Download or read book Delineating River Bottom Substrate Using Very High resolution Digital Imagery Derived from Large Scale Aerial Photography written by Rodney Wade Lemonds and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 52 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Keywords: Aerial Photography, Digital Imagery, Substrate Classification.
Download or read book Delineating River Bottom Substrate Using Very High Resolution Digital Imagery Derived from Large Scale Aerial Photography written by and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Progress Energy is currently relicensing the Tillery and Blewett Falls developments (i.e., Yadkin-Pee Dee River Hydroelectric Project No. 2206) with the Federal Regulatory Commission (FERC). As part of the relicensing process, Progress Energy established Resource Work Groups (RWG) during May 2003 to identify environmental issues associated with Project operations and develop study plans, if necessary, specific to Project lands and associated lakes and tailwater area. The Water Resources Work Group identified the need to document existing gravel and cobble bars in the immediate tailwater areas below the Tillery and Blewett Falls Hydroelectric Plants and determine the stability or persistence of these substrate types through time (i.e., Progress Energy [2004] and Water RWG Issue No. 10, "Sediment Transport"). Characterizing substrates is important for three reasons. First, many fish and other aquatic species require specific substrate types for spawning and inhabitation. Gravel and cobble, in particular, provide a substantial amount of surface area for deposition of eggs into redds or adhering to exposed surfaces. These substrate types also provide the micro-habitat conditions and interstitial spaces needed by many fish and aquatic invertebrate species. Second, the substrate composition determines the roughness of stream channel, and roughness has a large influence on the channel hydraulics (water depth, width, and current velocity) of stream habitat. Third, substrate composition, including the degree of embeddedness, can indicate localized and broader watershed anthropogenic influences on stream habitat quality. For example, small particle composition may reflect land surface disturbances such as forestry and agriculture practices (Bain and Stevenson 1999). The study objective was to assess the distribution and extent of the existing substrate types, including gravel and cobble bars, in the immediate tailwater areas below the Tillery and Blewett Falls Hydroelectric page.
Download or read book Shasta Lake Water Resources Investigation Draft Lower McCloud River Technical Report written by and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 152 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Gravel Bed Rivers written by Michael Church and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2012-02-10 with total page 605 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Gravel-Bed Rivers: Processes, Tools, Environments presents a definitive review of current knowledge of gravel-bed rivers, derived from the 7th International Gravel-bed Rivers Workshop, the 5-yearly meeting of the world’s leading authorities in the field. Each chapter in the book has been specifically commissioned to represent areas in which recent progress has been made in the field. The topics covered also represent a coherent progression through the principal areas of the subject (hydraulics; sediment transport; river morphology; tools and methods; applications of science). Definitive review of the current knowledge of gravel-bed rivers Coverage of both fundamental and applied topics Edited by leading academics with contributions from key researchers Thoroughly edited for quality and consistency to provide coherent and logical progression through the principal areas of the subject.
Download or read book Effects of Channel Morphology and Sensor Spatial Resolution on Image derived Depth Estimates written by Carl J. Legleiter and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 17 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The utility of remote sensing in the study of fluvial systems depends upon the extent to which image data can be used to derive quantitative information of sufficient accuracy and precision for specific applications. In this study, we evaluate the effects of channel morphology on depth retrieval by coupling a radiative transfer model to various morphologic scenarios. Upwelling radiance L-u spectra generated for a range of depths (2-150 cm) and benthic cover types (limestone, periphyton, and gravel) were linearly mixed to simulate subpixel bed topography and substrate heterogeneity. For sloping bottoms, solar-streambed geometry modified L-u relative to a level bottom, especially for beds sloping steeply away from the sun. Aggregate pixel scale L-u spectra were compared to a database of simulated spectra to determine the radiance-equivalent depth of a uniform bottom (REDUB). REDUB spectra for hypothetical stepped streambeds indicated underestimation of the actual area-weighted mean depth, but the ln(L-u, L-560/L-u, L-690) REDUB ratio consistently reproduced the pixel-scale mean for beta distributions of depths. Similarly, when both dark periphyton and bright limestone substrates occurred within a pixel, REDUB spectra produced large errors while the ratio proved robust. Along channel banks, pixels will inevitably be mixed, and our simulations indicated that although bank fractions estimated by spectral mixture analysis were highly accurate for vegetated cutbanks, gravel bars were sensitive to the selection of both aquatic and terrestrial end members and subject to relatively large fraction errors. These theoretical results were tested using a ratio-based relative depth map and two-end member mixture models derived from a hyperspectral image of the Lamar River in Yellowstone National Park, which also served to illustrate the importance and applicability of our simulations. The primary conclusions of this study are that 1) the ratio-based algorithm is well-suited to complex river channels; 2) channel morphology and sensor spatial resolution must be considered jointly during data collection and analysis; and 3) the accuracy and precision of depth estimates are influenced by channel morphology and thus vary spatially. -- Abstract.
Download or read book General Classification Handbook for Floodplain Vegetation in Large River Systems written by Jennifer J. Dieck and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 64 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Remote Sensing of Earth Resources written by NASA Scientific and Technical Information Facility and published by . This book was released on 1970 with total page 620 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Derivation of River Bathymetry Using Imagery from Unmanned Aerial Vehicles UAV written by Matthew Pawlenko and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 67 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In many places that U.S. forces operate, there exists an insufficient amount of data regarding river water depths, which is a necessity for safe operational planning. Satellite sensors and airborne manned platforms have been used for bathymetric derivation, but are not in abundance, nor do they have the spatial resolution required to examine smaller rivers. Using Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV), this research examines the feasibility of using a ratio method with digital imagery to derive water depths, as well as a simpler polynomial regression to create a lookup table for use in the field. The results show that the ratio method of Red to Blue had higher correlation than Red color band on its own, and that the simple polynomial regression using a ratio of Red to Blue had higher correlation than more widely accepted methods. However, both methods are limited by a maximum depth, which is defined as the point where color no longer changes with depth. All depths beyond this point appear as this maximum depth. These findings show that using imagery from UAVs for bathymetric derivation could be a feasible alternative to accepted satellite imagery methods, but further research is needed to demonstrate operational utility.
Download or read book Wetlands written by Committee on Characterization of Wetlands and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1995-09-20 with total page 329 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Wetlands" has become a hot word in the current environmental debate. But what does it signify? In 1991, proposed changes in the legal definities of wetlands stirred controversy and focused attention on the scientific and economic aspects of their management. This volume explores how to define wetlands. The committee--whose members were drawn from academia, government, business, and the environmental community--builds a rational, scientific basis for delineating wetlands in the landscape and offers recommendations for further action. Wetlands also discusses the diverse hydrological and ecological functions of wetlands, and makes recommendations concerning so-called controversial areas such as permafrost wetlands, riparian ecosystems, irregularly flooded sites, and agricultural wetlands. It presents criteria for identifying wetlands and explores the problems of applying those criteria when there are seasonal changes in water levels. This comprehensive and practical volume will be of interest to environmental scientists and advocates, hydrologists, policymakers, regulators, faculty, researchers, and students of environmental studies.
Download or read book WinXSPRO written by Thomas B. Hardy and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 110 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: WinXSPRO is an interactive Windows software package designed to analyze stream channel cross section data for geometric, hydraulic, and sediment transport parameters. WinXSPRO was specifically developed for use in high-gradient streams (gradient > 0.01) and supports four alternative resistance equations for computing boundary roughness and resistance to flow. Cross section input data may be from standard cross section surveys using a rod and level or sag-tape procedures. WinXSPRO allows the user to subdivide the channel cross section into multiple sub-sections and has the ability to vary watersurface slopes with discharge to reflect natural conditions. Analysis options include developing stage-discharge relationships, evaluating changes in channel cross-sectional area, and computing sediment transport rates. Resource specialists can use the estimated stream-channel geometry cross section hydraulic characteristics and sediment transport output to assist with channel design and monitoring, instream flow analysis, the restoration of riparian areas, and the placement of instream structures.
Download or read book River Science written by David J. Gilvear and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2016-05-02 with total page 430 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: River Science is a rapidly developing interdisciplinary field at the interface of the natural sciences, engineering and socio-political sciences. It recognises that the sustainable management of contemporary rivers will increasingly require new ways of characterising them to enable engagement with the diverse range of stakeholders. This volume represents the outcome of research by many of the authors and their colleagues over the last 40 years and demonstrates the integral role that River Science now plays in underpinning our understanding of the functioning of natural ecosystems, and how societal demands and historic changes have affected these systems. The book will inform academics, policy makers and society in general of the benefits of healthy functioning riverine systems, and will increase awareness of the wide range of ecosystem goods and services they provide.
Download or read book Airphoto Interpretation of the Form and Behavior of Alluvial Rivers written by James C. Brice and published by . This book was released on 1975 with total page 13 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A scheme for the classification of alluvial rivers, according to form properties observable on vertical black and white airphotos, is presented. The scheme was developed by analysis of about 250 river reaches, which occur in climatic conditions ranging from arctic to equatorial and which probably represent the full range of types. Most reaches are in the U.S. where, in addition to sequential aerial photography, large-scale maps and gaging station records were obtained for 200 reaches. Use was made of maps and ERTS imagery for foreign rivers. According to the scheme, a river reach is classified additively according to its degree and character of sinuosity, braiding, and anabranching. A total of 3120 river types can be distinguished and designated by numbers and letters, such that no designation is longer than 6 spaces. Aspects of river behavior that have been reported on during the investigation include the evolution and classification of meander loops, rates of lateral migration for specific rivers, and the size-frequency distribution and succession of meander loops.
Download or read book Structure from Motion in the Geosciences written by Jonathan L. Carrivick and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2016-07-15 with total page 208 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Structure from Motion with Multi View Stereo provides hyperscale landform models using images acquired from standard compact cameras and a network of ground control points. The technique is not limited in temporal frequency and can provide point cloud data comparable in density and accuracy to those generated by terrestrial and airborne laser scanning at a fraction of the cost. It therefore offers exciting opportunities to characterise surface topography in unprecedented detail and, with multi-temporal data, to detect elevation, position and volumetric changes that are symptomatic of earth surface processes. This book firstly places Structure from Motion in the context of other digital surveying methods and details the Structure from Motion workflow including available software packages and assessments of uncertainty and accuracy. It then critically reviews current usage of Structure from Motion in the geosciences, provides a synthesis of recent validation studies and looks to the future by highlighting opportunities arising from developments in allied disciplines. This book will appeal to academics, students and industry professionals because it balances technical knowledge of the Structure from Motion workflow with practical guidelines for image acquisition, image processing and data quality assessment and includes case studies that have been contributed by experts from around the world.
Download or read book Remote Sensing of Wetlands written by Ralph W. Tiner and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2015-03-23 with total page 574 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Effectively Manage Wetland Resources Using the Best Available Remote Sensing TechniquesUtilizing top scientists in the wetland classification and mapping field, Remote Sensing of Wetlands: Applications and Advances covers the rapidly changing landscape of wetlands and describes the latest advances in remote sensing that have taken place over the pa
Download or read book Riverine Ecology Volume 2 written by Susanta Kumar Chakraborty and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-02-27 with total page 953 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is part of a two-volume set that offers an innovative approach towards developing methods and tools for assigning conservation categories of threatened taxa and their conservation strategies by way of different phases of eco-restoration in the context of freshwater river systems of tropical bio-geographic zones. The set provides a considerable volume of research on the biodiversity component of river ecosystems, seasonal dynamics of physical chemical parameters, geo-hydrological properties, types, sources and modes of action of different types of pollution, river restoration strategies and methodologies for the ongoing ecological changes of river ecosystems. Volume 2 highlights biodiversity potential in aiding the resistance and resilience of riverine ecosystem functioning and their synergistic effects on ongoing environmental perturbations. Comprehensive information on the conservation of river-associated-wildlife is provided, covering the impacts of pollution, land-use changes, river policies, and ecosystem restoration strategies. The book offers an innovative approach towards developing methods and tools for assigning conservation categories of threatened taxa, and covers their conservation strategies by way of different phases of eco-restoration in the context of freshwater river systems of tropical bio-geographic zones.
Download or read book Wetlands Detection Methods Investigation written by K. H. Lee and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 84 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The purpose of this investigation was to research and document the application of remote sensing technology to wetland detection and mapping. Various remote sensing sensors and platforms are evaluated (1) for suitability to monitor specific wetlands systems; (2) for their effectiveness in detailing the extent of wetlands; (3) for their capability to monitor changes; and (4) for the resulting relative cost-benefits of implementing and updating wetlands databases. The environment to be monitored consists of physiographic and ecological wetland resources affected directly or indirectly by anthropogenic activity. Air craft and satellite remote sensing can be used to record and assess the condition of these resources. Monitoring of environmental conditions is based on the observation and interpretation of certain landscape features. Although some forms of monitoring are continuous, resource monitoring from aircraft and satellite platforms is periodic in nature, with change being documented through a series of observations over a given span of time. This report summarizes the findings of a bibliographic search on the methods used to inventory and/or detect changes in wetland environments. The bibliography contains numerous citations and is not intended to be all-inclusive. Books, major journals, and symposium proceedings were examined. The findings documented will provide the potential user with a basic understanding of remote sensing technology as it is applied to wetland monitoring and trend analysis.
Download or read book Coral Reef Remote Sensing written by James A. Goodman and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-04-18 with total page 446 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Remote sensing stands as the defining technology in our ability to monitor coral reefs, as well as their biophysical properties and associated processes, at regional to global scales. With overwhelming evidence that much of Earth’s reefs are in decline, our need for large-scale, repeatable assessments of reefs has never been so great. Fortunately, the last two decades have seen a rapid expansion in the ability for remote sensing to map and monitor the coral reef ecosystem, its overlying water column, and surrounding environment. Remote sensing is now a fundamental tool for the mapping, monitoring and management of coral reef ecosystems. Remote sensing offers repeatable, quantitative assessments of habitat and environmental characteristics over spatially extensive areas. As the multi-disciplinary field of coral reef remote sensing continues to mature, results demonstrate that the techniques and capabilities continue to improve. New developments allow reef assessments and mapping to be performed with higher accuracy, across greater spatial areas, and with greater temporal frequency. The increased level of information that remote sensing now makes available also allows more complex scientific questions to be addressed. As defined for this book, remote sensing includes the vast array of geospatial data collected from land, water, ship, airborne and satellite platforms. The book is organized by technology, including: visible and infrared sensing using photographic, multispectral and hyperspectral instruments; active sensing using light detection and ranging (LiDAR); acoustic sensing using ship, autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV) and in-water platforms; and thermal and radar instruments. Emphasis and Audience This book serves multiple roles. It offers an overview of the current state-of-the-art technologies for reef mapping, provides detailed technical information for coral reef remote sensing specialists, imparts insight on the scientific questions that can be tackled using this technology, and also includes a foundation for those new to reef remote sensing. The individual sections of the book include introductory overviews of four main types of remotely sensed data used to study coral reefs, followed by specific examples demonstrating practical applications of the different technologies being discussed. Guidelines for selecting the most appropriate sensor for particular applications are provided, including an overview of how to utilize remote sensing data as an effective tool in science and management. The text is richly illustrated with examples of each sensing technology applied to a range of scientific, monitoring and management questions in reefs around the world. As such, the book is broadly accessible to a general audience, as well as students, managers, remote sensing specialists and anyone else working with coral reef ecosystems.
