Download or read book Deep Crustal and Mantle Inputs to North Sister Volcano Oregon High Cascade Range written by Mariek Schmidt and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 394 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Central Oregon High Cascade Range is an anomalously mafic segment of the Cascade Arc due to ongoing intra-arc extension, which allows most magmas to traverse the crust without stalling and evolving to more evolved compositions. North Sister, a composite volcano in this arc segment, has produced a seemingly monotonous basaltic andesite (52.5-54.0% SiO2) that is depleted in incompatible elements from [aprroximately] 320 ka until 15 ka. This dissertation addresses the volcanic development of North Sister Volcano and deep crustal processes that produced its basaltic andesite. Stratigraphic variation signaling changes in eruptive style, unconformable contacts, 40Ar/39 dating, and geochemical correlations divide North Sister's eruptive history into four stages: (1) the early shield, (2) the subglacial stage, (3) the upper shield stage, and (4) the stratocone stage. Lastly, the north-striking,>1 11-km Matthieu Lakes Fissure (MLF) transected North Sister in three splays. North Sister's eruptive stages correspond to four compositional groups that record a general decrease in compatible elements such as Ni (112 to 35 ppm), while incompatible elements are constant or generally decrease (e.g. Ba 302 to 247 ppm) through time. Isotopic variations at North Sister are small, but systematic; Sr and Nd isotopic ratios become more mantle-like with time. Petrologic modeling places the generation of North Sister's basaltic andesite in the deep crust by a) deciphering upper crustal re-equilibration; b) mixing a primitive, low K tholeiite (LKT) with a silicic, Al-rich partial melt of 5-30 million year old crust; and c) high recharge rates by mantle-derived LKTs and interaction with a refractory crust. The Sr and Nd isotopic ratios of primitive basalts from the Cascade Range define four segments of the arc that reflect separate isotopic reservoirs and mantle melting regimes and correlate with major crustal domains. These segments are 1) north, Mt. Meager to Glacier Peak; 2) Columbia, Mt. Rainier to Mt. Jefferson; 3) central, the North Sister to Medicine Lake, and 4) south, Mt. Shasta to Mt. Lassen. The central segment has Basin and Range in the backarc and is the most restricted in bulk and isotopic composition.
Download or read book Quaternary Magmatism in the Cascades written by Wes Hildreth and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 148 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Geology and Petrology of South Sister Volcano High Cascade Range Oregon written by James Gregory Clark and published by . This book was released on 1983 with total page 470 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Dissertation Abstracts International written by and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 862 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Recent Vulcanism Between Three Fingered Jack and North Sister Oregon Cascade Range written by Edward M. Taylor and published by . This book was released on 1977 with total page 168 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Ancient Volcanoes of Oregon written by Howel Williams and published by . This book was released on 1948 with total page 86 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Petrochemical Evolution of High Cascade Volcanic Rocks in the Three Sisters Region Oregon written by Scott Stevens Hughes and published by . This book was released on 1982 with total page 398 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Geology of the Northern Part of the Southeast Three Sisters Quadrangle Oregon written by Karl C. Wozniak and published by . This book was released on 1982 with total page 196 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The northern part of the Southeast Three Sisters quadrangle straddles the crest of the central High Cascades of Oregon. The area is covered by Pleistocene and Holocene volcanic and volcaniclastic rocks that were extruded from a number of composite cones, shield volcanoes, and cinder cones. The principal eruptive centers include Sphinx Butte, The Wife, The Husband, and South Sister volcanoes. Sphinx Butte, The Wife, and The Husband are typical High Cascade shield and composite volcanoes whose compositions are limited to basalt and basaltic andesite. South Sister is a complex composite volcano composed of a diverse assemblage of rocks. In contrast with earlier studies, the present investigation finds that South Sister is not a simple accumulation of andesite and dacite lavas; nor does the eruptive sequence display obvious evolutionary trends or late stage divergence to basalt and rhyolite. Rather, the field relations indicate that magmas of diverse composition have been extruded from South Sister vents throughout the lifespan of this volcano. The compositional variation at South Sister is atypical of the Oregon High Cascade platform. This variation, however, represents part of a continued pattern of late Pliocene and Pleistocene magmatic diversity in a local region that includes Middle Sister, South Sister, and Broken Top volcanoes. Regional and local geologic constraints combined with chemical and petrographic criteria indicate that a local subcrustal process probably produced the magmas extruded from South Sister, whereas a regional subcrustal process probably produced the magmas extruded from Sphinx Butte, The Wife, and The Husband. All of the volcanoes in the field area are probably less than 720,000 years old. Sphinx Butte, The Wife, and The Husband are older than South Sister and have been subjected to at least two glaciations. Late Pleistocene glaciers covered all but the upper ridges and summit of South Sister; however, evidence for multiple glaciation is obscure and it is possible that the bulk of South Sister is younger than the second-to-last Pleistocene glaciation. Glaciated andesite lavas at the summit of South Sister are capped by a veneer of basaltic andesite lavas. The basaltic andesite lavas were extruded prior to 6840 yrs. B.P., but are probably of late Pleistocene rather than Holocene age. At some time between 12,000 and 2300 yrs. B.P., basaltic andesite lavas and cinders were extruded from the Le Conte vent at the southwest base of South Sister. The Le Conte lavas may bear only a spatial relation to South Sister. Between 2300 and 1900 yrs. B.P., a series of rhyodacite domes and block flows were extruded from flank vents on South Sister. Future eruptive activity is likely at this volcano.
Download or read book Petrogenesis of Compositionally Distinct Silicic Volcanoes in the Three Sisters Region of the Oregon Cascade Range written by Brittain E. Hill and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 470 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Three Sisters region of the Oregon High Cascades has developed three compositionally and petrogenetically distinct silicic (i.e., SiO2 [greater than or equal to] 58%) magma systems within the last 600 k.y. These silicic systems evolved from the same High Cascade mafic magma system and developed in the same 20x30 km area of the arc, but did not interact. The Broken Top system (BT) evolved to 71% SiO2 through a combination of plag + px + Fe-Ti oxides ± ap (PPFA) fractionation and 20%-35% mixing of rhyolitic (74% SiO2) crustal melts. In contrast, part of the Three Sisters system (3S) evolved to 66% SiO2 through PPFA fractionation alone, while other parts evolved to 66% SiO2 through PPFA fractionation coupled with [greater than or equal to} 40% mixing of rhyolitic ([greater than or equal to]72% SiO2) crustal melts. The 3S system was intermittently active from [less than or equal to] 340 ka to 2 ka. The petrogenesis of intermediate composition rocks at Middle Sister (340 ka, 100 ka) was controlled by PPFA fractionation to [less than or equal to] 66% SiO2. Rhyolite (72%-76% SiO2) was first erupted in the 3S system at [approximately] 100 ka, at the start of South Sister (SS) volcanism. Major and trace element abundances preclude derivation of 3S rhyolite through crystal fractionation, but are consistent with 20-30% dehydration melting of mafic amphibolite. The petrogenesis of intermediate composition rocks at SS was controlled by PPFA fractionation coupled with 30-40% rhyolitic magma mixing. However, the rhyolitic magma mixed into an essentially mafic system, which limited intermediate differentiation at SS to [less than or equal to] 66% SiO2. The BT system was active from [approximately] 600 ka to at least 200 ka. Major and trace element abundances preclude derivation of BT rhyolite (74% SiO2) through crystal fractionation, but are consistent with [approximately] 30% dehydration melting of older tonalitic intrusions. BT petrogenesis was controlled by PPFA fractionation accompanied by 10-20% mixing of rhyolitic magmas to [approximately] 63% SiO2, with [approximately] 30% rhyolite mixing from 63% to 71% SiO2. In contrast to the 3S system, differentiation proceeded beyond 66% SiO2 because rhyolitic magma was mixed into a more evolved ([approximately] 60%-65% SiO2) system. The observed temporal and spatial variations in petrogenesis were not controlled by regional changes in tectonic setting, crustal thickness or crustal composition. However, small-scale changes in the magnitude of crustal extension occurred in this area, and are thought to have controlled petrogenesis by localizing mid-crustal mafic magmatism and thus crustal heat flow.
Download or read book Geologic Field trip Guide to the Volcanic and Hydrothermal Landscape of the Yellowstone Plateau written by Lisa A. Morgan and published by Government Printing Office. This book was released on 2017 with total page 116 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Volcanoes written by John P. Lockwood and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2013-04-26 with total page 677 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Volcanoes are essential elements in the delicate global balance of elemental forces that govern both the dynamic evolution of the Earth and the nature of Life itself. Without volcanic activity, life as we know it would not exist on our planet. Although beautiful to behold, volcanoes are also potentially destructive, and understanding their nature is critical to prevent major loss of life in the future. Richly illustrated with over 300 original color photographs and diagrams the book is written in an informal manner, with minimum use of jargon, and relies heavily on first-person, eye-witness accounts of eruptive activity at both "red" (effusive) and "grey" (explosive) volcanoes to illustrate the full spectrum of volcanic processes and their products. Decades of teaching in university classrooms and fieldwork on active volcanoes throughout the world have provided the authors with unique experiences that they have distilled into a highly readable textbook of lasting value. Questions for Thought, Study, and Discussion, Suggestions for Further Reading, and a comprehensive list of source references make this work a major resource for further study of volcanology. Volcanoes maintains three core foci: Global perspectives explain volcanoes in terms of their tectonic positions on Earth and their roles in earth history Environmental perspectives describe the essential role of volcanism in the moderation of terrestrial climate and atmosphere Humanitarian perspectives discuss the major influences of volcanoes on human societies. This latter is especially important as resource scarcities and environmental issues loom over our world, and as increasing numbers of people are threatened by volcanic hazards Readership Volcanologists, advanced undergraduate, and graduate students in earth science and related degree courses, and volcano enthusiasts worldwide. A companion website is also available for this title at www.wiley.com/go/lockwood/volcanoes
Download or read book Volcano Deformation written by Daniel Dzurisin and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2006-11-24 with total page 470 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Volcanoes and eruptions are dramatic surface man telemetry and processing, and volcano-deformation ifestations of dynamic processes within the Earth, source models over the past three decades. There has mostly but not exclusively localized along the been a virtual explosion of volcano-geodesy studies boundaries of Earth's relentlessly shifting tectonic and in the modeling and interpretation of ground plates. Anyone who has witnessed volcanic activity deformation data. Nonetheless, other than selective, has to be impressed by the variety and complexity of brief summaries in journal articles and general visible eruptive phenomena. Equally complex, works on volcano-monitoring and hazards mitiga however, if not even more so, are the geophysical, tion (e. g. , UNESCO, 1972; Agnew, 1986; Scarpa geochemical, and hydrothermal processes that occur and Tilling, 1996), a modern, comprehensive treat underground - commonly undetectable by the ment of volcano geodesy and its applications was human senses - before, during, and after eruptions. non-existent, until now. Experience at volcanoes worldwide has shown that, In the mid-1990s, when Daniel Dzurisin (DZ to at volcanoes with adequate instrumental monitor friends and colleagues) was serving as the Scientist ing, nearly all eruptions are preceded and accom in-Charge of the USGS Cascades Volcano Observa panied by measurable changes in the physical and tory (CVO), I first learned of his dream to write a (or) chemical state of the volcanic system. While book on volcano geodesy.
Download or read book This Dynamic Earth written by W. Jacquelyne Kious and published by Geological Survey (USGS). This book was released on 1996 with total page 84 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the early 1960s, the emergence of the theory of plate tectonics started a revolution in the earth sciences. Since then, scientists have verified and refined this theory, and now have a much better understanding of how our planet has been shaped by plate-tectonic processes. We now know that, directly or indirectly, plate tectonics influences nearly all geologic processes, past and present. Indeed, the notion that the entire Earth's surface is continually shifting has profoundly changed the way we view our world.
Download or read book Petrology of Par cutin Volcano Mexico written by Ray Everett Wilcox and published by . This book was released on 1954 with total page 86 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Whole Food Plant Based Diet Journal written by Joel Jensen and published by . This book was released on 2018-09-22 with total page 128 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Do you want to live healthy and free from diseases? Start on a whole food plant-based diet for the next 60 days and see amazing results! This food journal is designed for those on the WFPB diet. It can also be used for those following a specific eating plan such as Dr Joel Fuhrman G-BOMBS eating plan. Use this food log and journal to track your daily servings of whole grains, beans & legumes, onions, berries and other fruits, cruciferous vegetables, greens, nuts and seeds. Full Specifications: 6x 9 Inches Handy size-60 Pages to record your WFPB food consumption and water intake for 60 days. - 30 pages to record your WFPB recipes - blank note pages for recording anything such as weight etc. - Food list for your reference-Cover matte - available in 5 colorsThis specially plant-based journal will help you to stay on track and adjust to a new healthy eating lifestyle to prevent all chronic diseases. Eat To Live And Stay Healthy Today!
Download or read book InSAR Imaging of Aleutian Volcanoes written by Zhong Lu and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2014-03-31 with total page 411 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) is a relatively new remote sensing tool that is capable of measuring ground-surface deformation with centimeter-to-subcentimeter precision at a spatial resolution of tens of meters over an area of hundreds to thousands of square kilometers. With its global coverage and all-weather imaging capability, InSAR has become an increasingly important technique for studying volcanoes in remote regions such as the Aleutian Islands. The spatial distribution of surface deformation data derived from InSAR images enables the construction of detailed mechanical models to enhance the study of magmatic processes. InSAR Imaging of Aleutian Volcanoes: • Provides a theoretical framework for InSAR observations and capabilities • Discusses state-of-the-art InSAR analysis techniques • Describes the structure, eruptive history, and magma composition of volcanoes along the entire Aleutian arc • Presents conceptual models for the magma plumbing systems of Aleutian volcanoes based on InSAR results combined with geophysical, geological and geochemical observations. • Synthesizes observations of deformation along the Aleutian arc and compares those results to other active arcs around the world. • Is illustrated throughout with high-resolution color satellite radar images
Download or read book Lunar Sourcebook written by Grant Heiken and published by CUP Archive. This book was released on 1991-04-26 with total page 796 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The only work to date to collect data gathered during the American and Soviet missions in an accessible and complete reference of current scientific and technical information about the Moon.
