Download or read book Dendroclimatic Analysis of Climate Oscillations for the Southeastern United States from Tree ring Network Data written by Yanan Li and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 204 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Dendroclimatological research along a geographical gradient is important to understanding both spatial and temporal characteristics of climate influences on tree growth. In this study, three tree-ring width chronologies, obtained from field collection and previous research, were used to represent tree growth along a longitudinal transect from coast to inland in the southeastern U.S: Hope Mills, located at the Atlantic Coastal Plain; Linville Mountain, located on the eastern side of the Appalachian Mountains; and Gold Mine Trail, located on the western side of the Appalachians. The variations of ring width indices in chronologies reflect extreme climatic events such as severe droughts or cold periods. Correlation and response function analyses were used to examine the climate-tree growth relationship at three sites. The temporal stationarity of climate signals was tested using moving interval analysis in DENDROCLIM2002. Winter temperature was the limiting climate factor for the western mountain site, while moisture was more important for tree growth in the eastern mountain and coastal area sites. However, all significant climate signals found in the trees were not stable over time. The tendency of a shift from precipitation signal to temperature signal is notable around the mid-20th century. Winter North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) had positive correlations with radial growth at the two mountain sites, which might explain the winter temperature response by trees. The Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO) showed an annual feature of associations with growth, and the multidecadal duration of significant correlations was also apparent. The Pacific-related Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) and El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) also tended to influence tree growth. Along the coastal-inland transect, gradient features of climate oscillation signals did exist. Relationships changed with phase changes of the oscillations. Land-sea boundaries and high mountains may determine the climate response patterns in the Southeast. Other factors such as microenvironment, human disturbance, and biological reaction of trees to climate change also have influence. It is not reliable to use the composite chronology to study the effect of climate oscillations for the Southeast region. In the future, a large number of sample sites will be necessary to more extensively study the regional climate-tree growth relationship.
Download or read book Dendroclimatic Studies written by Rosanne D'Arrigo and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2014-02-25 with total page 105 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A top priority in climate research is obtaining broad-extent and long-term data to support analyses of historical patterns and trends, and for model development and evaluation. Along with directly measured climate data from the present and recent past, it is important to obtain estimates of long past climate variations spanning multiple centuries and millennia. Dendroclimatic Studies at the North American Tree Line presents an overview of the current state of dendroclimatology, its contributions over the past few decades, and its future potential. The material included is not useful not only to those who generate tree-ring records of past climate-dendroclimatologists, but also to users of their results-climatologists, hydrologists, ecologists and archeologists. In summary, this book: Sheds light on recent and future climate trends by assessing long term past climatic variations from tree rings Is a timely coverage of a crucial topic in climate science portraying recent warming trends which are of serious concern today Features well-reputed scientists highlighting new advanced methodologies to reconstruct past climate change Models the tree growth environmental response
Download or read book Dendroclimatology written by Malcolm K. Hughes and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-10-28 with total page 365 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A top priority in climate research is obtaining broad-extent and long-term data to support analyses of historical patterns and trends, and for model development and evaluation. Along with directly measured climate data from the present and recent past, it is important to obtain estimates of long past climate variations spanning multiple centuries and millennia. These longer time perspectives are needed for assessing the unusualness of recent climate changes, as well as for providing insight on the range, variation and overall dynamics of the climate system over time spans exceeding available records from instruments, such as rain gauges and thermometers. Tree rings have become increasingly valuable in providing this long-term information because extensive data networks have been developed in temperate and boreal zones of the Earth, and quantitative methods for analyzing these data have advanced. Tree rings are among the most useful paleoclimate information sources available because they provide a high degree of chronological accuracy, high replication, and extensive spatial coverage spanning recent centuries. With the expansion and extension of tree-ring data and analytical capacity new climatic insights from tree rings are being used in a variety of applications, including for interpretation of past changes in ecosystems and human societies. This volume presents an overview of the current state of dendroclimatology, its contributions over the last 30 years, and its future potential. The material included is useful not only to those who generate tree-ring records of past climate-dendroclimatologists, but also to users of their results-climatologists, hydrologists, ecologists and archeologists. ‘With the pressing climatic questions of the 21st century demanding a deeper understanding of the climate system and our impact upon it, this thoughtful volume comes at critical moment. It will be of fundamental importance in not only guiding researchers, but in educating scientists and the interested lay person on the both incredible power and potential pitfalls of reconstructing climate using tree-ring analysis.’, Glen M. MacDonald, UCLA Institute of the Environment, CA, USA ‘This is an up-to-date treatment of all branches of tree-ring science, by the world’s experts in the field, reminding us that tree rings are the most important source of proxy data on climate change. Should be read by all budding dendrochronology scientists.’, Alan Robock, Rutgers University, NJ, USA
Download or read book Tree Rings and Climate written by H Fritts and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2012-12-02 with total page 583 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Tree Rings and Climate deals with the principles of dendrochronology, with emphasis on tree-ring studies involving climate-related problems. This book looks at the spatial and temporal variations in tree-ring growth and how they can be used to reconstruct past climate. Factors and conditions that appear most relevant to tree-ring research are highlighted. Comprised of nine chapters, this book opens with an overview of the basic biological facts and principles of tree growth, as well as the most important terms, principles, and concepts of dendrochronology. The discussion then shifts to the basic biology governing the response of ring width to variation in climate; systematic variations in the width and cell structure of annual tree rings; and the significance of tree growth and structure to dendroclimatology. The movement of materials and internal water relations of trees are also considered, along with photosynthesis, respiration, and the climatic and environmental system. Models of the growth-climate relationships as well as the basic statistics and methods of analysis of these relationships are described. The final chapter includes a general discussion of dendroclimatographic data and presents examples of statistical models that are useful for reconstructing spatial variations in climate. This monograph will be of interest to climatologists, college students, and practitioners in fields such as botany, archaeology, hydrology, oceanography, biology, physiology, forestry, and geophysics.
Download or read book Cool and Warm Season Climate Signals in Tree Rings from North America written by Max C. A. Torbenson and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 278 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Earlywood (EW) and latewood (LW) ring-width chronologies have become an increasingly important proxy in paleoclimate reconstructions. These subannual variables can provide estimates of past hydroclimate variability for seasonal windows that total ring-widths cannot resolve. The strength of the relationship between EW and LW series may influence what type of paleoclimate information is embedded within the tree-ring series. High correlations (> 0.70) between EW and LW are recorded for much of the continent but the magnitude of correlation varies greatly across space and species boundaries. Using four LW chronologies from shortleaf pine, the North American conifer species displaying the lowest EW-LW correlation, a reconstruction of summer atmospheric moisture balance spanning the years 1685-2015 was produced for the central United States. A second reconstruction, based on ten EW and total-ring width chronologies from three other species, estimates May soil moisture for the same period. The relationship between reconstructions displays strong decadal swings in both instrumental and reconstructed data that could potentially improve forecasting skill of summer rainfall. The Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO) appears to dictate the changing persistence in seasonal hydroclimate and the reconstructions suggest that this ocean-atmosphere forcing has been a stable feature of North American climate dynamics over the past 300 years. Finally, this dissertation investigates the temporal stability of El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) signals in the North American tree-ring network in relation to AMO phasing. Numerous reconstructions of ENSO have been produced relying on tree-ring chronologies from the American Southwest as predictors, however, the teleconnection between ENSO and local hydroclimate has varied in strength and spatial expression during the 20th and early 21st century. There is a significant loss of tree-ring records exhibiting significant correlations with ENSO during subperiods associated with the negative phase of the AMO. A new reconstruction, relying solely on a subset of chronologies with time-stable ENSO signals, was produced. When compared to the North American Drought Atlas for the past 350 years, similar expansions and retractions of ENSO influence from the core region of northern Mexico and the border states of the United States seen in the instrumental period/data are recorded. 0.70) between EW and LW are recorded for much of the continent but the magnitude of correlation varies greatly across space and species boundaries. Using four LW chronologies from shortleaf pine, the North American conifer species displaying the lowest EW-LW correlation, a reconstruction of summer atmospheric moisture balance spanning the years 1685-2015 was produced for the central United States. A second reconstruction, based on ten EW and total-ring width chronologies from three other species, estimates May soil moisture for the same period. The relationship between reconstructions displays strong decadal swings in both instrumental and reconstructed data that could potentially improve forecasting skill of summer rainfall. The Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO) appears to dictate the changing persistence in seasonal hydroclimate and the reconstructions suggest that this ocean-atmosphere forcing has been a stable feature of North American climate dynamics over the past 300 years. Finally, this dissertation investigates the temporal stability of El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) signals in the North American tree-ring network in relation to AMO phasing. Numerous reconstructions of ENSO have been produced relying on tree-ring chronologies from the American Southwest as predictors, however, the teleconnection between ENSO and local hydroclimate has varied in strength and spatial expression during the 20th and early 21st century. There is a significant loss of tree-ring records exhibiting significant correlations with ENSO during subperiods associated with the negative phase of the AMO. A new reconstruction, relying solely on a subset of chronologies with time-stable ENSO signals, was produced. When compared to the North American Drought Atlas for the past 350 years, similar expansions and retractions of ENSO influence from the core region of northern Mexico and the border states of the United States seen in the instrumental period/data are recorded.
Download or read book Climatic Variations and Forcing Mechanisms of the Last 2000 Years written by Philip Douglas Jones and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-06-29 with total page 641 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A profound knowledge of the past climate is vital for our understanding of global warming. The past 2000 years are both the period which is of most relevance to the next century and that for which there is the most evidence. High-resolution proxy records for this period are available from a variety of sources. Five sections consider dendroclimatology, ice cores, corals, historical records, lake varves, and other indicators. The final two sections cover the histories of various forcing factors and attempt to bring together records from a variety of sources and provide explanations.
Download or read book Dendroclimatic Changes in Semiarid Americ written by Edmund Schulman and published by . This book was released on 2012-06-01 with total page 144 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Paleoclimatology written by Raymond S. Bradley and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 1999-02-22 with total page 631 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Raymond S. Bradley provides his readers with a comprehensive and up-to-date review of all of the important methods used in paleoclimatic reconstruction, dating and paleoclimate modeling. Two comprehensive chapters on dating methods provide the foundation for all paleoclimatic studies and are followed by up-to-date coverage of ice core research, continental geological and biological records, pollen analysis, radiocarbon dating, tree rings and historical records. New methods using alkenones in marine sediments and coral studies are also described. Paleoclimatology, Second Edition, is an essential textbook for advanced undergraduate and postgraduate students studying climatology, paleoclimatology and paleooceanography worldwide, as well as a valuable reference for lecturers and researchers, appealing to archaeologists and scientists interested in environmental change. * Contains two up-to-date chapters on dating methods* Consists of the latest coverage of ice core research, marine sediment and coral studies, continental geological and biological records, pollen analysis, tree rings, and historical records* Describes the newest methods using alkenones in marine sediments and long continental pollen records* Addresses all important methods used in paleoclimatic reconstruction* Includes an extensive chapter on the use of models in paleoclimatology* Extensive and up-to-date bibliography* Illustrated with numerous comprehensive figure captions
Download or read book Eastern U S Tree ring Widths and Densities as Indicators of Past Climate written by Laura Elizabeth Conkey and published by . This book was released on 1983 with total page 246 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Fundamentals of Tree Ring Research written by James H. Speer and published by University of Arizona Press. This book was released on 2021-11-30 with total page 360 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Tree-ring dating (dendrochronology) is a method of scientific dating based on the analysis of tree-ring growth patterns. As author James Speer notes, trees are remarkable bioindicators. Although there are other scientific means of dating climatic and environmental events, dendrochronology provides the most reliable of all paleorecords. Dendrochronology can be applied to very old trees to provide long-term records of past temperature, rainfall, fire, insect outbreaks, landslides, hurricanes, and ice storms--to name only a few events. This comprehensive text addresses all of the subjects that a reader who is new to the field will need to know and will be a welcome reference for practitioners at all levels. It includes a history of the discipline, biological and ecological background, principles of the field, basic scientific information on the structure and growth of trees, the complete range of dendrochronology methods, and a full description of each of the relevant subdisciplines. Individual chapters address the composition of wood, methods of field and laboratory study, dendroarchaeology, dendroclimatology, dendroecology, dendrogeomorphology, and dendrochemistry. The book also provides thorough introductions to common computer programs and methods of statistical analysis. In the final chapter, the author describes "frontiers in dendrochronology," with an eye toward future directions in the field. He concludes with several useful appendixes, including a listing of tree and shrub species that have been used successfully by dendrochronologists. Throughout, photographs and illustrations visually represent the state of knowledge in the field.
Download or read book Surface Temperature Reconstructions for the Last 2 000 Years written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2007-01-05 with total page 160 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In response to a request from Congress, Surface Temperature Reconstructions for the Last 2,000 Years assesses the state of scientific efforts to reconstruct surface temperature records for Earth during approximately the last 2,000 years and the implications of these efforts for our understanding of global climate change. Because widespread, reliable temperature records are available only for the last 150 years, scientists estimate temperatures in the more distant past by analyzing "proxy evidence," which includes tree rings, corals, ocean and lake sediments, cave deposits, ice cores, boreholes, and glaciers. Starting in the late 1990s, scientists began using sophisticated methods to combine proxy evidence from many different locations in an effort to estimate surface temperature changes during the last few hundred to few thousand years. This book is an important resource in helping to understand the intricacies of global climate change.
Download or read book Dendroclimatic Response Along a Moisture Gradient in the Southern Rocky Mountains written by Shelby L. Young and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The spatial distributions of all plant species are controlled by their tolerances to a range of environmental conditions. However, growth patterns within the range of tolerance can vary considerably depending on the set of abiotic and biotic factors present. Understanding the mechanisms that control distributional limits of trees across environmental gradients remains an important question in biogeography, especially as we try to predict the effects of climate change on forests. However, few studies have examined tree growth patterns at distributional limits to understand how trees are responding to climatic variability across a moisture gradient. A better understanding of growth patterns and growth-climate relationships is essential to understanding drivers of distributional limits and for improving predictions about those distributions under climate change. Here I used dendroecological analysis to quantify the influence of climate and specifically moisture stress on radial growth patterns of ponderosa pine and Douglas fir growing along a moisture gradient in the Santa Fe National Forest of the Southern Rocky Mountains. I also examined growth before, during, and after a severe drought period in the 1950s to assess recovery rates across the moisture gradient. Using tree-ring analysis, I found growth to be slower and more sensitive to climate at the low moisture distributional limit than elsewhere within the spatial distribution. Trees at this site were more impacted by the 1950s drought and showed slower growth recovery in years following. Climate sensitivity declined across the gradient from xeric to mesic sites, while the pattern of growth rate increased from xeric to intermediate sites and then plateaued. Growth and sensitivity at the xeric site indicates that the distribution is limited by the trees' physiological intolerance to low moisture, while patterns at the mesic site suggest that this distributional limit is not related to intolerances to high moisture, but rather that biotic interactions (e.g. competition) may be the controlling factor. Therefore distributional limits at high and low moisture ends of the gradient are likely driven by different environmental factors and as a result will respond differently to future climate change. The electronic version of this dissertation is accessible from http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/155428
Download or read book Canadian Journal of Forest Research written by and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 650 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Questions Surrounding the hockey Stick Temperature Studies written by United States. Congress. House. Committee on Energy and Commerce. Subcommittee on Oversight and Investigations and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 880 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Encyclopedia of Quaternary Science written by Cary Mock and published by Newnes. This book was released on 2013-03-25 with total page 3883 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The second revised edition of the Encyclopedia of Quaternary Science, Four Volume Set, provides both students and professionals with an up-to-date reference work on this important and highly varied area of research. There are lots of new articles, and many of the articles that appeared in the first edition have been updated to reflect advances in knowledge since 2006, when the original articles were written. The second edition will contain about 375 articles, written by leading experts around the world. This major reference work is richly illustrated with more than 3,000 illustrations, most of them in colour. Research in the Quaternary sciences has advanced greatly in the last 10 years, especially since topics like global climate change, geologic hazards and soil erosion were put high on the political agenda. This second edition builds upon its award-winning predecessor to provide the reader assured quality along with essential updated coverage Contains 357 broad-ranging articles (4310 pages) written at a level that allows undergraduate students to understand the material, while providing active researchers with a ready reference resource for information in the field. Facilitates teaching and learning The first edition was regarded by many as the most significant single overview of Quaternary science ever, yet Editor-in-Chief, Scott Elias, has managed to surpass that in this second edition by securing even more expert reviews whilst retaining his renowned editorial consistency that enables readers to navigates seamlessly from one unfamiliar topic to the next
Download or read book El Ni o written by Henry F. Diaz and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 1992 with total page 510 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This 1993 book enhances our understanding of the mechanisms involved in the low frequency behavior of the El Nino/Southern Oscillation (ENSO) phenomenon.
Download or read book Tree ring Chronologies for Dendroclimatic Analysis written by D.O. Bowden and published by . This book was released on 1976 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
