Download or read book Defense related Gene Expression in Soybean Cultivars with Different Levels of Partial Resistance to Phytophthora Sojae written by Miguel E. Vega-Sánchez and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 228 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Study of Incomplete Resistance to Phytophthora Sojae in Soybean written by Santiago Xavier Mideros Mora and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 252 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract: Phytophthora root and stem rot caused by Phytophthora sojae, is a serious limitation to soybean production in the United States. Extensive deployment of Rps genes in soybean cultivars has led to adaptations in the P. sojae populations. Partial resistance to P. sojae in soybeans is effective against all races of the pathogen and is a form of incomplete resistance where the plant reduces the rate of colonization of the pathogen. In addition to partial resistance other types of incomplete resistance have also been described. Rps2 is a single dominant gene that confers incomplete resistance in soybean hypocotyls. Root resistance, thought to be quantitatively inherited, is another form of race specific resistance that appears to function only in the roots. In order to differentiate partial resistance from the other types of incomplete resistance that are race specific, components of resistance were analyzed and the cytology of infection compared. For this study attempts to genetically transform P. sojae to express a marker gene were unsuccessful. Three components were measured (lesion length, oospore production and infection frequency) in 8 soybean genotypes that were inoculated with non-transformed P. sojae isolates on the roots. Light and epifluorescent microscopy were used to study transversal cuts of Trypan blue stained root samples that were also inoculated with P. sojae. Soybean partial resistance was found to be composed of various components that interact to produce the partial resistance phenotype for defense against P. sojae in the roots. It was also found that the Rps2 and root resistant genotypes had significantly reduced levels for all of the components of resistance studied in comparison to the partially resistant genotype Conrad. However, the high levels of partial resistance in Jack were indistinguishable from the Rps2 reaction for all the components studied. In the cytology study it was found that P. sojae penetrates into all the soybean incomplete resistant genotypes: partial resistant, Rps2, and root resistant. Several mechanisms of resistance were observed: i) the resistance phenotype (Rpsla) contained the pathogen biotrophic growth from between 0 to 24 hal in a hypersensitive response; ii) Rps2 and root resistance phenotypes, also stopped growth of the pathogen but this occurred between 24 and 48 hal in a delayed hypersensitive response and iii) the partial resistance and the susceptible phenotypes allowed biotrophic colonization ofF. sojae. Finally a methodology to differentiate among mechanisms of incomplete resistance to P. sojae in soybean was identified based on the number of dead cells and extent of colonization that differed in partial resistance and Rps2 phenotypes.

Download or read book Genome wide Analyses for Partial Resistance to Phytophthora Sojae Kaufmann and Gerdemann in Soybean glycine Max L Merr Populations from North America and the Republic of Korea written by Rhiannon N. Schneider and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Phytophthora root and stem rot of soybean (Glycine max) is caused by the oomycete pathogen Phytophthora sojae. This disease can be controlled by genetic resistance, but can cause devastating yield losses in fields planted with susceptible soybean cultivars and results in losses of around $300 million annually in the US. Partial resistance is considered to be more durable against P. sojae than race-specific resistance conferred by Rps genes and is theoretically effective against all races of this pathogen. Evaluation of a historical set of public cultivars representing 80 years of soybean breeding indicated that there have been genetic gains for partial resistance; however, these gains may have begun to plateau in the 1970s to early 1980s. Cultivars developed in Ohio generally have high levels of partial resistance to P. sojae; however, there is little known about the genetic regions associated with the partial resistance. Further improvement of increasing partial resistance could be achieved through the introgression of known quantitative trait loci (QTL) from plant introductions from the Republic of Korea (South Korea), which contain high levels of partial resistance. From an analysis of 1,398 plant introductions with a wide range of phenotypic expression of resistance, sixteen single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were associated with partial resistance to P. sojae. These SNPs were located in three genomic regions, or QTL, on chromosomes 3, 13, and 19. The QTL on chromosome 19 represented a novel locus, whereas the QTL on chromosomes 3 and 13 were coincident with previously identified QTL for partial resistance and/or Rps genes. In contrast, a genome-wide association study carried out in Ohio breeding lines was unable to detect any significant marker-trait associations, limiting the ability to use marker assisted selection to improve partial resistance in this population. However, genomic selection (GS) was shown to be a promising means of selection, with efficiencies relative to phenotypic selection of 0.5 to 1. Importantly, GS can be implemented through use of multi-trait indices which include yield. As exotic germplasm with high levels of partial resistance are identified, GS may be a valuable tool for utilizing exotic sources of partial resistance to P. sojae while maintaining or improving yield.

Download or read book Identification and Dissection of Soybean QTL Conferring Resistance to Phytophthora Sojae written by Hehe Wang and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 156 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract: Phytophthora root and stem rot is the second most serious soybean disease in the USA. Partial resistance in soybean confers a broad-spectrum resistance to Phytophthora sojae and is expressed as reduced infection efficiency, smaller root lesions and reduction in oospore production, and is conferred by quantitative trait loci (QTL). In several host-pathosystems, the detection of an individual QTL differed depending on the specific pathogen isolate or phenotypic assay that was used. In soybean-P. sojae interaction, few broad-spectrum QTL have been identified and very little is known about the molecular mechanisms that contribute to this trait. The hypotheses for this study were that: i) there were more QTL in soybean conferring resistance to P. sojae; ii) soybean QTL with minor effect would respond differentially to P. sojae isolates and phenotypic assays; iii) candidate genes underlying the QTL vary in sequence between the resistant and susceptible genotypes, as well as different expression response during P. sojae infection; and iv) a complex network of defense-pathways is underlying each soybean QTL conferring resistance to P. sojae. Thus the first objective of this study was to map soybean QTL conferring broad-spectrum resistance to P. sojae in the soybean cultivar 'Conrad'. A F 4:6 population from a cross of Conrad and susceptible 'Sloan' was challenged with three P. sojae isolates using two different phenotypic assays. Ten QTL were identified on Chr. 8, 12, 13 (13-1, 13-2), 14, 17, 18 (18-1, 18-2), and 19 (19-1, 19-2). Of these, the QTL 18-2, 19-1, and 19-2 from Conrad, responded to multiple isolates as well as both phenotypic assays, and explained the largest percent of phenotypic variation. RILs with resistance alleles at these QTL had significantly higher yields than those with susceptible alleles in a P. sojae infested field. These QTL were further confirmed in the Conrad x Sloan F 6:8 population. These results indicate these three QTL as the best candidates for resistance breeding. The second objective of this study was to identify the candidate genes conferring partial resistance under these QTL. Microarray analysis identified genes with significantly different expression patterns between Conrad and Sloan, both constitutively and following inoculation. Of these genes, those co-localized with the QTL encoded proteins with unknown functions, or proteins related to defense or physiological traits. Seventeen genes were selected and their expression patterns were confirmed by qRT-PCR. The QTL 19-1 and 19-2 were further dissected by sequence and expression analysis of genes between the resistant and susceptible genotypes. A total of 1025 SNPs were identified between Conrad and Sloan through sequencing of 153 genes. A list of candidate genes with significantly different infection response between the resistant and susceptible lines were identified, including those involved in signal transduction, hormone-mediated pathways, plant cell structural modification, ubiquitination, and basal resistance. These findings suggest a complex defense network with multiple mechanisms underlying individual soybean QTL conferring resistance to P. sojae. Overall, this study will contribute to soybean resistance breeding by providing additional QTL, candidate genes and SNP markers for marker-assisted resistance breeding.

Download or read book Functional Gene Analysis of Resistance QTL Towards Phytophthora Sojae on Soybean Chromosome 19 written by Anna K. Stasko and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 332 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Phytophthora sojae is the causal agent of Phytophthora root and stem rot of soybean. One of the most effective disease management strategies against this pathogen is the use of resistant cultivars, primarily through single gene, Rps-mediated resistance. However, numerous populations of P. sojae have adapted to most Rps genes that are deployed in modern soybean cultivars, rendering them susceptible to this pathogen. Quantitative resistance, conferred by quantitative disease resistance loci (QDRL), offers an alternative to Rps-based resistance. Previous studies mapped two QDRL to chromosome 19 in the soybean cultivar Conrad, which has a high level of quantitative resistance. A recombinant inbred line (RIL) population derived from a cross of Conrad by Sloan (a moderately susceptible cultivar) used for mapping these QDRL was advanced to the F9:11 generation. This population was used to map/re-map the QDRL towards three isolates of P. sojae, and one isolate each of Pythium irregulare and Fusarium graminearum, using the SoySNP6K BeadChip for high-density marker genotyping. A total of ten, two, and three QDRL and suggestive QDRL were found that confer resistance to P. sojae, Py. irregulare, and F. graminearum, respectively. Individual QDRL explained 2-13.6% of the phenotypic variance (PV). One QDRL for both Py. irregulare and F. graminearum co-localized on chromosome 19. This resistance was contributed by Sloan and was juxtaposed to a QDRL for P. sojae with resistance contributed from Conrad. Alleles for resistance to different pathogens contributed from different parents in the same region, the number of unique QDRL for each pathogen, and the lack of correlation of resistance suggest that different mechanisms are involved in resistance towards these three pathogens. Interestingly, the QDRL located on chromosome 19 contained several genes related to auxin processes, which are known to contribute to susceptibility to several pathogens in Arabidopsis and may contribute to susceptibility of soybean to P. sojae. In this study, auxin metabolites were measured in P. sojae mycelia, media from P. sojae liquid cultures, and inoculated soybean roots. Auxin precursors were detected in the mycelia of P. sojae as well as the synthetic media. More importantly, auxin levels were significantly higher in inoculated roots than the mock controls in both resistant and susceptible genotypes at 48 hours after inoculation (hai). To examine the role of auxin transport in susceptibility to P. sojae, the nucleotide sequences and expression of root-related soybean auxin efflux transporters, GmPINs, were compared between Conrad and Sloan. There were sequence differences between the two cultivars; however, experimental variability prevented accurate detection of expression differences through a quantitative PCR approach. An auxin transport inhibitor and a synthetic auxin were applied to Conrad and Sloan to assess changes in infection of these cultivars with chemically altered auxin processes. As with the gene expression analysis, experimental variation prevented us from determining the exact effect of these treatments. Finally, several different approaches were used to begin developing a system for functional gene analysis, including composite plant-based hairy roots, cotyledon-based hairy roots, and virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS). Composite plant-based hairy roots were difficult to inoculate with P. sojae, Py. irregulare, and F. graminearum. Cotyledon-based hairy roots allowed for more consistent inoculation with P. sojae and expedited experimental testing of RNAi constructs targeting candidate genes. One of these constructs was able to reduce the expression of its target gene in three soybean genetic backgrounds. A Bean pod mottle virus (BPMV) VIGS vector used here moved systemically into soybean roots but was not effective at silencing candidate gene targets in this tissue. Future studies should continue to refine environmental/experimental conditions to reduce variation and develop a reliable method of assessing change in quantitative disease resistance to define the roles of candidate genes.

Download or read book Evaluation of Soybean Cultivars for Partial Resistance and Tolerance to Phytophthora Sojae written by Catalina Ferro and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 158 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Identification of Quantitative Trait Loci for Partial Resistance to Phytophthora Sojae in Six Soybean glycine Max L Merr Plant Introductions written by Sungwoo Lee and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 284 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract: In soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.], Phytophthora root and stem rot caused by Phytophthora sojae is one of the destructive diseases that result in economic losses around the world. However, changes in P. sojae populations emphasize the integrated use of Rps gene-mediated resistance with partial resistance for more durable and effective defense. Quantitative trait loci (QTL) for partial resistance to P. sojae have been identified in several studies albeit in only a few genetic sources, primarily the cultivar Conrad. The first objective was to characterize six soybean plant introductions originating from East Asia for QTL conditioning partial resistance to P. sojae. The second objective was to evaluate joint-population QTL analysis (via joint inclusive composite interval mapping, JICIM) for the effectiveness of combining multiple populations with heterogeneous experimental conditions. Four populations were F7:8 and two were F4:6 generations, and they were mapped with partially overlapping sets of molecular markers. Resistance was measured either by lesion length in tray tests, or by root colonization, plant weight, root fresh weight, and root dry weight in layer tests. Conventional bi-parental QTL analysis identified ~12 QTL for a measurement in each population via composite interval mapping (CIM) using MapQTL5, which explained ~58% of total phenotypic variance (PV) in each population. Individually, most QTL explained less than 10% of PV. Interestingly, most of the QTL identified in this study mapped closely to other resistance QTL associated with resistance to other pests or pathogens or R-gene clusters. Joint-population QTL analysis (JICIM) detected the same QTL which were identified in each single-population analysis (Inclusive composite interval mapping, ICIM). In one pair of two populations with the fewest confounding factors, joint-population analysis detected an additional QTL; however this was not identified when all six of the populations were combined. In another population which had 128 RILs, no QTL were identified using the ICIM method compared to 1 QTL identified with MapQTL5. When populations were combined that were evaluated with different phenotypic methods, the same QTL were identified in the combined analysis compared to each population analyzed independently. Thus differences in phenotypic analysis did not largely affect the detection of these QTL. This study identified some limits in the use of joint linkage analysis and parameters for combining populations to detect additional QTL. Detection of additional QTL with this analysis will be enhanced if the populations are advanced beyond the F4, markers are fully integrated into large chromosome segments, and populations are sufficiently large. More importantly, populations which were evaluated with different phenotypic methods can be combined, provided common checks were used and data were normalized with the checks’ values. Many of the QTL identified in these six populations through both analyses overlapped at multiple genomic positions, while many were distinct from QTL identified in Conrad. This suggests that the QTL identified in this study will be useful in diversifying the US soybean cultivars and providing new genes to enhance resistance to P. sojae through breeding.

Download or read book Characterization of a Major Quantitative Disease Resistance Locus for Partial Resistance to Phytophthora Sojae written by Stephanie Renae Karhoff and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 260 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Phytophthora root and stem rot is caused by the soil-borne oomycete Phytophthora sojae. Host resistance is the main management practice for Phytophthora root and stem rot, and breeders have historically relied on single, major resistance (Rps) genes. However, pathogen populations have adapted to the previously deployed Rps genes. An alternative is to breed for higher levels of partial resistance, which is quantitatively inherited and typically non isolate-specific. Partial resistance is controlled by multiple quantitative disease resistance loci (QDRL). A QDRL explaining up to 45% of the phenotypic variation (PV) was previously identified in plant introduction (PI) 427106 and PI 427105B (QDRL-18). Major QDRL are rare in the soybean – P. sojae pathosystem; thus, near isogenic lines (NILs) contrasting at QDRL-18 were developed and used to test for isolate-specificity, pleiotropic effects, and validate the locus across environments and genetics backgrounds. Resistant introgressions from either PI 427105B or PI 427106 were effective against seven P. sojae isolates of varying pathotype complexity and increased resistance to P. sojae by 11-20% and 35-40% in laboratory and greenhouse assays, respectively. Furthermore, within the NIL set 4060, lines carrying resistant introgression R105B significantly out-yielded lines with the susceptible introgression SOX under highly favorable disease conditions. In order to facilitate future gene cloning and marker-assisted-selection, RNA-Sequencing of a subset of NILs was completed in conjunction with high resolution mapping of this locus. High-resolution mapping of QDRL-18 with 224-233 markers reduced the original 1,852 Kb interval to a 731 Kb region. Within the refined QDRL, seven genes were differentially expressed following inoculation with P. sojae. Of these seven, one gene putatively encoding a receptor-like protein kinase was significantly downregulated in NILs carrying the resistant introgression derived from PI 427105B at all tested time points. The narrowed QDRL-18 region will provide more closely linked markers and prioritizes candidate genes for future functional analyses. Finally, an obstacle to better understanding the genetic mechanisms of quantitative disease resistance is the identification of causal genes underlying resistance loci. Expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) analysis has emerged as a method for candidate gene identification, but it requires that the population and conditions in which transcript abundance levels and phenotypic values are obtained be the same. Thus, phenotypic quantitative trait loci (pQTL) were identified in a separate mapping population, derived from a cross between `Conrad’ and `Sloan’, to leverage a larger eQTL study aimed at identifying resistance mechanisms. Two suggestive and one significant pQTL were identified on chromosomes 10 and 18. Most notably, a cis-eQTL coincided with pQTL located on chromosome 18 and is associated with the expression of a gene putatively encoding a leucine-rich repeat receptor-like protein kinase. Overall, this work contributes to the ongoing effort to (1) better understand the mechanisms associated with partial resistance to P. sojae and (2) develop soybean cultivars with increased levels of partial resistance.

Download or read book Evaluating Early Maturity Group Soybean Cultivars and Plant Introductions for Resistance and Partial Resistance to Phytophthora Sojae written by Haiyan Jia and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 142 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book An Evaluation of Protocols for Stabilizing Pathotypes of Phytophthora Sojae Isolates and Characterizing Race specific Resistant Genes in Soybean Plant Introductions written by Hongtao Jia and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 156 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Phytophthora sojae isolates that have stable pathotypes (virulence formulae) and high levels of aggressiveness are needed to identify resistance genes (Rps). Pathotypes of P. sojae isolates are designated based on a set of standard soybean differentials carrying different Rps genes. In this study, protocols were evaluated for isolates collected from the field to reduce or eliminate variability in pathotype reaction from successive single-zoospores and single-oospores. Isolates of P. sojae representing races 1, 3, 4, 7, and 25 from IN and OH were also compared on three separate sets of soybean differentials using three separate seed sources. Substantial variation in the pathotypes was found in single-zoospores both within a generation and successive generations. P. sojae races 1, 3, 4, 7, and 25 from IN and OH had the expected reaction on all three sets of differentials for Rps1b, Rps1c, Rps1k, Rps2, Rps3a, Rps4, Rps5, Rps7, and on the differential Harlon, L59-731 and Union for Rps1a. Differentials L88-8470 for Rps1a and L93-3312 for Rps1d did not have the expected response. Additional races are needed to differentiate reactions on Rps3b, Rps3c, and Rps6. Utilizing different sources of resistance for Rps alleles may also account for some of the differences in reactions among P. sojae isolates. Incorporating race-specific resistant genes (Rps) to Phytophthora sojae into modern soybean cultivars is the major management strategy for controlling Phytophthora damping-off, root and stem rot disease. Some plant introductions (PIs) from China were identified that were resistant to P. sojae isolates R7, R17 and R25. Two accessions PI567.642A and PI567.550 were among these PIs. They were crossed with soybean differentials to determine which Rps alleles were present in these PIs. F2:3 lines of these two PIs with Williams and Harosoy segregated in 15 resistant to 1 susceptible following inoculation with race 1 which indicates both PIs have two Rps genes. These F2:3 lines as well as other populations were then evaluated with 9 P. sojae isolates to determine which Rps gene(s) may be present. For PI567.642A X Williams population, a 3 resistant to 1 susceptible segregation ratio in F2:3 lines for both R17 and R25 was identified. Following inoculation of these lines with R2, R3, R4, R7, a 15 resistant to 1 susceptible segregation ratio was found. For PI567.550, there was a 3 resistant to 1 susceptible segregation ratio following inoculation of F2:3 lines of PI567.550 X Harosoy 63 (Rps1a) with R3 which indicates PI567.550 has Rps1a. A 3 resistant to 1 susceptible segregation ratio was also found following inoculation of F2:3 populations of PI567.550 X Harosoy (Rps7), PI567.550 X Haro4272 (Rps4), PI567.550 X Haro5272 (Rps5), PI567.550 X Haro6272 (Rps6) with R17. In addition, both PI567.550 and PI567.642A are resistant to R30-T, R31 and susceptible to R20. Based on the inoculation data, we proposed that PI567.642A has Rps1k plus Rps3b and PI567.550 has Rps1a and Rps3b.

Download or read book Soybean QTL Mapping and Candidate Gene Identification for Pythium Irregulare and Phytophthora Sojae Partial Resistance and Root knot Nematode Induced Suppression of Gene Silencing written by Brittany Jaye Nauth and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 129 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Oomycete and nematode pathogens cause major damage to soybean worldwide. In response to an oomycete pathogen invasion, plants activate one or both of their qualitative and quantitative resistance pathways. Qualitative resistance involves the activation of R---genes and is known as the gene---for---gene resistance pathway. Although R---genes provide a strong level of expression for resistance towards individual pathogen strains or populations, pathogens readily adapt due to the selection pressure. Quantitative resistance, or partial resistance, is mediated by many genes, each of which contributes to a reduction in the level of disease, and is thought to be more durable in some host---pathogen systems than qualitative resistance. This study was conducted to gain insight into soybean interactions with three different root pathogens. A Conrad x Sloan F9:11 recombinant inbred population was evaluated to determine the location of quantitative trait loci (QTL) that confer partial resistance to Pythium irregulare. Two QTL on chromosomes 14 and 19 contributing to partial resistance against P. irregulare were identified in a greenhouse cup assay. In this second study, the potential for suppressing gene silencing was evaluated in transgenic soybean cultivars. Williams, Williams82, Conrad, and Sloan soybean lines with transgenic hairy roots were inoculated with root---knot nematode (RKN) juveniles. The feeding sites of the RKN were observed for the presence of a normally suppressed marker two weeks post inoculation. Suppression of gene silencing within the RKN feeding site was observed. A QTL on chromosome 18 was previously identified to contribute to partial resistance towards Phytophthora soaje. An analysis of eight genes within this QTL identified SNPs and deletions in promoter sequences of the genes from the resistant and susceptible soybean parent lines. These genes will serve as excellent targets for functional analysis to study the response in soybean to infection by oomycete root pathogens.

Download or read book Mechanisms of Resistance and Candidate Gene Analysis Towards Fusarium Graminearum and Phytophthora Sojae in Soybean written by Cassidy Renee Gedling and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 447 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Numerous diseases affect soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr] yields throughout the growing season in Ohio. Two soil borne pathogens Fusarium graminearum and Phytophthora sojae are known to reduce stand and yield. Currently, fungicide seed treatments are used to manage these pathogens, however, host plant resistance is often the best management strategy for field crops. Thus, the overall objective of the five chapters this dissertation was to identify mechanisms and candidate genes of resistance that are effective towards seed, seedling, and root rots caused by Fusarium graminearum and P. sojae in soybean. Quantitative disease resistance loci (QDRL) have been mapped in two separate recombinant inbred line (RIL) populations for resistance to Fusarium graminearum . In the F7:8 RIL derived from a cross Magellan X PI 567516C, one major QDRL was mapped. Fine mapping of this region identified four putative candidate genes for resistance to Fusarium graminearum . In an additional population of Wyandot x PI 567301B, a major and minor QDRL was mapped to chromosome 8 and 6, respectively. Hybrid genome assembly, fine mapping, and RNA sequencing analysis narrowed the major QDRL to 2.5 cM containing three putative candidate genes for resistance or susceptibility. To validate these candidate genes functional analysis needs to be assessed at the seed level. To achieve this we modified the Apple latent spherical virus (ASLV) which allowed for direct inoculation of VIGS-triggering ALSV agro-infiltrated Nicotiana benthamiana leaves onto soybean unifoliates. However, this method is genotype dependent; the virus is detected in numerous reproductive structures including pods, embryos, stems, leaves, and roots. The last objective of this dissertation focuses on mechanisms of partial resistance to Phytophthora sojae . This oomycete is a leading pathogen of soybean, causing root and stem rot (PRR) across the North Central Region in the U.S. Twenty phenotypic quantitative trait loci (pQTL) were previously mapped in a F9:11 Conrad x Sloan recombinant inbred line (RIL) population on chromosomes 1, 4, 9, 15, 16, 18, and 19; however, these regions encompass large portions of the genome. Thus a systems genetics approach that incorporates expression QTL (eQTL) mapping, functional genomics, and gene co-expression analysis was taken to identify molecular mechanisms contributing towards partial resistance, with the specific objective of reducing the list of candidate genes potentially underpinning pQTL. A greater number of eQTL were mapped in inoculated samples relative to mock, indicating transcriptional reprogramming due to P. sojae infection. Of the six co-expression modules identified, three were related to PRR susceptibility driven by three casual hotspots. GO enrichment of casual hotspot GM_17_D indicates that cell wall modification is a putative mechanism for P. sojae resistance. A total of four eQTL and one eQTL hotspots were found to be co-localized with pQTL and identified five candidate genes for resistance.

Download or read book Understanding silicon mediated disease resistance through the interaction soybean Phytophthora sojae written by Aliyeh Rasooli Zadeh and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Résumé en anglais

Download or read book Reactions of Soybean Plant Introductions PI273483 to PI427107 Following Inoculation with Phytophthora Sojae written by Anne Elizabeth Dorrance and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 36 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Spatial and Temporal Analysis of Chitinase Accumulation and Pathogen Colonization in Soybeans with Tolerance to Phytophthora Sojae Infection written by Kitrina Murie Carlson and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 322 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Tolerance to Phytophthora root rot (PRR) in soybean is a highly-heritable, multi-genic trait. Tolerance is a desirable trait in soybean lines because it is not race-specific and cannot be overcome by a buildup of a specific Phytophthora sojae races, unlike race-specific, single gene resistance. The plant-pathogen interactions occurring in the tolerant reaction to disease have not been thoroughly characterized. The objective of this research was to characterize components of the plant-pathogen interaction occurring in tolerant soybeans infected with P. sojae that may be involved in limiting pathogen colonization and disease development. One important aspect of this interaction is the timing of localized and systemic defense responses. Using chitinase as a marker of defense response activation, I characterized spatial and temporal patterns of chitinase isoform expression. I found that unique chitinase isoforms accumulate in soybean roots infected with P. sojae . Some of these isoforms are expressed earlier in tolerant cultivars than in susceptible cultivars and some of these isoforms are expressed systemically in tolerant cultivars and only locally in susceptible cultivars. This has helped to elucidate differences in the plant defense response between tolerant and susceptible cultivars. Another important component of this interaction is the events involved in pathogen colonization of the root. To analyze the timing and extent of P. sojae colonization of the soybean root system, I utilized real-time PCR to detect and quantify P. sojae within the soybean root system. My results suggest P. sojae colonizes tolerant cultivars more slowly and to a lesser degree than susceptible cultivars.

Download or read book Advances in molecular plant pathology plant abiotic and biotic stress written by Kun Zhang and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2024-04-01 with total page 271 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Applied Plant Biotechnology for Improving Resistance to Biotic Stress written by Palmiro Poltronieri and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2019-09-17 with total page 371 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Applied Plant Biotechnology for Improvement of Resistance to Biotic Stress applies biotechnology insights that seek to improve plant genomes, thus helping them achieve higher resistance and optimal hormone signaling to increase crop yield. The book provides an analysis of the current state-of-the-art in plant biotechnology as applied to improving resistance to biotic stress. In recent years, significant progress has been made towards understanding the interplay between plants and their hosts, particularly the role of plant immunity in regulating, attenuating or neutralizing invading pathogens. As a result, there is a great need to integrate these insights with methods from biotechnology. Applies biotechnology insights towards improving plant genomes, achieving higher resistance and optimizing hormone signaling to increase crop yield Presents the most modern techniques, investigations, diagnostic tools and assays to monitor and detect contaminating agents in crops, such as grape, tomato, coffee and stone fruit Provides encyclopedic coverage of genes, proteins, interaction networks and mechanisms by which plants and hosts seek survival Discusses the methods available to make crops resistant and tolerant to disease without decreased yield or food production Provides insights for policymakers into the difficulties faced by scientific researchers in the use of biotechnology intervention, transgenes and genetically modified sequences