Download or read book Demonstrating an Approach for Modeling Crop Growth and Hydrology Using SWAT 2009 in Kanopolis Lake Watershed Kansas written by Lorinda Larae Mollenkamp and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: According the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) website, our planet is at risk of global warming due to greenhouse gas emissions. The earth's average temperature has been reported to have risen by 1.4°F over the last century. This seemingly small increase in average planetary temperature has been linked to devastating floods, severe heat waves, and dangerous and unpredictable shifts in our climate (US EPA, 2013a). In the 2012 report, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change states that bioenergy has the potential to significantly mitigate greenhouse gases as long as this is produced in a sustainable manner (Chum, et al., 2011). In light of these facts, research into the sustainable production of bioenergy sources in the United States is currently underway. To ensure that the correct biofuel crop is selected for a given region and to investigate any secondary effects of changing our nation's agricultural practices to include biofuels, computer models can be very useful. The Soil Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) is a robust, continuous time step model that was developed by the USDA Agricultural Resource Service that can simulate changes in land use and land management and the effect this has on erosion, water quality, and other important factors. This paper describes the preliminary work to create a model of the Kanopolis Lake Watershed that is part of the Kansas River Basin using SWAT 2009. Data pertaining to weather, topography, land use, management, stream flow, and reservoirs was gathered and incorporated into the SWAT model. This was then simulated to obtain the uncalibrated data. SWAT produced unacceptable statistics for both crop yields and for stream flow using the Nash-Sutcliffe Efficiency equation and using percent bias. This suggests that the model must be calibrated to be of use in understanding both the current and future land use scenarios. Once the model is calibrated and validated, it can be used to simulate different biofuel cropping scenarios.

Download or read book Application of the SWAT Model for Water Components Separation in Iran written by Majid Hosseini and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-05-11 with total page 113 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Water balance studies for large and small river basins are the subject of this book. Here, the specific focus is on the soil and water assessment tools (SWAT) model coupled with geographic information system (GIS) remote sensing data for a comprehensive study. Some books available in the market provide an overview of different hydrological models for water balance but not specifically for the SWAT model. This book effectively utilizes the SWAT model to study the water balances in small and large catchments with consistent competence and excellent accuracy for yearly and monthly water balance modules along with suspended sediment yield over several slope classes of the catchments. The approach is new and has been successfully utilized, as discussed in a case study on the Taleghan Catchment in Iran. These implementation models may assist as advantageous techniques for incorporated management of catchments in the direction of sustainable development. This book will help readers who wish to study all the changes related to those in water balances.

Download or read book Modeling Impacts of Climate Change and Agricultural Management on Watershed Outputs in Midwestern USA written by Awoke Dagnew Teshager and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 246 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Applications of the SWAT model typically involve delineation of a watershed into subwatersheds/subbasins that are then further subdivided into hydrologic response units (HRUs) which are homogeneous areas of aggregated soil, landuse, and slope and are the smallest modeling units used within the tool. In a standard SWAT application, multiple potential HRUs (farm fields) in a subbasin are usually aggregated into a single HRU feature. In other words, the standard version of the model combines multiple potential HRUs (farm fields) with the same landuse/landcover (LULC), soil, and slope, but located in different places within a subbasin (spatially non-unique), and considers them as one HRU. In this study, ArcGIS pre-processing procedures were developed to spatially define a one-to-one match between farm fields and HRUs (spatially unique HRUs) within a subbasin prior to SWAT simulations to facilitate input processing, input/output mapping, and further analysis at the individual farm field level. Model input data such as LULC, soil, crop rotation and other management data were processed through these HRUs. The SWAT model was then calibrated/validated for the Raccoon River watershed in Iowa for 2002 to 2010 and the Big Creek River watershed in Illinois for 2000 to 2003. SWAT was able to replicate annual, monthly and daily streamflow, as well as sediment, nitrate and mineral phosphorous within recommended accuracy in most cases. The one-to-one match between farm fields and HRUs created and used in this study is a first step in performing LULC change, climate change impact, and other analyses in a more spatially explicit manner. The calibrated and validated SWAT model was then used to assess agricultural scenario and climate change impacts on watershed water quantity, quality, and crop yields. Modeling impacts of agricultural scenarios and climate change on surface water quantity and quality provides useful information for planning effective water, environmental, and land use policies. Despite the significant impacts of agriculture on water quantity and quality, limited literature exists modeling the combined impacts of agricultural scenarios and climate change on crop yields and watershed hydrology. Here, SWAT, was used to model the combined impacts of five agricultural scenarios and three climate scenarios downscaled using eight climate models. These scenarios were implemented in a well calibrated SWAT model for the Raccoon River watershed (RRW), IA. We run the scenarios for the historical baseline, early-century, mid-century, and late-century periods. Results indicate that historical and more corn intensive agricultural scenarios with higher CO2 emissions consistently result in more water in the streams and greater water quality problems, especially late in the 21st century. Planting more switchgrass, on the other hand, results in less water in the streams and water quality improvements relative to the baseline. For all given agricultural landscapes simulated, all flow, sediment and nutrient outputs increase from early-to-late century periods for the RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 climate scenarios. We also find that corn and switchgrass yields are negatively impacted under RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 scenarios in the mid and late 21st century. Finally, various agricultural best management practice (BMP) scenarios were evaluated for their efficiency in alleviating watershed water quality problems. The vast majority of the literature on efficiency assessment of BMPs in alleviating water quality problems base their scenarios analysis on identifying subbasin level simulation results. In the this study, we used spatially explicit HRUs, defined using ArcGIS-based pre-processing methodology, to identify Nitrate (NO3) and Total Suspended Solids (TSS) hotspots at the HRU/field level, and evaluate the efficiency of selected BMPs in a large watershed, RRW, using the SWAT model. Accordingly, analysis of fourteen management scenarios were performed based on systematic combinations of five agricultural BMPs (fertilizer/manure management, changing cropland to perennial grass, vegetative filter strips, cover crops and shallower tile drainage systems) aimed to reduce NO3 and TSS yields from targeted hotspot areas in the watershed at field level. Moreover, implications of climate change on management practices, and impacts of management practices on water availability and crop yield and total production were assessed. Results indicated that either implementation of multiple BMPs or conversion of an extensive area into perennial grass may be required to sufficiently reduce nitrate loads to meet the drinking water standard. Moreover, climate change may undermine the effectiveness of management practices, especially late in the 21 st century. The targeted approach used in this study resulted in slight decreases in watershed average crop yields, hence the reduction in total crop production is mainly due to conversion of croplands to perennial grass.

Download or read book Watershed Models written by Vijay P. Singh and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2010-09-28 with total page 678 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Watershed modeling is at the heart of modern hydrology, supplying rich information that is vital to addressing resource planning, environmental, and social problems. Even in light of this important role, many books relegate the subject to a single chapter while books devoted to modeling focus only on a specific area of application. Recognizing the

Download or read book Hydrologic Simulations of the Maquoketa River Watershed Using SWAT written by Manoj Jha and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 30 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Mathematical Models of Crop Growth and Yield written by Allen R. Overman and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2002-08-27 with total page 341 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Highlighting effective, analytical functions that have been found useful for the comparison of alternative management techniques to maximize water and nutrient resources, this reference describes the application of viable mathematical models in data analysis to increase crop growth and yields. Featuring solutions to various differential equations, the book covers the characteristics of the functions related to the phenomenological growth model. Including more than 1300 literature citations, display equations, tables, and figures and outlining an approach to mathematical crop modeling, Mathematical Models of Crop Growth and Yield will prove an invaluable resource.

Download or read book Modelling water and nutrient dynamics in soil crop systems written by K.Ch. Kersebaum and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-05-10 with total page 270 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book contains articles from a workshop on the modeling of water and nutrient dynamics in crop-soil systems. Data sets from lysimeters and experimental fields of multiyear crop rotations were provided for modelers. A unique data set is provided of a 100-year, long-term field experiment into crop yield and organic carbon development under different management systems. The book includes a detailed description of data sets which can be used by modelers and the papers describe the applications of 18 different modeling approaches.

Download or read book USDAHL 70 Model of Watershed Hydrology written by H. N. Holtan and published by . This book was released on 1971 with total page 92 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Hydrological Modelling of a Watershed Using SWAT Model written by Khushboo Kumari and published by . This book was released on 2015-10-15 with total page 84 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Modeling Water Quantity and Quality in an Agricultural Watershed in the Midwestern US Using SWAT written by Sudipta Kumar Mishra and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 185 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Iowa finds itself positioned at the epicenter of agricultural pollution due to the intensity of crop and livestock production, fertilizer inputs, altered hydrological landscapes, and other factors. To address such issues, the overarching objective of this research work was to understand the implications of an expansion in bioenergy crops as mandated by the Environmental Protection Agency's Renewable Fuel Standard 2 (through 2022) on hydrology and water quality in an agricultural watershed. In this research, the Soil Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model was calibrated and validated using field data obtained through water quality sensors and grab samples, and then model parameters were estimated for sensitivity and uncertainty analysis. Scenarios were generated based on Renewable Fuel Standards and evaluated for understanding the impacts of expanding bioenergy production on hydrology and water quality. Also output from an agent-based model was incorporated into SWAT for simulating watershed responses to different crop market scenarios.

Download or read book Response of Crops to Limited Water written by Lajpat Ahuja and published by ASA-CSSA-SSSA. This book was released on 2008 with total page 456 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Water stress and heat stress are considered to be two primary factors that limit crop production in many parts of the world. Global warming appears to be increasing the water requirements of plants. Understanding the impact of water deficit on plant physiological processes and efficient water management are of great concern in maintaining food production to meet ever increasing world food demand. The book addresses various climatic soil and plant factors that contribute to the water use efficiency in plants subjected to water stress. It covers all issues related to soil, plant and climatic factors that contribute to the crop responses to water stress. The books advances the knowledge in improving and sustaining crop yields in ever increasing unpredictable climatic fluctuations This book uses crop simulation models for response of crops to limited water under various management and climatic conditions.

Download or read book Digital Simulation in Hydrology written by Norman H. Crawford and published by . This book was released on 1966 with total page 464 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Hydrologic Modeling and Climate Change Study in the Upper Mississippi River Basin Using SWAT written by Manoj Jha and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 396 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dissertation describes the modeling efforts on the Upper Mississippi River Basin (UMRB) using the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model. The main goal of this study is to apply the SWAT model to the UMRB to evaluate the model as a tool for agricultural policy analysis and climate change impact analysis. A sensitivity analysis using influence coefficient method was conducted for eight selected hydrologic input parameters to identify the most to the least sensitive parameters. Calibration and validation of SWAT were performed for the Maquoketa River Watershed for streamflow on annual and monthly basis. The model was then validated for the entire UMRB streamflow and evaluated for a climate change impact analysis. The results indicate that the UMRB hydrology is very sensitve to potential future climate changes. The impact of future climate change was then explored for the streamflow by using two 10-year scenario periods (1990 and 2040s) generated by introducing a regional climate model (RegCM2) to dynamically downscale global model (HadCM2) results. The combined GCM-RCM-SWAT model system produced an increase in future scenario climate precipitation of 21% with a resulting 50% increase in total water yield in the UMRB. Furthermore, evaluation of model-introduced uncertainties due to use of SWAT, GCM, and RCM models yielded the highest percentage bias (18%) for the GCM downscaling error. Building upon the above SWAT validation, a SWAT modeling framework was constructed for the entire UMRB, which incorporates more detailed input data and is designed to assess the effects of land use, climate, and soil conditions on streamflow and water quality. An application of SWAT is presented for the Iowa and Des Moines River watersheds within the modeling framework constructed for the UMRB. A scenario run where conservation tillage adoption increased to 100% found a small sediment reduction of 5.8% for Iowa River Watershed and 5.7% for Des Moines River Watershed. On per-acre basis, sediment reduction for Iowa and Des Moines River Watersheds was found to be 1.86 and 1.18 metric tons respectively. Furthermore an attempt to validate the model for the entire UMRB yielded strong annual results.

Download or read book Using Field Measured Parameters with the SWAT Hydrological Model to Quantify Runoff at the Sub watershed Level written by Yuestas Tharmeegan David and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Using SWAT Soil Water and Assessment Tool to Evaluate Streamflow Hydrology in a Small Mountain Watershed in the Sierra Nevada Ca written by David Jonathan Bailey and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 58 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Hydrological models have been increasingly used for the effect of land cover change and forest management operations on hydrological processes. In the Sierra Nevada, where timber harvest and prescribed fire are commonly employed for forest management, hydrological models have rarely been used, especially in small watersheds. In this research, the SWAT model (Soil Water and Assessment Tool) was used to simulate streamflow on a daily time-step in P301, a small headwater mountain watershed located in the southern Sierra Nevada. The watershed is 1 km2, where about 72% of the land is covered by a dense mixed-conifer forest. SWAT performs satisfactorily with a coefficient of determination (R2) of 0.59 and a Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency value (NSE) of 0.59. This is important to know given the complexity arising from model uncertainty and the intricacies of Sierra Nevada hydrology. Although SWAT performed "satisfactory", the model still missed two key hydrological processes: the timing of snowmelt and isolated peak flow events. In addition, simulating streamflow on the daily time-step is good for understanding watershed processing and functioning but is not as useful for forest and land management. SWAT will need further model adjustments as well as monthly and yearly water yield estimates in order to be considered for the evaluation of forest management operations in P301.

Download or read book Multi criteria Validation of the SWAT Hydrologic Model in a Small Forested Watershed written by and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 157 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The goal of the study is to perform a multi-criteria automated calibration and validation of the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model using multiple observed datasets. A multi-criteria calibration uses multiple noncommensurable measures of information in order to improve the structural validity of the model. To achieve this goal two automated calibration methods, the Monte Carlo approach and the Multi-Objective Complex Evolution, are applied to a small watershed in western New York. Model calibration is performed in two stages. At the first stage a traditional manual calibration is employed. The purpose of the manual calibration is to ensure that the model provides an adequate representation of the catchment by modeling all relevant hydrologic processes, and to set the foundation and the basis of comparison with subsequent automated calibration. At the second stage an automated model calibration is performed using two strategies, a single-criteria and a multi-criteria. The single-criteria calibration for discharge at the outlet is performed with the Monte Carlo method. For the multi-criteria strategy the Multi-Objective Complex Evolution (MOCOM-UA) algorithm is employed to calibrate SWAT against several datasets of discharge and groundwater levels. The model is then validated using the split-sample and the proxy basin approaches. The study shows that multi-criteria calibration with the MOCOM-UA algorithm is able to utilize the information contained in the additional datasets to improve model performance. The effectiveness and efficiency of the MOCOM-UA calibration exceeds those of the single-objective calibration approach during both calibration and validation periods. It is demonstrated that the MOCOM-UA multi-objective calibration results in lower model uncertainty compared to the single-objective calibration. It is also shown that automated calibration with the MOCOM-UA and Monte Carlo methods is able to achieve better model performance than the traditional manual calibration.

Download or read book Applying Crop Models and Decision Support Systems written by 1994 TRAINING PROGRAM ON COMPUTER SIMULATION OF CROP GROWTH AND MANAGEMENT RESPONSES (Gainesville) and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 57 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The International Consortium for Agricultural Systems Applications; The decision support system for agrotechnology transfer version 3.0; Soil site-specific management: using soil spatial variability as a tool for land management practices; Using CROPGRO to evaluate grain legume response to climatic factors; Some potential applications of simulation models for cropping systems in Italy; Crop growth simulation Potchefstroom, South Africa; IRDDESS: irrigation district decision support system; Expert-N: a prototype building block system for nitrogen simulations models; Application of soybean crop models in Brazil; Testing and application of simulation models in bean-based farming systems in Guatemala; Evaluation and application of the dry bean and soybean models; An object-oriented process-level farming system simulator; Integration of crop simulation models and geographic information systems for farm-level applications; WIMOVAC: Windows Intuitive Model of Vegetation Response to Atmosphere and Climate Change; Development of a simulation models for evaluating hypotheses concerning the functioning of wheat crop systems; Development of a decision support systems for nitrogen fertilizer management for grain and groundwater qualities; A systems research approach using crop models in Albania; Relating environmental variables to crop growth and development; Developing and testing the CANEGRO model in Thailand; Best management practice decision support system for soybean; The ORYZA1 model for potential production of rice; Potential applications of crop models and decision support systems by the soil conservation service; Irrigated crop management in Portugal; Assessing the adapability of durum wheat genotypes to italian growing areas using crop simulation models; Using crop silumation models to support agricultural research planning in Mexico; Potential application of crop models and decision support systems: providing agrometeorological services in Trinidad and Tobago; Possibilities for yield increase and sustainability of cropping systems in Tanzania; Development of decision support systems for weed management; An integrated approach to assessing soil fertility and climatic interactions in pilot maize-producing areas of Kenya; Effects of predicted minimum and maximum temperature changes on wheat yields in the Great Plains of the United States: a simulation study; Using models to improve bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) production in the States of Aragua and Carabobo, Venezuela; Real-time yield forecasting in Burkina Faso.