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Book Demographics of Astronism Report 2020

Download or read book Demographics of Astronism Report 2020 written by Institutional Department of Demographics and published by Astronist Institution. This book was released on 2020-12-30 with total page 83 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Report title: Demographics of Astronism Report 2020 Report summary: The Demographics of Astronism Report 2020 is the second of its kind and its contents has been highly improved from the previous year's report. From details regarding Astronist freedoms by country to the standard statistics on Astronist demographics in each of Earth's countries and territories, this 2020 edition of the Demographics of Report is comprehensive yet succinct and to the point. Publication Code Identifier (PCI): DOA2020 Number of pages: 83 Report Publication Date: December 2020 Report Author: Institutional Department of Demographics Report Publisher: Astronist Institution via Astronism.com

Book Demographics of Astronism Report 2021

Download or read book Demographics of Astronism Report 2021 written by Institutional Department of Demographics and published by The Jesse Millette Company. This book was released on 2021-12-31 with total page 84 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Report title: Demographics of Astronism Report 2021 The Demographics of Astronism Report 2021 provides details on the state of Astronism in the world by each country and territory Astronist Institution by country and territory for the year 2021. This "state of Astronism" includes its demographic, sociocultural and legal status in each country. This 2021 issue of the Report also features two articles the "Institutional Dictionary" and "Establishment Era". The first of these explores Cometan's writing of The Institutional Dictionary of Astronism in March 2021 and how the publication of this dictionary has worked wonders in clarifying all aspects of the Astronist belief system that currently existed at the time. The second article focuses on the momentous occasion in which the Founding era of Astronism ended after exactly 8 years on 1st July 2021 which gave way to the beginning of the Establishment era. With the commencement of this new era, there are so many exciting plans. Cometan would like to share some of these plans with you in this Report. Publication Code Identifier (PCI): DOA2021 Number of pages: 84 Report Publication Date: 31st December 2021 Report Author: Institutional Department of Demographics Report Publisher: Astronist Institution via Astronism.com Source: Publisher

Book The Institutional Dictionary of Astronism

Download or read book The Institutional Dictionary of Astronism written by Cometan and published by Astral Publishing. This book was released on 2021-03-21 with total page 882 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Institutional Dictionary of Astronism is the cumulation of receptions between Cometan and the astronomical world during the Founding era (2013-2021). The publication of this very first full-length Institutional Dictionary of Astronism represents eight years of the development of Astronism from its inception to how it stands today in 2021. The publication of this dictionary also encapsulates Astronism exactly as it exists now and how Cometan conceives it by the end of the Founding era. This dictionary and its contents capture what Astronism is now for posterity to look back on how this astronomical belief system will change as time progresses. Many of the words and definitions of this dictionary will alter as we enter the Establishment era and Astronism continues its progression in becoming world religion. However, what will not ever change is Cometan’s absolute devotion to the stars of the night sky and his discovery of their secrets through his receptions, personal inspirations, and his overall relationship with The Great Cosmos. Covering all the major Astronist beliefs, practices, cultural elements, theories, branches of study, and historical events, A Dictionary of Astronism, also known as the Institutional Dictionary of Astronism, is published by the Astronist Institution through its subsidiary, Astral Publishing, to commemorate the end of the era of The Founding of Astronism. The Founding of Astronism began exactly eight years on 1st July 2013 which sparked Cometan's ideations and indrucies and which afforded him the insight, knowledge, and vision to found a new religious movement, philosophy, spirituality and political ideology. As The Founding of Astronism, also simply known as the Founding era, comes to an end, the Astronist Institution wants to acknowledge the fundamental importance of this year period of the history of Astronism and to the wider history of religion, philosophy and spirituality as a whole. The Dictionary of Astronism immortalises that commemorative spirit by providing thousands of definition entries of Astronist terms that have been authorised by Astronist Institution scholars for dissemination worldwide. This dictionary captures the most up-to-date understanding of what Astronism is and how it as a whole and its component parts should be defined. Enjoy this dictionary that emblematises Astronism and how this new religion has so far developed.

Book Omnidoxy

    Book Details:
  • Author : Cometan
  • Publisher : Astronist Institution
  • Release : 2019-02-11
  • ISBN :
  • Pages : 3357 pages

Download or read book Omnidoxy written by Cometan and published by Astronist Institution. This book was released on 2019-02-11 with total page 3357 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Omnidoxy is the founding treatise of the Astronist religion and was solely authored by the philosopher and religious founder, Cometan. Partitioned into twelve disquisitions, each of which are further divided into hundreds of discourses, which are themselves titled by those which are known as rubrals, The Omnidoxy has been codified according to a unique writing structure known as insentence. The Omnidoxy not only forms the foundations of Astronism, but it remains the primary modern contributor and the book that ignited the establishment of the Astronic tradition of religion which encompasses the philosophy of Astronism. Introducing brand new philosophical concepts such as cosmocentricity, reascensionism, transcensionism, and sentientism amongst many others, The Omnidoxy remains the principal signifier of a new era in philosophy. The Omnidoxy births hundreds of new belief orientations, schools of thought, neologisms, disciplines of study, theories, and concepts which, when combined and considered collectively, have formed the basis of Astronism. The authorship of The Omnidoxy rests with the single individual philosopher, Cometan who began writing The Omnidoxy at the age of seventeen driven by what he terms as personal inspiration. The historical origination of The Omnidoxy rests in its authorship by Brandon Taylorian during early 21st century England, specifically in the northern county of Lancashire. Like in all textual criticism, the timing and location of the codification of The Omnidoxy is integral to understanding why and how it was written, especially by considering the influential factors impacting Taylorian during his construction of the text, particularly the cultural, political, religious, and social contexts of Taylorian's personal life and of wider society at the time. This forms an important branch of study within omnidoxicology known as omnidoxical criticism, or omnidoxical exegesis in which scholars study and investigate The Omnidoxy in order to discern conclusive judgements inspired by how, where, why, by whom, for whom, and in what circumstances The Omnidoxy was written.

Book Irene Mary s October Letter

Download or read book Irene Mary s October Letter written by Irene Mary Taylor and published by Cometanica. This book was released on 2021-12-23 with total page 76 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In October 1998, Irene Mary Taylor penned a letter to the mother of Cometan, Louise J. Counsell regarding the baptism of Cometan. However, in the letter Irene Mary covers topics not just related to her grandson baptism but also regarding her Catholic faith. The letter has come to form the basis of Cometan's understanding of the beliefs and teachings that his grandmother held so dear to which has come to influence the foundations of her Cause for Beatification and her recognition as a Traditionalist Catholic figure. In this work Irene Mary's October Letter: An Introduction to Irenianism, Cometan provides an exegesis to his grandmother's letter from twenty-three years prior in which the foundations of Irenian theology, or Irenianism, were established.

Book The Rise of Contemporary Spiritualism

Download or read book The Rise of Contemporary Spiritualism written by Anne Kalvig and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2016-10-04 with total page 125 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Talking to the dead and communication with 'the other side' is often presented as a taboo in an increasingly technological and medically advanced world. However, practices of spiritualism and mediumship continue to remain popular and in high demand within contemporary Western societies. This book analyses the practices of today’s mediums, who insist on standing at the threshold between life and death, interpreting signs and passing on communications, and asks how such concepts and practices are perceived by contemporary society. Using first-hand material gathered from alternative fairs, mediumistic congresses, séances, and interviews with both practitioners and clients, as well as thorough textual analysis, Anne Kalvig provides a clear overview of the various forms of consumption of mediumship in Western society and places these within a socio-cultural, religious and historical context. She also raises questions as to the controversies surrounding spiritualism and its representation and relationship with popular culture and the media. This book will be of interest to researchers in the field of sociology, religious studies, folklore, media studies and anthropology as well as to anyone interested in the upsurge of contemporary spiritualism, psychic phenomena and the paranormal.

Book A Concise Dictionary of Astronism

Download or read book A Concise Dictionary of Astronism written by Cometan and published by Astral Publishing. This book was released on 2020-09-12 with total page 71 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A Concise Dictionary of Astronism, also referred to as The Concise Institutional Dictionary of Astronism, is published by the Astronist Institution via its subsidiary Astral Publishing to provide the public with a comprehensive set of definitional entries regarding the most central aspects of the Astronist philosophy and religion. This publication is the first in a series titled Institutional Reference Works which will consist of all reference books, dictionaries, and encyclopaedias authorised and published by the Astronist Institution. Designed for general readers with little or no knowledge of Astronism, this fine dictionary provides more than 300 clearly written, up-to-date, and authoritative entries on the practical, conceptual, and social spheres of the modern Astronist world. Under the editorship of the founder of Astronism, Cometan, A Concise Dictionary of Astronism offers a wealth of information anyone curious about the world's newest religion. – More than 300 entries focus mainly on the theological and philosophical concepts that form the foundation of Astronism. – Includes topics of current interest as the establishment of Astronism and its introduction to the masses, such as the Omnidoxy and Cometan. – A series of entires focus on Astronism in individual nations, such as the United Kingdom, the United States, and others where Astronism has currently assumed an official presence. – Biographical profiles range from Cometan to some of his notable ancestors and relatives that hold particular roles within the religion. – Informative discussions on Astronist views on a number of issues including abortion, birth control, and religious commercialisation. – Coverage also includes major movements and denominations within Astronism and an overview of the operations of the Astronist Institution. – A portion of the dictionary includes quotes from the Omnidoxy and the most well-known quotes of Cometan.

Book Rhemnology

    Book Details:
  • Author : Cometan
  • Publisher : Astral Publishing
  • Release : 2019-11-27
  • ISBN :
  • Pages : 17 pages

Download or read book Rhemnology written by Cometan and published by Astral Publishing. This book was released on 2019-11-27 with total page 17 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Rhemnology is the one-hundred and fourth instalment in the Little Blue Book Series and comprises the only first discourse of the Octadoxy, which is itself the eighth disquisition of the Omnidoxy, Astronism’s founding text. Within this single-discourse, an introduction to the inclusive discipline of rhemnology is provided which includes contemplations regarding both advancement and eschatology. This publication introduces the Astronist approach to eschatology and explores the concept of advancement in relation to the Astronist belief system. The Little Blue Book Series was created and first published by Cometan himself as a way to simplify and commercialise the immensity of the two million word length of the Omnidoxy into smaller, more bite-size publications. A successful series from its very first published entry, the Little Blue Book Series has gone on to become a symbol of Astronist commercial literature and a way for Cometan’s words to reach readers of all ages and abilities who remain daunted by the beauty and yet the sheer extensiveness of the Omnidoxy as the longest religious text in history.

Book Pagan Theology

    Book Details:
  • Author : Michael York
  • Publisher : NYU Press
  • Release : 2005-04
  • ISBN : 0814797083
  • Pages : 251 pages

Download or read book Pagan Theology written by Michael York and published by NYU Press. This book was released on 2005-04 with total page 251 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In Pagan Theology, Michael York situates Paganism—one of the fastest-growing spiritual orientations in the West—as a world religion. He provides an introduction to, and expansion of, the concept of Paganism and provides an overview of Paganism's theological perspective and practice. He demonstrates it to be a viable and distinguishable spiritual perspective found around the world today in such forms as Chinese folk religion, Shinto, tribal religions, and neo-Paganism in the West. While adherents to many of these traditions do not use the word “pagan” to describe their beliefs or practices, York contends that there is an identifiable position possessing characteristics and understandings in common for which the label “pagan” is appropriate. After outlining these characteristics, he examines many of the world's major religions to explore religious behaviors in other religions which are not themselves pagan, but which have pagan elements. In the course of examining such behavior, York provides rich and lively descriptions of religions in action, including Buddhism and Hinduism. Pagan Theology claims Paganism’s place as a world religion, situating it as a religion, a behavior, and a theology.

Book Dark Green Religion

    Book Details:
  • Author : Bron Raymond Taylor
  • Publisher : Univ of California Press
  • Release : 2010
  • ISBN : 0520237757
  • Pages : 357 pages

Download or read book Dark Green Religion written by Bron Raymond Taylor and published by Univ of California Press. This book was released on 2010 with total page 357 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "A love of green may be a human universal. Deepening the palette of green scholarship, Bron Taylor proves remarkably to be both an encyclopedist and a visionary."--Jonathan Benthall, author of Returning to Religion: Why a Secular Age is Haunted by Faith "This important book provides insight into how a profound sense of relation to nature offers many in the modern world a vehicle for attaining a spiritual wholeness akin to what has been historically associated with established religion. In this sense, Dark Green Religion offers both understanding and hope for a world struggling for meaning and purpose beyond the isolation of the material here and now."--Stephen Kellert, Yale University School of Forestry and Environmental Studies "In this thought-provoking volume, Bron Taylor explores the seemingly boundless efforts by human beings to understand the nature of life and our place in the universe. Examining in depth the ways in which influential philosophers and naturalists have viewed this relationship, Taylor contributes to the further development of thought in this critically important area, where our depth of understanding will play a critical role in our survival."--Peter H. Raven, President, Missouri Botanical Garden "Carefully researched, strongly argued, originally conceived, and very well executed, this book is a vital contribution on a subject of immense religious, political, and environmental importance. It's also a great read."--Roger S. Gottlieb, author of A Greener Faith: Religious Environmentalism and our Planet's Future "A fascinating analysis of our emotional and spiritual relationship to nature. Whether you call it dark green religion or something else, Bron Taylor takes us through our spiritual relationship with our planet, its ecosystems and evolution, in an enlightened and completely undogmatic manner."--Dr. Claude Martin, Former Director General, World Wildlife Fund "An excellent collection of guideposts for perplexed students and scholars about the relationships of nature religions, spirituality, animism, pantheism, deep ecology, Gaia, and land ethics--and for the environmentalist seeking to make the world a better place through green religion as a social force."--Fikret Berkes, author of Sacred Ecology: Traditional Ecological Knowledge and Resource Management "Dark Green Religion shows conclusively how nature has inspired a growing religious movement on the planet, contesting the long reign of many older faiths. Taylor expertly guides us through an astonishing array of thinkers, past and present, who have embraced, in part or whole, the new religion. I was thoroughly convinced that this movement has indeed become a major force on Earth, with great potential consequences for our environmental ethics."--Donald Worster, University of Kansas "In this exceptionally interesting and informative book, Bron Taylor has harvested the fruits of years of pioneering research in what amounts to a new field in religious studies: the study of how religious/spiritual themes show up in the work of people concerned about nature in many diverse ways. Taylor persuasively argues that appreciation of nature's sacred or spiritual dimension both informs and motivates the work of individuals ranging from radical environmentalists and surfers, to eco-tourism leaders and museum curators. I highly recommend this book for everyone interested learning more about the surprising extent to which religious/spiritual influences many of those who work to protect, to exhibit, or to represent the natural world."--Michael E. Zimmerman, Director, Center for Humanities and the Arts, University of Colorado at Boulder

Book Religion and Sustainability

Download or read book Religion and Sustainability written by Lucas F. Johnston and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2014-10-20 with total page 284 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sustainability is now key to international and national policy, manufacture and consumption. It is also central to many individuals who try to lead environmentally ethical lives. Historically, religion has been a significant part of many visions of sustainability. Pragmatically, the inclusion of religious values in conservation and development efforts has facilitated relationships between people with different value structures. Despite this, little attention has been paid to the interdependence of sustainability and religion, and no significant comparisons of religious and secular sustainability advocacy. Religion and Sustainability presents the first broad analysis of the spiritual dimensions of sustainability-oriented social movements. Exploring the similarities and differences between the conceptions of sustainability held by religious, interfaith and secular organizations, the book analyses how religious practice and discourse have impacted on political ideology and process.

Book Pagan Mysticism

    Book Details:
  • Author : Michael York
  • Publisher : Cambridge Scholars Publishing
  • Release : 2019-08
  • ISBN : 9781527535114
  • Pages : 349 pages

Download or read book Pagan Mysticism written by Michael York and published by Cambridge Scholars Publishing. This book was released on 2019-08 with total page 349 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As a non-dogmatic religion, paganism is a spiritualty that is variously interpreted in terms of nature worship, this-worldliness, the valuing of the physical, and multiple understandings of the sacred. Like most religions, pagan spirituality also entertains the experience of mystical ecstasy as an intense state of psycho-spiritual consciousness that radically diverges from ordinary waking awareness. This volume addresses two fundamental questions, namely: ?Ç£how do the world?ÇÖs religions understand the mystical and its pursuit??Ç¥, and ?Ç£how and why does paganism offer something different??Ç¥ Proverbially, the mystical quest is an ultimate human endeavour. The re-emergence of pagan thought in contemporary times challenges the obsolete and unlocks both innovation and available forms of transpersonal emancipation.

Book Cosmos

    Book Details:
  • Author : Carl Sagan
  • Publisher : Ballantine Books
  • Release : 2013-12-10
  • ISBN : 0345539435
  • Pages : 450 pages

Download or read book Cosmos written by Carl Sagan and published by Ballantine Books. This book was released on 2013-12-10 with total page 450 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: RETURNING TO TELEVISION AS AN ALL-NEW MINISERIES ON FOX Cosmos is one of the bestselling science books of all time. In clear-eyed prose, Sagan reveals a jewel-like blue world inhabited by a life form that is just beginning to discover its own identity and to venture into the vast ocean of space. Featuring a new Introduction by Sagan’s collaborator, Ann Druyan, full color illustrations, and a new Foreword by astrophysicist Neil deGrasse Tyson, Cosmos retraces the fourteen billion years of cosmic evolution that have transformed matter into consciousness, exploring such topics as the origin of life, the human brain, Egyptian hieroglyphics, spacecraft missions, the death of the Sun, the evolution of galaxies, and the forces and individuals who helped to shape modern science. Praise for Cosmos “Magnificent . . . With a lyrical literary style, and a range that touches almost all aspects of human knowledge, Cosmos often seems too good to be true.”—The Plain Dealer “Sagan is an astronomer with one eye on the stars, another on history, and a third—his mind’s—on the human condition.”—Newsday “Brilliant in its scope and provocative in its suggestions . . . shimmers with a sense of wonder.”—The Miami Herald “Sagan dazzles the mind with the miracle of our survival, framed by the stately galaxies of space.”—Cosmopolitan “Enticing . . . iridescent . . . imaginatively illustrated.”—The New York Times Book Review

Book Religious Individualisation

    Book Details:
  • Author : Martin Fuchs
  • Publisher : Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG
  • Release : 2019-12-16
  • ISBN : 3110580934
  • Pages : 1086 pages

Download or read book Religious Individualisation written by Martin Fuchs and published by Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. This book was released on 2019-12-16 with total page 1086 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume brings together key findings of the long-term research project ‘Religious Individualisation in Historical Perspective’ (Max Weber Centre for Advanced Cultural and Social Studies, Erfurt University). Combining a wide range of disciplinary approaches, methods and theories, the volume assembles over 50 contributions that explore and compare processes of religious individualisation in different religious environments and historical periods, in particular in Asia, the Mediterranean, and Europe from antiquity to the recent past. Contrary to standard theories of modernisation, which tend to regard religious individualisation as a specifically modern or early modern as well as an essentially Western or Christian phenomenon, the chapters reveal processes of religious individualisation in a large variety of non-Western and pre-modern scenarios. Furthermore, the volume challenges prevalent views that regard religions primarily as collective phenomena and provides nuanced perspectives on the appropriation of religious agency, the pluralisation of religious options, dynamics of de-traditionalisation and privatisation, the development of elaborated notions of the self, the facilitation of religious deviance, and on the notion of dividuality.

Book Macaque Societies

    Book Details:
  • Author : Bernard Thierry
  • Publisher : Cambridge University Press
  • Release : 2004-09-16
  • ISBN : 9780521818476
  • Pages : 438 pages

Download or read book Macaque Societies written by Bernard Thierry and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2004-09-16 with total page 438 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Animal and human societies are multifaceted. In order to understand how they have evolved, it is necessary to investigate each of the constituent facets including individual abilities and personalities, life-history traits, mating systems, demographic dynamics, gene flows, social relationships, ecology and phylogeny. By exploring the nature and evolution of macaque social organization, this book develops our knowledge of the rise of societies and their transformation during the course of evolution. Macaques are the most comprehensively studied of all monkey groups, and the 20 known species feature a broad diversity in their social relationships, making them a particularly good group for exploring the evolution of societies. This book will be of primary interest to those studying animal behaviour and primatology, but will also be useful to those involved in the study of human societies.

Book Billions   Billions

    Book Details:
  • Author : Carl Sagan
  • Publisher : Ballantine Books
  • Release : 1998-05-12
  • ISBN : 0345379187
  • Pages : 322 pages

Download or read book Billions Billions written by Carl Sagan and published by Ballantine Books. This book was released on 1998-05-12 with total page 322 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: NEW YORK TIMES BESTSELLER • In the final book of his astonishing career, Carl Sagan brilliantly examines the burning questions of our lives, our world, and the universe around us. These luminous, entertaining essays travel both the vastness of the cosmos and the intimacy of the human mind, posing such fascinating questions as how did the universe originate and how will it end, and how can we meld science and compassion to meet the challenges of the coming century? Here, too, is a rare, private glimpse of Sagan’s thoughts about love, death, and God as he struggled with fatal disease. Ever forward-looking and vibrant with the sparkle of his unquenchable curiosity, Billions & Billions is a testament to one of the great scientific minds of our day. Praise for Billions & Billions “[Sagan’s] writing brims with optimism, clarity and compassion.”—Ft. Lauderdale Sun-Sentinel “Sagan used the spotlight of his fame to illuminate the abyss into which stupidity, greed, and the lust for power may yet dump us. All of those interests and causes are handsomely represented in Billions & Billions.”—The Washington Post Book World “Astronomer Carl Sagan didn’t live to see the millennium, but he probably has done more than any other popular scientist to prepare us for its arrival.”—Atlanta Journal & Constitution “Billions & Billions can be interpreted as the Silent Spring for the current generation. . . . Human history includes a number of leaders with great minds who gave us theories about our universe and origins that ran contrary to religious dogma. Galileo determined that the Earth revolved around the Sun, not the other way around. Darwin challenged Creationism with his Evolution of Species. And now, Sagan has given the world its latest challenge: Billions & Billions.”—San Antonio Express-News “[Sagan’s] inspiration and boundless curiosity live on in the gift of his work.”—Seattle Times & Post-Intelligencer “Couldn’t stay awake in your high school science classes? This book can help fill in the holes. Acclaimed scientist Carl Sagan combines his logic and knowledge with wit and humor to make a potentially dry subject enjoyable to read.”—The Dallas Morning News

Book Language  Education and Uyghur Identity in Urban Xinjiang

Download or read book Language Education and Uyghur Identity in Urban Xinjiang written by Joanne Smith Finley and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2015-10-30 with total page 226 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As the regional lingua franca, the Uyghur language long underpinned Uyghur national identity in Xinjiang. However, since the ‘bilingual education’ policy was introduced in 2002, Chinese has been rapidly institutionalised as the sole medium of instruction in the region’s institutes of education. As a result, studies of the bilingual and indeed multi-lingual Uyghur urban youth have emerged as a major new research trend. This book explores the relationship between language, education and identity among the urban Uyghurs of contemporary Xinjiang. It considers ways in which Uyghur urban youth identities began to evolve in response to the state imposition of ‘bilingual education’. Starting by defining the notion of ethnic identity, the book explores the processes involved in the formation and development of personal and group identities, considers why ethnic boundaries are constructed between groups, and questions how ethnic identity is expressed in social, cultural and religious practice. Against this background, contributors adopt a special focus on the relationship between language use, education and ethnic identity development. As a study of ethnicity in China this book will be of huge interest to students and scholars of Chinese culture and society, Asian ethnicity, cultural anthropology, sociolinguistics and Asian education.