Download or read book Defensive Mechanisms in Social Insects written by Henry R. Hermann and published by Greenwood. This book was released on 1984 with total page 280 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Insect Defenses written by David L. Evans and published by SUNY Press. This book was released on 1990-01-01 with total page 502 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This work takes a fresh, modern approach to investigate and explain the predator and prey relationships of insects and spiders, the major terrestrial fauna on earth. Devoted to broad and in-depth analysis of arthropod defenses against predators, the book's approach is both experimentally and theoretically based with major emphasis on evolution, predator strategies and tactics, and prey defensive adaptations and behaviors. The authors explain such topics as cryptic and aposematic coloration, the conflict between sexual and survival needs, web spider prey choice and evolution of prey counter defenses, predator-prey interactions and the origins of intelligence, bird predatory tactics, and caterpillar defense strategies. Also examined is the use of timing for fitness and survival, evolutionary gamesmanship in the predatory bat-moth relationship, colony defense by aper wasps, startle as a defense by moths, aggregation as a defense, chemicals as defenses, plant chemicals as defenses, and venoms as defenses. The authors illustrate each topic with numerous specific well-documented examples presented in a clear, readable style.
Download or read book Defense Mechanisms of Insects written by D. Hoffmann and published by . This book was released on 1983 with total page 10 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Plant Toxins written by P. Gopalakrishnakone and published by . This book was released on with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Social Insects V2 written by Henry Hermani and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2012-12-02 with total page 506 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Social Insects, Volume II is essentially a continuation and review of topics covered in Volume I. The main focus of this volume is on the systematic of eusocial hymenoptera and the closely associated realms of presocial insects and social non-insectan arthropods. Consisting of five major chapters, this volume starts with the chapter on the enemies and defense mechanisms of termites. Several mechanisms are discussed in this chapter, such as defense by the nest, workers, and soldiers. Chapter 3 focuses on presocial insects and a comparison of parental care without nests and based on nests. Chapter 4 discusses the sociality of Arachnida and emphasizes the patterns and evolution of sociality in Arachnida, particularly spiders. Two chapters discuss the social hymenoptera, including its defensive mechanisms and its systematics. This volume will be of great help to students and professionals in the field of entomology, biology, and zoology.
Download or read book Social Insects written by Henry R. Hermann and published by . This book was released on 1979 with total page 520 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The enemies and defense mechanisms of termites; Defensive mechanisms in the social hymenoptera; Presocial insects; Sociality in the arachnida; Systematics of social hymenoptera.
Download or read book Integrated Behavioral And Immune Defense Strategies Of Trachymyrmex Septentrionalis written by Hellen Edwards and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The lifestyle of social insects makes them highly susceptible to pathogen infection compared with non-social insects. Among social insects, the challenges faced by fungus-growing ants additionally differ from those of other insects because they maintain clonal, mutualistic fungus gardens that can get diseased in addition to the ants, which themselves can also get diseased. Fungus-growing ants use behavioral and chemical mechanisms to defend both their fungus gardens and themselves from infection by foreign microbes. Previous research has characterized defensive behaviors and chemical responses to these pathogens, including the ants' association with the defensive symbiont Pseudonocardia and the antibiotic secretions produced by the ants' metapleural glands. Much less is known about the ants' immune system and the potential role of antimicrobial peptides (AMP) in such defense. We hypothesized that the ants use behavioral and immune defenses in response to pathogen infection and modulate these responses in a pathogen-specific manner. We used inoculation bioassays and RTqPCR analysis to examine the fungus growing ant T. septentrionalis's weeding behavior and AMP gene expression levels following treatment with pathogens of the fungus garden (Trichoderma and Escovopsis), ant pathogens (Metarhizium brunneum and Beauvaria bassiana), and bacteria isolated from a fresh fungus garden that represent natural symbionts and immigrants of the fungus garden, which might also cause a fitness decrease. The ants increased their weeding behavior significantly following treatment with ant pathogens, but no significant changes were observed following treatments with fungus garden pathogens or with fungus garden bacteria, indicating that ant responses differ between microbes. Overall AMP gene expression levels did not differ between treatments. Only some AMP genes were detected in control subcolonies, suggesting that the other AMP genes are repressed in the absence of infection. In certain treatments, some AMP genes were induced or repressed. However, most of these patterns were idiosyncratic and varied between colonies. Thus, both ant weeding behavior and AMP gene expression changed in response to infections, but AMP gene expression was much more variable between both treatments and colonies. Based on our findings, we propose that the ants respond to infection by integrating multiple defense mechanisms and that this response varies based on pathogen type.
Download or read book Pheromones and Defensive Secretions in Social Insects written by Philip Edwin Howse and published by . This book was released on 1975 with total page 266 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Pheromones and defensive secretions in social insects written by and published by . This book was released on 1975 with total page 248 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Neurobiology of Chemical Communication written by Carla Mucignat-Caretta and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2014-02-14 with total page 614 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Intraspecific communication involves the activation of chemoreceptors and subsequent activation of different central areas that coordinate the responses of the entire organism—ranging from behavioral modification to modulation of hormones release. Animals emit intraspecific chemical signals, often referred to as pheromones, to advertise their presence to members of the same species and to regulate interactions aimed at establishing and regulating social and reproductive bonds. In the last two decades, scientists have developed a greater understanding of the neural processing of these chemical signals. Neurobiology of Chemical Communication explores the role of the chemical senses in mediating intraspecific communication. Providing an up-to-date outline of the most recent advances in the field, it presents data from laboratory and wild species, ranging from invertebrates to vertebrates, from insects to humans. The book examines the structure, anatomy, electrophysiology, and molecular biology of pheromones. It discusses how chemical signals work on different mammalian and non-mammalian species and includes chapters on insects, Drosophila, honey bees, amphibians, mice, tigers, and cattle. It also explores the controversial topic of human pheromones. An essential reference for students and researchers in the field of pheromones, this is also an ideal resource for those working on behavioral phenotyping of animal models and persons interested in the biology/ecology of wild and domestic species.
Download or read book Information Processing in Social Insects written by Claire Detrain and published by Birkhäuser. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 414 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Claire Detrain, Jean-Louis Deneubourg and Jacques Pasteels Studies on insects have been pioneering in major fields of modern biology. In the 1970 s, research on pheromonal communication in insects gave birth to the dis cipline of chemical ecology and provided a scientific frame to extend this approach to other animal groups. In the 1980 s, the theory of kin selection, which was initially formulated by Hamilton to explain the rise of eusociality in insects, exploded into a field of research on its own and found applications in the under standing of community structures including vertebrate ones. In the same manner, recent studies, which decipher the collective behaviour of insect societies, might be now setting the stage for the elucidation of information processing in animals. Classically, problem solving is assumed to rely on the knowledge of a central unit which must take decisions and collect all pertinent information. However, an alternative method is extensively used in nature: problems can be collectively solved through the behaviour of individuals, which interact with each other and with the environment. The management of information, which is a major issue of animal behaviour, is interesting to study in a social life context, as it raises addi tional questions about conflict-cooperation trade-oft's. Insect societies have proven particularly open to experimental analysis: one can easily assemble or disassemble them and place them in controllable situations in the laboratory.
Download or read book Pheromone Communication In Social Insects written by Robert K. Vander Meer and published by Westview Press. This book was released on 1998 with total page 392 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Characteristically, social insects rely heavily on behavioral mechanisms and associated pheromonal chemistry to maintain their sociality and to successfully function as a colony unit. Bringing together for the first time prominent researchers in social insect pheromone communication, including nestmate recognition, this book looks at ants, wasps, bees, and termites, highlighting areas of convergence and divergence among these groups, and identifying areas that need further investigation. Presenting broad synthetic overviews as well as species-specific studies, the volume will be useful to natural scientists, ecologists, and those interested in pest management, as well as to anyone interested in the fascinating chemically mediated behavioral interactions of social insects.
Download or read book Comparative Social Evolution written by Dustin R. Rubenstein and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2017-03-24 with total page 479 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Darwin famously described special difficulties in explaining social evolution in insects. More than a century later, the evolution of sociality - defined broadly as cooperative group living - remains one of the most intriguing problems in biology. Providing a unique perspective on the study of social evolution, this volume synthesizes the features of animal social life across the principle taxonomic groups in which sociality has evolved. The chapters explore sociality in a range of species, from ants to primates, highlighting key natural and life history data and providing a comparative view across animal societies. In establishing a single framework for a common, trait-based approach towards social synthesis, this volume will enable graduate students and investigators new to the field to systematically compare taxonomic groups and reinvigorate comparative approaches to studying animal social evolution.
Download or read book The Biology Of Social Insects written by Michael D. Breed and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2019-06-25 with total page 441 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this book internationally known experts provide a comprehensive view of current knowledge of social insect biology including much previously unpublished information. Particular emphasis is given to the relationships between social insects and humans; sections are devoted to economically important social insects, pollination, foraging, and the role of insects in ecosystems and agroecosystems. The authors also discuss communication, behavior and caste within insect colonies. A special section focuses on the neurobiology of social insects. A series of papers considers the presocial insects, which live in family groups but without caste differences. Also well represented are the fields of sociobiology and the origins and evolution of social behavior. The book will be valuable to agricultural scientists as well as to entomologists, sociobiologists, ecologists, ethologists, and natural historians. Endocrinologists and neurobiologists will also find important new material.
Download or read book Induced Responses to Herbivory written by Richard Karban and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 2007-12-01 with total page 332 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Plants face a daunting array of creatures that eat them, bore into them, and otherwise use virtually every plant part for food, shelter, or both. But although plants cannot flee from their attackers, they are far from defenseless. In addition to adaptations like thorns, which may be produced in response to attack, plants actively alter their chemistry and physiology in response to damage. For instance, young potato plant leaves being eaten by potato beetles respond by producing chemicals that inhibit beetle digestive enzymes. Over the past fifteen years, research on these induced responses to herbivory has flourished, and here Richard Karban and Ian T. Baldwin present the first comprehensive evaluation and synthesis of this rapidly developing field. They provide state-of-the-discipline reviews and highlight areas where new research will be most productive. Their comprehensive overview will be welcomed by a wide variety of theoretical and applied researchers in ecology, evolutionary biology, plant biology, entomology, and agriculture.
Download or read book Studies on the Defence Mechanisms of Insects in Vivo written by Julia Beverley Walters and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book How Not to Be Eaten written by Gilbert Waldbauer and published by University of California Press. This book was released on 2021-04-06 with total page 238 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: “At times this informative book turns wonderfully gross and lovely, reminding us that there’s an entire universe of largely unnoticed creatures all around us.”—Audubon All animals must eat. But who eats who, and why, or why not? Because insects outnumber and collectively outweigh all other animals combined, they comprise the largest amount of animal food available for potential consumption. How do they avoid being eaten? From masterful disguises to physical and chemical lures and traps, predatory insects have devised ingenious and bizarre methods of finding food. Equally ingenious are the means of hiding, mimicry, escape, and defense waged by prospective prey in order to stay alive. This absorbing book demonstrates that the relationship between the eaten and the eater is a central—perhaps the central—aspect of what goes on in the community of organisms. By explaining the many ways in which insects avoid becoming a meal for a predator, and the ways in which predators evade their defensive strategies, Gilbert Waldbauer conveys an essential understanding of the unrelenting coevolutionary forces at work in the world around us.
