Download or read book Demonstrating the Benefits of Engineered Direct Potable Reuse DPR Versus de Facto Reuse Systems written by Glen Boyd and published by . This book was released on 2014-05 with total page 120 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Understanding Water Reuse written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2012-10-05 with total page 16 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In communities all around the world, water supplies are coming under increasing pressure as population growth, climate change, pollution, and changes in land use affect water quantity and quality. To address existing and anticipated water shortages, many communities are working to increase water conservation and are seeking alternative sources of water. Water reuse- the sue of treated wastewater, or "reclaimed" water, for beneficial purposes such as drinking, irrigation, or industrial uses- is one option that has helped some communities significantly expand their water supplies. Understanding Water Reuse summarizes the main findings of the National Research Council report Water Reuse: Expanding the Nation's Water Supply Through Reuse of Municipal Wastewater. The report provides an overview of the options and outlook for water reuse in the United States, discusses water treatment technologies and potential uses of reclaimed water, and presents a new analysis that compares the risks of drinking reclaimed water to those of drinking water from traditional sources.
Download or read book Water Reuse written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2012-07-17 with total page 276 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Expanding water reuse-the use of treated wastewater for beneficial purposes including irrigation, industrial uses, and drinking water augmentation-could significantly increase the nation's total available water resources. Water Reuse presents a portfolio of treatment options available to mitigate water quality issues in reclaimed water along with new analysis suggesting that the risk of exposure to certain microbial and chemical contaminants from drinking reclaimed water does not appear to be any higher than the risk experienced in at least some current drinking water treatment systems, and may be orders of magnitude lower. This report recommends adjustments to the federal regulatory framework that could enhance public health protection for both planned and unplanned (or de facto) reuse and increase public confidence in water reuse.
Download or read book Water Reuse Policies for Potable Use written by Cecilia Tortajada and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2018-10-11 with total page 250 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As water demand has increased globally and resources have become more limited because of physical scarcity, over-exploitation and pollution, it has been necessary to develop more options for water supplies. These options include the production at large scale of high-quality reused water from municipal sources for potable uses. Their economic, social and environmental benefits have been many as they have addressed supply scarcity, efficient resource use and environmental and public health considerations. This book includes discussions on potable water reuse history; emerging contaminants and public health; public-private partnerships in the water reuse sector; regulatory frameworks for reused water in the United States and Europe; experiences in Australia, China in general and Beijing in particular, Singapore and Windhoek; narratives and public acceptance and perceptions of alternative water sources. The main constraints on implementation of water reuse projects in different parts of the world seem to have been lack of full public support due to perceived health hazards and environmental impacts. A main handicap has been that governments and water utilities have been slow to understand public concerns and perceptions. After several backlashes, public information, communication and awareness campaigns, broader participation and educational programmes have become integral parts of development policy and decision-making frameworks.
Download or read book Principles for Optimizing the Scale of Direct Potable Water Reuse written by Tianjiao Guo and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The US National Research Council recently recommended direct potable water reuse (DPR), or potable water reuse without environmental buffer, for consideration to address rising US water demand. In addition, conveyance of wastewater and water to and from centralized treatment plants currently consumes on average four times the energy of treatment in the US. Moreover, scaling of DPR systems involves tradeoffs beyond those of treatment facility economy-of-scale versus cost and energy of conveyance. In particular, additional factors favoring distributed DPR include minimization of energy for upgradient distribution of treated water, and retention of wastewater thermal energy. Therefore, a network modeling study addressing the optimal scale of DPR plants, considering variability in population density and topography, is presented in this dissertation. First, information on the cost of unit treatment processes potentially useful for DPR versus system capacity is reviewed, converted to constant 2012 US dollars, and synthesized. A logarithmic variant of the Williams Law cost function is proposed as applicable over orders of magnitude of system capacity, for the subject processes: activated sludge, membrane bioreactor, coagulation/flocculation, reverse osmosis, ultrafiltration, peroxone and granular activated carbon. Results are then demonstrated versus 10 DPR case studies. A generalized model of the cost of DPR water as a function of treatment plant scale, assuming futuristic, optimized conveyance networks, is then proposed for purposes of developing design principles. Fractal landscapes representing flat, hilly, and mountainous topographies were simulated, with urban, suburban, and rural housing distributions placed by modified preferential growth algorithm. Treatment plants were allocated by agglomerative hierarchical clustering, networked to buildings by minimum spanning tree. Simulation results indicate total DPR capital and operation & maintenance (O&M) costs, assuming new urban facilities with 20-year design life capable of mineralizing chemical oxygen demand to below detection limits, is competitive with current water/wastewater service costs at scales of ca. one plant per 10,000 residences. Costs for rural systems are high and dominated at most scales by the cost of capital for pipeline installation, while urban/suburban system cost is driven by a balance between pipeline installation and treatment equipment capital. The optimal scale of mineralizing DPR systems is projected to range widely in rural areas, and to range to service populations at least as small as 100 homes in suburban areas and 1000 residences in urban areas. Therefore, distributed DPR systems are recommended for consideration for municipal water and wastewater system capacity expansion projects, particularly in new construction zones. Finally, the proposed model is applied and demonstrated to evaluate the feasibility and optimal scale of DPR plants versus current plans for treatment capacity expansion in Miami-Dade County, Florida. Local data on the distribution of population and housing structures, and topography, were input, to evaluate four scenarios for the expansion service area: (a) proposed new wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) and assumed new water treatment plant treating County-projected flow; (b) central DPR treating flow expected under generalized conditions; (c) central DPR treating County-projected flow; (d) optimal distributed DPR treating expected generalized flow; and (e) new central water and wastewater systems treating expected generalized flow. Results suggest that DPR systems which mineralize organics so as to essentially eliminate discharge of endocrine-disrupting compounds to the environment may represent a practical alternative in many applications. Total cost was minimized at a scale of 46 plants for the service population of 671,823(4,810 per plant). Though DPR capital cost is projected at approximately twice that of the current plan, the total unit cost of $13.00/1000 gallons when added to O&M costs is approximately 51% higher than might be estimated for the current plan, and is less than reported for several major US cities and Florida municipalities. Overall, the model presented in this work confirms DPR as a potential water management alternative to address increasing water demand in the future, and presents an optimization approach that may be useful in planning studies. General design principals regarding the scale of DPR systems include the use of 100-10,000-home DPR systems in urban/suburban areas, and consideration of systems that return nutrients to agricultural sectors in rural areas.
Download or read book The Water Recycling Revolution written by William M. Alley and published by Rowman & Littlefield. This book was released on 2022-04-18 with total page 249 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A 2023 Choice Reviews Outstanding Academic Title Move past the “yuck factor” by learning the benefits and science behind recycling wastewater to beat climate change. In recent years, humans have begun to turn the age-old taboo against mixing sewage and drinking water on its head by using advanced treated wastewater to supplement a city’s drinking water supply. This increasingly widespread practice, known as potable reuse, qualifies as nothing less than a drinking water revolution. Water reuse offers a renewable, locally managed, and drought resistant water supply. The Water Recycling Revolution tracks the story of this development, examines the pros and cons, and explores its future potential. In this book, William M. Alley and Rosemarie Alley answer our most pressing questions: How do you get people to overcome the visceral reaction known as the “Yuck Factor” and not only drink, but appreciate, recycled water? What about all those pharmaceuticals and personal care products that people casually flush down the drain? Will diverting discharges from a wastewater treatment plant damage downstream users or ecosystems that previously depended on that water? And what are the implications for climate change? These questions are answered by delving into the history of major water recycling projects from California to Virginia, each with a unique story of what led them to develop potable reuse, as well as the challenges they had to overcome. Additional concerns addressed include pathogens, contaminants of emerging concern, achieving acceptable risk, onsite and decentralized reuse systems, and directpotable reuse. Recycling wastewater can make for a bright future in the fight against climate change, and this book is a valuable resource to convince readers.
Download or read book Water Reuse written by National Research Council (U.S.). Committee on the Assessment of Water Reuse as an Approach for Meeting Future Water Supply Needs and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 262 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Expanding water reuse--the use of treated wastewater for beneficial purposes including irrigation, industrial uses, and drinking water augmentation--could significantly increase the nation's total available water resources. Water Reuse presents a portfolio of treatment options available to mitigate water quality issues in reclaimed water along with new analysis suggesting that the risk of exposure to certain microbial and chemical contaminants from drinking reclaimed water does not appear to be any higher than the risk experienced in at least some current drinking water treatment systems, and may be orders of magnitude lower. This report recommends adjustments to the federal regulatory framework that could enhance public health protection for both planned and unplanned (or de facto) reuse and increase public confidence in water reuse.--
Download or read book The Opportunities and Economics of Direct Potable Reuse written by Robert S. Raucher and published by . This book was released on 2015-01 with total page 53 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Milestones in Water Reuse written by Valentina Lazarova and published by IWA Publishing. This book was released on 2013-01-15 with total page 393 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Milestones in Water Reuse: The Best Success Stories illustrates the benefits of water reuse in integrated water resources management and its role for water cycle management, climate change adaptation and water in the cities of the future. Selected case studies are used to illustrate the different types of water reuse, i.e. agricultural irrigation, golf course and landscape irrigation, urban and industrial uses, environmental enhancement, as well as indirect and direct potable reuse. The various aspects related to water reuse are covered, including treatment technologies, water quality, economics, public acceptance, benefits, keys for success and main constraints. These international case studies highlight the best practices for the implementation of water reuse and provide the perspective for the integration of water recycling projects in the future, both for megacities and rural areas. Milestones in Water Reuse: The Best Success Stories demonstrates that planned water reuse is a cost competitive and energy-saving option to increase water availability and reliability. This book provides policy makers and regulators with a good understanding of water reuse and helps them to consider recycled water as safe and how it can be used. It is intended to be read by all people in the water sector and shows how water reuse is safe, economically viable, environmentally friendly and can provide high social benefits. Editors: Valentina Lazarova, Suez Environnement, France Takashi Asano, University of California at Davis, USA Akica Bahri, African Development Bank, Tunisia John Anderson, Afton Water, Australia
Download or read book Clean Water and how to Get it written by Allen Hazen and published by . This book was released on 1914 with total page 258 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The United Nations world water development report 2017 written by WWAP and published by UNESCO Publishing. This book was released on 2017-03-15 with total page 197 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The United Nations World Water Assessment Programme (WWAP) is hosted and led by UNESCO. WWAP brings together the work of 31 UN-Water Members and 38 Partners to publish The United Nations World Water Development Report, (WWDR) series. The annual World Water Development Reports focus on strategic water issues. UN-Water Members and Partners, all experts in their respective fields, contribute the latest findings on a specific theme. The 2017 edition of the World Water Development Report focuses on 'Wastewater' and seeks to inform decision-makers, inside and outside the water community, about the importance of managing wastewater as an undervalued and sustainable source of water, energy, nutrients and other recoverable by-products, rather than something to be disposed of or a nuisance to be ignored. The report's title - Wastewater: The Untapped Resource - reflects the critical role that wastewater is poised to play in the context of a circular economy, whereby economic development is balanced with the protection of natural resources and environmental sustainability, and where a cleaner and more sustainable economy has a positive effect on the water quality. Improved wastewater management is not only critical to achieving the Sustainable Development Goal on clean water and sanitation (SDG 6), but also to other goals of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development.
Download or read book Advanced Oxidation Processes for Water Treatment written by Mihaela I. Stefan and published by IWA Publishing. This book was released on 2017-09-15 with total page 712 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Advanced Oxidation Processes (AOPs) rely on the efficient generation of reactive radical species and are increasingly attractive options for water remediation from a wide variety of organic micropollutants of human health and/or environmental concern. Advanced Oxidation Processes for Water Treatment covers the key advanced oxidation processes developed for chemical contaminant destruction in polluted water sources, some of which have been implemented successfully at water treatment plants around the world. The book is structured in two sections; the first part is dedicated to the most relevant AOPs, whereas the topics covered in the second section include the photochemistry of chemical contaminants in the aquatic environment, advanced water treatment for water reuse, implementation of advanced treatment processes for drinking water production at a state-of-the art water treatment plant in Europe, advanced treatment of municipal and industrial wastewater, and green technologies for water remediation. The advanced oxidation processes discussed in the book cover the following aspects: - Process principles including the most recent scientific findings and interpretation. - Classes of compounds suitable to AOP treatment and examples of reaction mechanisms. - Chemical and photochemical degradation kinetics and modelling. - Water quality impact on process performance and practical considerations on process parameter selection criteria. - Process limitations and byproduct formation and strategies to mitigate any potential adverse effects on the treated water quality. - AOP equipment design and economics considerations. - Research studies and outcomes. - Case studies relevant to process implementation to water treatment. - Commercial applications. - Future research needs. Advanced Oxidation Processes for Water Treatment presents the most recent scientific and technological achievements in process understanding and implementation, and addresses to anyone interested in water remediation, including water industry professionals, consulting engineers, regulators, academics, students. Editor: Mihaela I. Stefan - Trojan Technologies - Canada
Download or read book Modeling Occurrence and Assessing Public Perceptions of de Facto Wastewater Reuse Across the USA written by Jacelyn Rice and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 233 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The National Research Council 2011 report lists quantifying the extent of de facto (or unplanned) potable reuse in the U.S. as the top research need associated with assessing the potential for expanding the nations water supply through reuse of municipal wastewater. Efforts to identify the significance and potential health impacts of de facto water reuse are impeded by out dated information regarding the contribution of municipal wastewater effluent to potable water supplies. This project aims to answer this research need. The overall goal of the this project is to quantify the extent of de facto reuse by developing a model that estimates the amount of wastewater effluent that is present within drinking water treatment plants; and to use the model in conjunction with a survey to help assess public perceptions. The four-step approach to accomplish this goal includes: (1) creating a GIS-based model coupled with Python programming; (2) validating the model with field studies by analyzing sucralose as a wastewater tracer; (3) estimating the percentage of wastewater in raw drinking water sources under varying streamflow conditions; (4) and assessing through a social survey the perceptions of the general public relating to acceptance and occurrence of de facto reuse. The resulting De Facto Reuse in our Nations Consumable Supply (DRINCS) Model, estimates that treated municipal wastewater is present at nearly 50% of drinking water treatment plant intake sites serving greater than 10,000 people (N=2,056). Contrary to the high frequency of occurrence, the magnitude of occurrence is relatively low with 50% of impacted intakes yielding less than 1% de facto reuse under average streamflow conditions. Model estimates increase under low flow conditions (modeled by Q95), in several cases treated wastewater makes up 100% of the water supply. De facto reuse occurs at levels that surpass what is publically perceived in the three cities of Atlanta, GA, Philadelphia, PA, and Phoenix, AZ. Respondents with knowledge of de facto reuse occurrence are 10 times more likely to have a high acceptance (greater than 75%) of treated wastewater at their home tap.
Download or read book Water Reuse Issues Technologies and Applications written by Metcalf & Eddy Inc. an AECOM Company and published by McGraw Hill Professional. This book was released on 2007-01-29 with total page 1609 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An Integrated Approach to Managing the World's Water Resources Water Reuse: Issues, Technologies, and Applications equips water/wastewater students, engineers, scientists, and professionals with a definitive account of the latest water reclamation, recycling, and reuse theory and practice. This landmark textbook presents an integrated approach to all aspects of water reuse _ from public health protection to water quality criteria and regulations to advanced technology to implementation issues. Filled with over 500 detailed illustrations and photographs, Water Reuse: Issues, Technology, and Applications features: In-depth coverage of cutting-edge water reclamation and reuse applications Current issues and developments in public health and environmental protection criteria, regulations, and risk management Review of current advanced treatment technologies, new developments, and practices Special emphasis on process reliability and multiple barrier concepts approach Consideration of satellite and decentralized water reuse facilities Consideration of planning and public participation of water reuse Inside This Landmark Water/Wastewater Management Tool • Water Reuse: An Introduction • Health and Environmental Concerns in Water Reuse • Technologies and Systems for Water Reclamation and Reuse • Water Reuse Applications • Implementing Water Reuse
Download or read book Issues in Potable Reuse written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1998-08-23 with total page 290 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A small but growing number of municipalities are augmenting their drinking water supplies with highly treated wastewater. But some professionals in the field argue that only the purest sources should be used for drinking water. Is potable reuse a viable application of reclaimed water? How can individual communities effectively evaluate potable reuse programs? How certain must "certain" be when it comes to drinking water safety? Issues in Potable Reuse provides the best available answers to these questions. Useful to scientists yet accessible to concerned lay readers, this book defines important terms in the debate and provides data, analysis, and examples of the experience of municipalities from San Diego to Tampa. The committee explores in detail the two major types of contaminants: Chemical contaminants. The committee discusses how to assess toxicity, reduce the input of contaminants, evaluate treatment options, manage the byproducts of disinfection and other issues. Microbial contaminants, including newly emerging waterborne pathogens. The book covers methods of detection, health consequences, treatment, and more. Issues in Potable Reuse reviews the results of six health effects studies at operational or proposed reuse projects. The committee discusses the utility of fish versus mammals in toxicology testing and covers issues in quality assurance.
Download or read book Potable Reuse Research Compilation written by Jeffrey J. Mosher and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 190 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "The Water Environment & Reuse Foundation (WE&RF) (formerly, the WateReuse Research Foundation) invested in a research portfolio valued at over 24 million dollars to investigate different aspects of the technical feasibility of implementing direct potable reuse (DPR) projects. The purpose of this report is to summarize and synthesize key issues and findings from this research, as well as the results of complementary research, to provide a clear understanding of the state-of-the-art and state-of-the-science on DPR and to identify unknowns that may require further research. The topics addressed in this report include: source control, treatment trains, surrogates and log reduction credits for pathogens, pathogen monitoring, constituents of emerging concern, critical control points to monitor DPR systems, operation and maintenance of DPR facilities, operator training and certification, the resilience of DPR systems, and reliable and redundant treatment train performance. ... Keywords: Water reuse, direct potable reuse, advanced water treatment facility, advanced treated water, finished water, and research synthesis." -- page v.
Download or read book Drinking Water Through Recycling written by Stuart Khan and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 128 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
