Download or read book Deducing Budgetary Priorities in Saudi Arabia The Impact of Defense Expenditures on Allocations to Socio Economic Programs written by and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 11 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The 1990 Saudi budget, set at just over that for 1989, and the 1990-95 five year plan, with spending targets on the current price equivalent of five times the 1990 budgetary figure, indicate fairly clearly that Saudi Arabia's days of priming the non-oil economy are essentially over, but that its commitment to price stability remains. The five year plan has proposed growth targets averaging 3.2 percent a year between 1990 and 1995, roughly in line with what might be expected to be the population growth rate. The oil sector is expected to grow at a real rate of 2.7 percent a year, but the oil and gas sector combined by only 2.2 percent. The domestic non-oil economy is expected to grow at 3.6 percent. The overall growth rate in the non-oil sectors is likely to improve when the contraction in government services has flattened out. Over the medium term, the plan's spending targets suggest a very heavy bias towards defense, social services, and Subsidies, with extra revenue to be used to rebuild reserves. As with the 1989 budget, the government's 1990 spending plans anticipate that increased overall revenues would reduce, the government's borrowing needs, eliminating the necessity for any further reductions in the country's foreign reserves. The intention of the budget is to increase the already large human resources development. To meet this objective, reductions in funding must be made in most other sectors. However, these cuts have been minimized in the areas of defense, administration, health and social development.
Download or read book Economic Causes And Consequences Of Defense Expenditures In The Middle East And South Asia written by Robert E. Looney and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2019-03-14 with total page 238 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents a detailed and rigorous quantitative economic assessment, analysis, and interpretation of the causes and consequences of regional defense expenditures in countries in the Middle East and South Asia. It examines the relationship between defense spending and budgetary allocations.
Download or read book Economic Causes And Consequences Of Defense Expenditures In The Middle East And South Asia written by Robert E. Looney and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2019-03-14 with total page 229 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents a detailed and rigorous quantitative economic assessment, analysis, and interpretation of the causes and consequences of regional defense expenditures in countries in the Middle East and South Asia. It examines the relationship between defense spending and budgetary allocations.
Download or read book The Military Budget and National Econmic Priorities written by United States. Congress. Econmic Joint Committee and published by . This book was released on 1969 with total page 34 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Budgetary Priorities in Saudi Arabia The Impact of Relative Austerity Measures on Human Capital Formation written by and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 22 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Throughout the 1980s, Saudi Arabia experienced a period of relative fiscal austerity. Falling oil revenues forced a number of significant budgetary cutbacks. By early 1989, however, the situation had stabilized to the point where the Saudi Government announced that its 1989 budget would be equal to that of 1987--140 million Saudi riyals. To many observers, this signalled a welcome end to the deflationary effects of successive reductions in Government budgetary expenditure over the previous few years. In practice, it allowed Ministries to prepare sufficient projects for implementation, in the event that revenue constraints did not force cutbacks during the year. While most OPEC Countries were forced to introduce similar austerity programmes, little is known about how their Governments set priorities for their shrinking reviews between major expenditure categories. The purpose of this paper is to address this issue. In particular, we are interested in determining the manner in which, in light of revenue developments during the fiscal year, the Saudi Government revised its allocation to the major budgetary categories. Did expenditure on certain categories vary systematically with unanticipated changes in revenue? If so, which sectors gained? Lost? Do these patterns provide insights as to the manner in which the Government established budgetary priorities during this period?
Download or read book Budgetary Consequences of Defense Expenditures in Pakistan Short Run Impacts and Long Run Adjustments written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 10 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the last twenty years, there has been a growing interest in quantifying the "guns versus butter" tradeoff facing developing countries. This article examines Pakistan's military expenditures between 1973 and 1986 and estimates both a short-run impact model and long-run adjustment model to measure how changes in the defense burden, the deficit, and government debt have affected budget allocations to economic services programs and administrative/social programs. In addition, we investigate whether defense budgets have been increased or maintained either at the expense of economic and social programs in general or merely confined to one or two specific programs. Military expenditure patterns are analyzed to see whether or not they were responsible for across-the-board cuts in long-term infrastructure programs. Our analysis indicates that the deficit, the debt service, and the military burden are often interrelated in such a complex manner that the impact of any specific program is difficult to predict. In the short run, most infrastructure programs increased as the military burden declined. The opposite was generally true for social programs such as social security, welfare, and housing. Changes in the defense budget appear to have only a transitory effect on the share of government expenditures allocated toward infrastructure. The long-run model suggests that social programs have just as high a priority as economic services. When the military burden increases, the government is willing to take some resources from infrastructure programs and lets the deficit grow to finance social programs. Our results also suggest a long run pattern of adjustment in social programs but not infrastructure programs--a counter-intuitive result given Pakistan's severe infrastructure constraints.
Download or read book The Political Economy of Military Spending in the United States written by Alex Mintz and published by Routledge. This book was released on 1992 with total page 334 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the post-cold war era there has been a growing debate inside the United States over the size of the defense budget and its effect on the economy. This book argues that the domestic political economy and national security issues are not separate and distant spheres. And in relation to this, that national security policy is often dictated by internal social and economic pressures as much as by global events. Alex Mintz has drawn together leading scholars in the field of the political economy who have addressed key questions concerning US defense spending. The book addresses the links between electoral cycles and the awarding of defense contracts as well as the issue of public opinion on defense spending. The contributors go on to explore the relationship between corporate profits, stock prices and defense expenditure and the impact of defense spending on economic growth and social welfare. The Political Economy of Military Spending in the United States will appeal to all students of national security, especially those concerned with defense spending policy. It will also be valuable reading for anyone researching the political economy approach to defense spending.
Download or read book Critical Issues Facing the Middle East written by J. Russell and published by Springer. This book was released on 2006-07-21 with total page 224 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Addressing systemic changes in the Middle East's security environment since the Iraq War, prominent experts analyze the challenges these changes pose to US strategy and policy. They examine the causes of profound economic, political and religious transitions and their implications for hopes of reform.
Download or read book Journal of South Asian and Middle Eastern Studies written by and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 408 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book METU Studies in Development written by and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 290 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Saudi Arabia written by and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 300 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Better Spending for Better Lives written by Alejandro Izquierdo and published by . This book was released on 2018-08-31 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Assessing Aid written by and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1998 with total page 164 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Assessing Aid determines that the effectiveness of aid is not decided by the amount received but rather the institutional and policy environment into which it is accepted. It examines how development assistance can be more effective at reducing global poverty and gives five mainrecommendations for making aid more effective: targeting financial aid to poor countries with good policies and strong economic management; providing policy-based aid to demonstrated reformers; using simpler instruments to transfer resources to countries with sound management; focusing projects oncreating and transmitting knowledge and capacity; and rethinking the internal incentives of aid agencies.
Download or read book Securing Development written by Bernard Harborne and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2017-03-01 with total page 334 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Securing Development: Public Finance and the Security Sector highlights the role of public finance in the delivery of security and criminal justice services. This book offers a framework for analyzing public financial management, financial transparency, and oversight, as well as expenditure policy issues that determine how to most appropriately manage security and justice services. The interplay among security, justice, and public finance is still a relatively unexplored area of development. Such a perspective can help security actors provide more professional, effective, and efficient security and justice services for citizens, while also strengthening systems for accountability. The book is the result of a project undertaken jointly by staff from the World Bank and the United Nations, integrating the disciplines where each institution holds a comparative advantage and a core mandate. The primary audience includes government officials bearing both security and financial responsibilities, staff of international organizations working on public expenditure management and security sector issues, academics, and development practitioners working in an advisory capacity.
Download or read book Subsidy Reform in the Middle East and North Africa written by Mr.Carlo A. Sdralevich and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2014-07-09 with total page 130 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) countries price subsidies are common, especially on food and fuels. However, these are neither well targeted nor cost effective as a social protection tool, often benefiting mainly the better off instead of the poor and vulnerable. This paper explores the challenges of replacing generalized price subsidies with more equitable social safety net instruments, including the short-term inflationary effects, and describes the features of successful subsidy reforms.
Download or read book Beyond the Annual Budget written by World Bank and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2012-11-12 with total page 261 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Beyond the Annual Budget is a comprehensive review of country experience with Medium Term Expenditure Frameworks (MTEFs) worldwide. It looks at countries both with and without MTEFs over the period 1990 to 2008 to obtain results about their impact on fiscal performance.
Download or read book Economics and National Security written by Dick K. Nanto and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on 2011-03 with total page 82 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Contents: (1) National Security (NS) and the Congressional Interest; 21st Century Challenges to NS; (2) The Role of the Economy in U.S. NS; Macroecon. and Microecon. Issues in NS; (3) Economic Growth and Broad Conceptions of NS: Human Capital; Research, Innovation, Energy, and Space; (4) Globalization, Trade, Finance, and the G-20; Instability in the Global Economy; Savings and Exports; Boosting Domestic Demand Abroad; Open Foreign Markets to U.S. Products and Services; Build Cooperation with International Partners; Deterring Threats to the International Financial System; (5) Democracy, Human Rights, and Development Aid; Sustainable Development. Charts and tables. This is a print on demand publication.
