Download or read book Defluoridation from Aqueous Solution by Cattle Bone Char and Hydroxyapatite written by Dachuan Tang and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 83 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Water containing fluoride beyond 1 mg/L is harmful to human health. In this study, cattle bone char (BC) and hydroxyapatite (HAP) were used in fluoride removal from water. The BC and HAP surface characteristics were investigated by BET, FTIR, XRD,XPS and SEM analysis. BET analysis shows that BC had a higher specific area (59.62 m2/g) than HAP (45.69 m2/g), and their pores size are 9.52 nm and 9.51 nm respectively. XRD analysis reveals that Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2 is the major constituent of BC and HAP. The effects of adsorbent dose, pH, initial fluoride concentration, temperature, and ionic strength on adsorption capacity were explored. The adsorption capacity increases with initial fluoride concentration and decreases with pH, and the maximum adsorption capacities of BC and HAP are 10.23 and 12.90 mmol/g at pH 3 respectively. The adsorption isotherms were evaluated by Freundlich and Langmuir models across fluoride concentration. Based on XRD, XPS and FTIR pattern shown, the major mechanisms of the BC and HAP for fluoride removal with increasing fluoride concentrations are surface complex formation and electrostatic interactions between adsorbent surface and fluoride, then ion exchange, and then precipitation of CaF2.
Download or read book Adsorption Mechanism of Bone Chars for Defluoridation of Groundwater written by Benyapa Sawangjang and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 184 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The purpose of the research was to examine the adsorption fluoride onto pig bone char (PBC), chicken bone char (CKBC), and cow bone char (CBC) adsorbents. Bone char (BC) adsorbents were generated by charring process. The BC synthesis was characterized the physicochemical properties by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and N2 adsorption-desorption isotherm. According to the XRD result, PBC could produce higher percentage of hydroxyapatite (HAP) than those of CKBC and CBC adsorbents. Furthermore, the electrostatic interaction between BC surface and fluoride ion was dominant mechanism. The adsorption kinetics and adsorption isotherms were examined under batch condition. Along with the kinetic study, the adsorption fluoride on all of adsorbents reached to the equilibrium after 3 hours of contact time. The pseudo-second order model was found to fit well with the fluoride adsorption kinetic of all adsorbents. According to the adsorption isotherm result, all adsorbents showed adsorption isotherm, which best fitted with Langmuir isotherm model. The result reveled that the adsorption of fluoride on BC synthesized adsorbents affected by pH solution and anions. In addition, Low fluoride removal efficiency was observed when synthetic water of fluoride was used.
Download or read book Design and Applications of Hydroxyapatite Based Catalysts written by Doan Pham Minh and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2022-06-15 with total page 580 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Essential reference for researchers and experts in industry highlighting the rapidly growing field of hydroxyapatite-based catalysts and their application in various chemical processes. Hydroxyapatite (Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2) is the main mineral component of human and animal bones. It is largely applied in the field of biomaterials due to its biocompatibility. Recently, hydroxyapatite-based materials have especially gained a lot of attention by researchers in catalysis, as they are versatile and have shown precious properties of a good catalyst and catalyst support such as excellent ion-exchange capacity, high porosity, very low water solubility, controlled basicity/acidity, and good thermal stability at high temperatures. Design and Applications of Hydroxyapatite-Based Catalysts gives a detailed overview of the synthesis, characterization, and use of hydroxyapatite-based materials in catalysis. It covers synthetic hydroxyapatites (from pure chemicals or waste), natural apatites and materials from eggshells and animal bones. The application of hydroxyapatite-based catalysts in selective oxidation, deoxygenation, selective hydrogenation, dehydrogenation reactions, organic synthesis, as well as reforming processes and production of energy carriers is reviewed. Moreover, electrocatalysis and photocatalysis using hydroxyapatite-based materials are discussed. Kinetic and mechanism studies of various chemical pro-cesses over hydroxyapatite-based catalysts are also presented. This is the first book solely dedicated to hydroxyapatite-based materials and their use in catalysis. Covers synthesis and characterization, surface and structure studies, kinetic and mechanism aspects, and various applications in heterogeneous catalysis, electrocatalysis, and photocatalysis. Aimed at further stimulating research in the field Design and Applications of Hydroxyapatite-Based Catalysts is an indispensable source-of-information for researchers in academia and industry working in catalysis.
Download or read book Potable Water Defluoridation written by David L. Mwanili and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Porous Materials written by Juan Carlos Moreno-Piraján and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-03-10 with total page 363 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is written in honor of Prof. Francisco Rodriguez-Reinoso, who has made significant contributions in the area of porous materials such as active carbons and graphenes. It details the preparation of porous materials, including carbonaceous, zeolitic, and siliceous materials, MOFs, aerogels, and xerogels, describing the characterization techniques and the interpretation of the results, and highlighting common errors that can occur during the process. This book subsequently presents the use of modeling based on thermodynamics to describe the materials. Lastly, it illustrates a number of current environmental protection applications in the context of both water and air.
Download or read book Surface Modified Carbons as Scavengers for Fluoride from Water written by Venkataraman Sivasankar and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-08-19 with total page 236 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book discusses the problems and feasible remediation of fluoride contamination in groundwater. The book investigates applications of various carbons derived from bio-mass and bio-polymers. It also inquires into surface modified carbons that use inorganic ions to help remove excess fluoride ions in drinking water and wastewater effluents. The compliance of kinetic and isotherm models with fluoride sorption is covered, and the suggested mechanisms of defluoridation by surface modified carbon materials is described.
Download or read book Separations of Water Pollutants with Nanotechnology written by Satinder Ahuja and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2022-04-29 with total page 320 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Separations of Water Pollutants with Nanotechnology, the latest volume in the Separation Science and Technology series, offers new solutions for remediating water pollution utilizing nanomaterials with separation methods. Current water purification methods are unsuitable, inconvenient or expensive, so there is a need for new and better processes and techniques. Nanomaterials can purify water by removing pollutants such as heavy metals, pathogens, organic compounds, inorganic compounds, pharmaceuticals, and chemicals of emerging concern. These can effectively replace membrane-based methods if the right expertise is developed—this book helps separation scientists do just that. Existing water treatment problems can be solved by applying a nanotechnology-based processes: antimicrobial nanotechnology, zero-valent iron nanoparticles, nanoadsorbents, nano-enhanced membranes, nanometal oxides, and nano photocatalysts. The current literature places emphasis on materials chemistry rather than the separation methods used for water purification. This new volume presents a collection of chapters that deal with remediation based on separation chemistry. Written by leaders in their respective fields from around the world and edited by Satinder Ahuja, a leading expert on water quality improvement Covers the environmental impact of anthropogenic nanoparticles and plant derived bionanomaterials, which are not contained in other books related to nanomaterials for water purification Illustrates key information visually wherever possible throughout the book, e.g. process diagrams in the nanomaterial synthesis and nanomembrane fabrication chapters, electron microscope images, and more
Download or read book Carbon Based Material for Environmental Protection and Remediation written by Mattia Bartoli and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2020-08-19 with total page 190 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Carbon-Based Material for Environmental Protection and Remediation presents an overview of carbon-based technologies and processes, and examines their usefulness and efficiency for environmental preservation and remediation. Chapters cover topics ranging from pollutants removal to new processes in materials science. Written for interested readers with strong scientific and technological backgrounds, this book will appeal to scientific advisors at private companies, academics, and graduate students.
Download or read book The Adsorption of Fluoride Ions by Hydroxyapatite from Aqueous Solutions written by Li-Ju Judy Lin and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page 128 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Extraction 2018 written by Boyd R. Davis and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-08-18 with total page 2976 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This three volume set presents papers from the first collaborative global metallurgy conference focused exclusively on extractive topics, including business and economic issues. Contributions examine new developments in foundational extractive metallurgy topics and techniques, and present the latest research and insights on emerging technologies and issues that are shaping the global extractive metallurgy industry. The book is organized around the following main themes: hydrometallurgy, pyrometallurgy, sulfide flotation, and extractive metallurgy markets and economics.
Download or read book Green Adsorbents written by George Z. Kyzas and published by Bentham Science Publishers. This book was released on 2015-12-01 with total page 127 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Adsorption technology is a promising avenue for wastewater treatment. Numerous adsorbent materials are presently synthesized. Green or environmental friendly adsorbents are derived from plants and agricultural crop sources, giving them a very low production cost when compared to synthetic polymers. This monograph explains the basic principles of green adsorption technology, their production processes and strategies to remove different categories of environmental pollutants (dyes, heavy metals and phenols/pesticides). The book explains details in terms of features such as adsorption capacity, physico-chemical kinetics and reuse potential. A summary of the economics and future prospect for green adsorption technology is also given. This text is a handy reference for environmental chemistry students, researchers and policy makers.
Download or read book Book on Ion Exchange Adsorption and Solvent Extraction written by Mu Naushad and published by Nova Science Publishers. This book was released on 2013 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Water is a vital element for life. Each recognised form of life on earth, from the smallest microbes to the largest mammals, rely on water. But the amount of fresh water on the earth is limited. Due to industrialization, urbanization, and rapid growth of population; even this small amount of fresh water is compromised. This comprehensive book covers 14 review chapters on todays rapidly growing areas of ion exchange, adsorption and solvent extraction and provides an important resource for scientists, and researchers in the fields of environmental science, chemistry, nanotechnology, material science and engineering.
Download or read book Bone Char Removal of Fluoride and Arsenic from Contaminated Water in the Presence of Competing Ions and Alkaline Conditions written by Maia Giselle Fitzstevens and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 102 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Fluoride in Drinking water written by John Kirtley Fawell and published by World Health Organization. This book was released on 2006 with total page 145 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fluoride is known to occur at elevated concentration in a number of parts of the world, where it can be a significant cause of disease. The primary focus of this book is the prevention of adverse health effects from excessive levels of fluoride in drinking water. The book fills the urgent need, identified for updating the WHO Guidelines for Drinking-water Quality, for information on the occurrence of fluoride, its health effects, ways of reducing excess levels, and methods for analysis of fluoride in water. The draft document, produced by a working group of experts convened to consider protection from fluoride and its control, was issued for extensive review and consultation. The resultant book, which incorporates the comments received, was further peer reviewed by experts in developed and developing countries. It is aimed at a wide range of individuals, including health workers and sanitary engineers who may require a broad introduction to the subject with more detailed guidance in some specific areas. Fluoride in Drinking-waterwill be an invaluable reference source for all those concerned with the management of drinking water containing fluoride and the health effects arising from its consumption, including water sector managers and practitioners, as well as health sector staff at policy and implementation levels. It will also be of interest to researchers, students, development workers, and consultants.
Download or read book Emerging Trends in Environmental Biotechnology written by Sukanta Mondal and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2022-07-04 with total page 315 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The environment is an all-encompassing component of the ecosystem of "Blue planet - the earth", made up of the hydrosphere, atmosphere and lithosphere. These three spheres have biotic and abiotic components which exhibit ecological homeostasis that provides the most appropriate survival chances for the members of biotic component and geochemical balance with abiotic components. This ecosystem is subjected to relatively harsh conditions, mostly created by the disastrous activities due to natural calamities and intentional and/or accidental anthropogenic activities. Biotechnology has become a potential tool to dissipate such environmental impacts because of the advancement it has undergone recently. Emerging Trends in Environmental Biotechnology is an outstanding collection of current research that integrates basic and advanced concepts of biotechnology such as genomics, proteomics, bioinformatics, sequencing, and imaging processes to improvise and protect the environment. This book is particularly attractive for scientists, researchers, students, educators and professionals in environmental science, agriculture, veterinary and biotechnology science. The book will enable them to solve the problems about sustainable development with the help of current innovative biotechnologies such as recombinant DNA technology and genetic engineering which have tremendous potential for impacting global food security, environmental health, human and animal health and overall livelihood of mankind. Features Presents easy-to-read chapters Information is presented in a very accessible and logical format Identifies and explores biotechnological approaches for environmental protection Encompasses biodegradation of hazardous contaminants, biotechnology in waste management, nanotechnology, and issues in environmental biotechnology research
Download or read book Advanced Treatment Technologies for Fluoride Removal in Water written by Akhilesh Kumar Yadav and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2024-01-01 with total page 364 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents an overview of the techniques available today for the removal of fluoride contamination/pollutants/species from water. Also covered are traditionally applied techniques for the removal of fluoride pollutants/species, including oxidation, coagulation-flocculation, and membrane techniques. Recently, progress has been made on the utility of various nanoparticles for the extraction of contaminants from water. Fluoride contamination is affecting water resources quality worldwide as a result of human activities, such as mining and pesticide use. Due to the high risk of fluoride exposure, specific water treatment processes are required to meet more severe water quality standards. A better understanding of currently available processes is necessary to develop economical, efficient, and effective methods for fluoride removal. Fluoride can either be coated, adsorbed using a wide range of both mineral and organic constituents or can be directly rejected by membrane processes, such as reverse osmosis and nanofiltration. Recent developments of submerged hybrid membrane systems, such as membrane bioreactors in wastewater treatment, provide alternative technologies for fluoride treatment.
Download or read book Modern Pediatric Dentistry written by Vinay Kumar Srivastava and published by JP Medical Ltd. This book was released on 2011-06 with total page 384 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Dentistry is a continuously evolving field, with recent advances in topics such as adhesive dental materials, instruments, microbiology, physiology, preventative dentistry, genetics and forensic science. Modern Pediatric Dentistry begins with an introduction to the field and then guides students through the recent advances and discusses different dental conditions found in children and the various methods of treatment.
