the pantropical spotted dolphin, spinner dolphin, striped dolphin, rough-toothed dolphin, common bottlenose dolphin, false killer whale, short-finned pilot whale, sperm whale, Bryde's whale, and an 'other dolphins' group that included the short-beaked common and Pacific white-sided dolphin. Uniform densities were estimated for species/guilds that had insufficient sightings for modeling, including pygmy killer whale, Risso's dolphin, killer whale, a small beaked whale guild (including Cuvier's beaked whale and beaked whales of the genus Mesoplodon), and pygmy/dwarf sperm whale. Although validation using an independent survey was not possible, modeled density estimates for the 10 species/species group were compared to previously published line-transect density estimates derived within the U.S. Exclusive Economic Zone around Hawaii. The modelbased estimates of abundance fall within the 95% confidence limits of the standard line-transect analyses, and they provide greater spatial resolution of the density estimates based on habitat associations. These new models are intended as baseline density estimates for Navy planning and environmental impact statements, to be updated and improved as additional survey data become available in the future"--Abstract.
Download or read book Predicting Seasonal Patterns of California Cetacean Density Based on Remotely Sensed Environmental Data written by Elizabeth Ann Becker and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 318 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Life History and Multivariate Analyses of Habitat Selection Patterns Among Small Cetaceans in the Central North Pacific Ocean written by Richard C. Ferrero and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 296 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Cetacean Population Density in the Eastern Pacific Ocean written by Megan Caton Ferguson and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 458 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Spatial Distribution and Density of Cetaceans in the Eastern Tropical Pacific Ocean Based on Summer fall Research Vessel Surveys in 1986 96 written by Megan Caton Ferguson and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 99 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Spatial Distribution and Density of Cetaceans in the Eastern Tropical Pacific Ocean Based on Summer fall Research Vessel Surveys in 1986 96 written by Megan Caton Ferguson and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 61 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Journal of Cetacean Research and Management written by and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 378 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Cetaceans of Central and Northern California 1980 1983 written by Thomas P. Dohl and published by . This book was released on 1983 with total page 572 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Identifying and Comparing Important Areas for Marine Sustainable Use and Conservation written by Sofie Van Parijs and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2024-05-24 with total page 342 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The ocean is under increasing threat from the expansion of human activities. The combined impacts of these threats as well as the potential impacts of climate change and ocean acidification have placed thousands of species at risk of extinction, and have impaired the structure, function, productivity and resilience of marine ecosystems. Currently, some parts of the world's oceans are significantly impacted, yet are without any form of effective management. Only a small proportion of the oceans are within protected area systems. Globally, measures are being taken to increase protection and sustainable management, but application is uncoordinated and not always effective. In order to support effective policy action by countries and competent international and regional organizations, it is critical to build a sound understanding of the most ecologically and biologically important ocean areas that support healthy marine ecosystems so that the necessary steps to ensure the long-term function and resilience of these systems can be taken.
Download or read book Southern California Range Complex written by and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 956 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Whales and climate written by Jan-Olaf Meynecke and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2024-01-03 with total page 194 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Impacts of Shipping on Marine Fauna written by Christine Erbe and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2020-10-23 with total page 333 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This eBook is a collection of articles from a Frontiers Research Topic. Frontiers Research Topics are very popular trademarks of the Frontiers Journals Series: they are collections of at least ten articles, all centered on a particular subject. With their unique mix of varied contributions from Original Research to Review Articles, Frontiers Research Topics unify the most influential researchers, the latest key findings and historical advances in a hot research area! Find out more on how to host your own Frontiers Research Topic or contribute to one as an author by contacting the Frontiers Editorial Office: frontiersin.org/about/contact.
Download or read book Marine Protected Areas for Whales Dolphins and Porpoises written by Erich Hoyt and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2012-10-02 with total page 494 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The first edition of the widely praised Marine Protected Areas for Whales, Dolphins and Porpoises, published in 2005, led to numerous new marine protected area proposals and a number of notable conservation successes around the world. In this completely revised and expanded second edition, new developments in the Mediterranean, Caribbean and Pacific are described, as well as future directions for High Seas protection. New sections show how to design and manage MPAs in an ever noisier ocean subject to climate change, increased shipping and hydrocarbon exploration. The process of protected area creation for cetaceans has been accelerated and more than 200 exciting new places are detailed in this edition. This book provides a route map for MPA managers, as well as countries, to meet the ambitious targets for highly protected MPA networks by 2012 and 2020. This book is a key conservation tool and a springboard for worldwide change in human attitudes toward the world ocean where all life originated and where the majority of life on Earth still lives.
Download or read book Atlas of Cetacean Distribution in North west European Waters written by James B. Reid and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 84 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An account of the distribution of 28 cetacean species that are known to have occurred in the waters off north-west Europe. Individual chapters cover particular species in detail, spanning identification, behaviour and social organisation, diet and habitat preferences, worldwide distribution and population status.
Download or read book Review of Small Cetaceans written by Boris M. Culik and published by United Nations Environment Programme. This book was released on 2004 with total page 360 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This publication sets out the available information for the 72 species of odontocete cetaceans (toothed whales) which includes whales, dolphins and porpoises. Details are given on the distribution, population, biology and behaviour, migration patterns and risk factors for each species, with colour illustrations, maps and references to further information.
Download or read book Distribution Habitatuse and Behaviour of Cetaceans in Rthe Greater Dyer Island Area Western Cape South Africa written by Katja Vinding Petersen and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 480 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This thesis is a study of the occurrence, behaviour, spatial distribution, and temporal distribution of cetaceans in the Greater Dyer Island area, Western Cape, South Africa. Three main methods were used in the study: Analysis of data from a local whale-watching vessel (WWV) (2000 2012), visual land-based theodolite tracking (during four southern right whale seasons (August December) from 2011 2014 and one summer/autumn season in 2013), and passive acoustic monitoring (PAM) using a single bottom moored hydrophone (DSG-Ocean Loggerhead) in the months of January/February, September, and October, 2014). Methods were chosen, due to suitability, cost efficiency, and because they complement each other. Data from the WWV covered more than a ten-year period and provided indications of temporal and spatial distribution trends, but data were limited with respect to survey effort and behavioural data. Shore-based observations provided spatial, temporal, and behaviour patterns of the cetacean species in the area, but the method is labour intensive, requires daylight and is restricted by weather conditions. PAM could be conducted 24 hours a day and in poor weather conditions and enabled a temporal extension of the monitoring of cetaceans in the area, but individual hydrophones, are expensive and can break down or be lost. Simultaneous visual observations and PAM were used to investigate the vocalisation patterns of southern right whales and the possibility of using PAM to monitor presence of southern right whales. An analysis of the consistency and validity of the opportunistic data from the WWV was conducted before the data was used in a spatial and temporal analysis. The Consistency Index (CI) was defined as the proportion of times a data field was recorded per total number of trips during all years. The validity of the data were assessed to determine accuracy of the data. The validity and consistency analysis of the sighting records revealed that the dataset was useful but data fields varied considerably in their consistency of collection. The trip duration and route was recorded in less than 5% of cases, making analysis of temporal and spatial patterns difficult. The validity of species identification was excellent with 100% agreement between observer records and photographic documentation in 152 encounters of seven cetacean species. Behavioural data were described in overly subjective terms, thus not allowing for any analysis of patterns. The analysis also resulted in a list of suggestions for the design of future observation sheets, and data collection methods and the development and implementation of worldwide standards are encouraged (guidelines and protocols), which should address different levels and scenarios of data collection from WWV. This work has made a novel contribution to the global research field by submission of a paper and direct communication with the whale watching subcommittee at the International Whaling Commission (IWC) concerning content in the International guidelines for platform of opportunity guiding principles on data collection . An analysis of opportunistic cetacean sightings from the local WWV consisted of more than 5500 cetacean encounters during more than 2500 trips from 2003 to 2012. Results were twofold; 1) discovering that there are five main cetacean species using the area: Southern right whales (Eubalaena australis), humpback whales (Megaptera novaeangliae), Bryde s whales (Balaenoptera brydeii), Indian Ocean humpback dolphins (Sousa plumbea), and Indo-Pacific bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops aduncus) and providing spatial and temporal distribution patterns for these species as well as the first long-term, year round dataset for this area. Three other species of incidental visitors were: Common dolphins (Delphinus delphis), killer whales (Orcinus orca) and Heaviside s dolphins (Cephalorhynchus heavisidii). 2) Showing that opportunistic data of cetacean encounters collected regularly from a WWV constitute an important source of baseline information of the wildlife abundance and distribution. Caveats and limitations of data from the WWV are discussed and advice regarding data collection from platforms of opportunities are provided. Particularly, the lack of basic data on search effort and of clearly defined behavioural categories is emphasised and standardisation of guidelines for data-collection methods worldwide is suggested. Southern right whales were by far the most frequently occurring cetaceans with a marked seasonal presence from August to December. Numbers peaked consistently between June and January each year and only a single encounter was recorded between 31 January and 26 May in the entire dataset. They appeared either as unaccompanied adults (UAs), as part of surface active groups (SAGs) or as cows accompanied by their calves (cc-pairs). Single right whales were more commonly encountered at the beginning of high season (June September) while groups of two or more were most commonly encountered in the middle of the season (July September) and the modal group size was two. Cow-calf pairs were encountered most frequently late in the season with highest encounters in October December. All right whales were predominantly located close to shore, as were the two main dolphin species. Bryde s whales and humpback whales were located farther from shore. Bryde s whales were observed in all years, except 2006. The highest encounter of Bryde s whales were between March and May. Bryde s whale calves were encountered year round. The highest number of encounters occurred during 2003 (n= 25), dropping to 0 in 2006 and then slowly increased at 1% per annum after 2006. Humpback whales showed two peaks in seasonality: the majority of animals were encountered in June (last month of low season), July and August, with a much smaller peak in late November and December. Most encounters with humpback whale cow-calf pairs occurred during October December. Humpback whale encounters varied considerably from year to year, with most encounters in 2008 (n= 28), 2011 (n= 15), and 2012 (n=12), but showed a slow average increase at 0.4% per annum. Encounters of Indian Ocean humpback dolphins were more frequent during summer months, and most encounters occurred in 2003-2007 and in 2011, a slightly negative annual trend existed (0.9%). Calves were mainly encountered occurring in December (n = 25) and January (n = 12). Indo- Pacific bottlenose dolphins showed a clear seasonal peak occurred from December to April and most encounters occurred in 2004-2006 and in 2009 with a slightly negative annual trend over time (0.2%). Seasonality of calves followed the same pattern of as adults. This study was the first to reveal that there are five cetacean species using the area and provide temporal and spatial patterns based on long term data. Shore-based observations, using a surveyor s theodolite, enabled an analysis of behaviour in addition to confirming the spatial and temporal distributions of cetacean species obtained from the WWV-data. Hourly scans were conducted to provide information on species presence, location, group size, group composition, and surface behaviour. In addition, focal groups that were tracked provided and detailed information on movements and behaviours. Effort totalled 1558 hours and 26 minutes (1204 scans) over 270 days between 24 August 2011 and 11 December 2014. All sighting data were filtered to remove periods of poor weather conditions, only observations collected at sea state ? 2 for dolphin species, and ? 5 for baleen whales were analysed. The area is an important location for nursing and socialising southern right whales and it might be a summer feeding area for Bryde s whales. The primarily observed behaviour of humpback whales was travelling and 80% of the tracked animals were travelling south-east towards Cape Agulhas. Finally, it was found that the area serves as a year round socialising and resting area for the two dolphin species. Swimming speed was calculated, using the longest focal follow from each day for southern right whales and all focal follow tracks of dolphin species. All southern right whales were found to be swimming at a speed less than 5.1 km/h.
Download or read book Potential Overlap Between Cetaceans and Commercial Groundfish Fleets that Operate in the California Current Large Marine Ecosystem written by Blake Edward Feist and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 40 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cetacean populations are confronted by many anthropogenic threats, including commercial whaling, noise, vessel collisions, gear entanglement, exploitative competition, habitat disturbance, and global climate change. Evidence indicates that commercial fishing activities can have both direct (e.g., gear entanglement and bycatch) and indirect (e.g., prey reduction and noise) effects on cetaceans. However, few studies have addressed the potential vulnerability of a given cetacean species to an entire fishing fleet that operates over a large marine ecosystem. In this study, we overlaid spatially explicit multiyear predicted mean densities of 11 cetacean species and 1 species guild within the California Current Large Marine Ecosystem with data for commercial fishing effort of the fixed-gear, at-sea hake mid-water trawl, and bottom trawl fleets of the west coast groundfish fishery. We quantified the exposure of each species to each fleet type by multiplying the predicted mean cetacean density by the measured fishing fleet effort. We found large interspecific and interfleet variability in the overlap between cetaceans and fishing fleets. Although many of the species had relatively low overlap rates, others had substantial exposure to some of the fishing fleets, particularly those species with more nearshore distributions. Direct mortality from these fleets has been documented to be low, but our results indicate that there is opportunity for fisheries interactions with some cetacean species, particularly in the fixed-gear fleet. Our analyses make up an important first step in generating formal risk assessments for quantification of the impacts of various fishing fleets on populations of cetacean species that occur in the California Current.
