Download or read book Deconstructing Complex Diseases written by Priyasha Mehta and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 70 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Advances in data science and technology promise to help clinicians diagnose and treat certain conditions. But there are other complex and poorly characterized illnesses for which the drivers and dependent variables are not understood well enough to take full advantage of the copious patient data that may exist. For these diseases new techniques need to be explored to gain better understanding of the nature of the disease, its subtypes, cause, consequence, and presentation. Modern genetics have shown that these diseases often have multiple subtypes, as well as multiple phenotypes as indicated by the new laboratory data. Examples of such diseases include common and important illness such as Type 2 diabetes (T2D) - affecting approximately 30 million Americans, Crohn's Disease - 1 million USA suffers, epilepsy - 3.4 million Americans, and migraines - another 3.2 million in the United States. Our research explores how machine learning (ML) can be applied to these less well understood complex diseases to improve clinical translation and management. This thesis will discuss how unsupervised machine learning techniques can be used for complex phenotype clustering to identify sub-types of T2D for better clinical management and treatment. T2D is a complex heterogenous disease affecting the world's population at rapidly increasing rates. While clinicians now better understand the heterogeneity of the disease, T2D treatment strategies still remain largely based on populations rather than on a specific patient's subtype. This thesis explores the concept of using data analytics and ML to identify sub-types of T2D as the first step in moving towards precision medicine & treatments. This thesis includes (a) characterization of T2D as a heterogenous disease, (b) existing research attempts to dissect the disease into sub-types based on phenotypes and gene expressions, and their limitations, (c) phenotype clustering analysis on T2D patients using unsupervised machine learning techniques and MIMIC III database, and (d) analysis of the clusters/subgroups in different ways to understand their clinical significance. With multiple iterations of the clustering experiment, this thesis, (a) provides a good test of concept for sub-classification of T2D patients using unsupervised machine learning techniques such as, clustering and dimension reduction, (b) establishes a data pipeline and clustering model framework to be applied to richer datasets, (c) suggests various experiment design options for further analysis, and (d) establishes a direction for future work including advanced modelling techniques and predictive analytics for complex diseases.
Download or read book Approaching Complex Diseases written by Mariano Bizzarri and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-04-17 with total page 493 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume – for pharmacologists, systems biologists, philosophers and historians of medicine – points to investigate new avenues in pharmacology research, by providing a full assessment of the premises underlying a radical shift in the pharmacology paradigm. The pharmaceutical industry is currently facing unparalleled challenges in developing innovative drugs. While drug-developing scientists in the 1990s mostly welcomed the transformation into a target-based approach, two decades of experience shows that this model is failing to boost both drug discovery and efficiency. Selected targets were often not druggable and with poor disease linkage, leading to either high toxicity or poor efficacy. Therefore, a profound rethinking of the current paradigm is needed. Advances in systems biology are revealing a phenotypic robustness and a network structure that strongly suggest that exquisitely selective compounds, compared with multitarget drugs, may exhibit lower than desired clinical efficacy. This appreciation of the role of polypharmacology has significant implications for tackling the two major sources of attrition in drug development, efficacy and toxicity. Integrating network biology and polypharmacology holds the promise of expanding the current opportunity space for druggable targets.
Download or read book Neurophenotypes written by Vinoth Jagaroo and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-02-24 with total page 310 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The interest in ‘biomarkers’ seen across a spectrum of biomedical disciplines reflects the rise of molecular biology and genetics. A host of ‘omics’ disciplines in addition to genomics, marked by multidimensional data and complex analyses, and enabled by bioinformatics, have pushed the trajectory of biomarker development even further. They have also made more tractable the complex mappings of genotypes to phenotypes – genome-to-phenome mapping – to which the concept of a biomarker is central. Genomic investigations of the brain are beginning to reveal spectacular associations between genes and neural systems. Neural and cognitive phenomics are considered a necessary complement to genomics of the brain. Other major omics developments such as connectomics, the comprehensive mapping of neurons and neural networks, are heralding brain maps of unprecedented detail. Such developments are defining a new era of brain science. And in this new research environment, neural systems and cognitive operations are pressed for new kinds of definitions – that facilitate brain-behavioral alignment in an omics operating environment. This volume explores the topic of markers framed around the constructs of cognitive and neural systems. ‘Neurophenotype’ is a term adopted to describe a neural or cognitive marker that can be scientifically described within an associative framework – and while the genome-to-phenome framework is the most recognized of these, epigenetics and non-gene-regulated neural dynamics also suggest other frameworks. In either case, the term neurophenotype defines operational constructs of brain-behavioral domains that serve the integration of these domains with neuroscientific and omics models of the brain. The topic is critically important to psychiatry and neuropsychology: Neurophenotypes offer a ‘format’ and a ‘language’ by which psychiatry and neuropsychology can be in step with the brain sciences. They also bring a new challenge to the clinical neurosciences in terms of construct validation and refinement. Topics covered in the volume include: Brain and cognition in the omics era Phenomics, connectomics, and Research Domain Criteria Circuit-based neurophenotypes, and complications posed by non-gene regulated factors The legacy of the endophenotype concept – its utility and limitations Various potential neurophenotypes of relevance to clinical neuroscience, including Response Inhibition, Fear Conditioning and Extinction, Error Processing, Reward Dependence and Reward Deficiency, Face Perception, and Language Phenotypes Dynamic (electrophysiological) and computational neurophenotypes The challenge of a cultural shift for psychiatry and neuropsychology The volume may be especially relevant to researchers and clinical practitioners in psychiatry and neuropsychology and to cognitive neuroscientists interested in the intersection of neuroscience with genomics, phenomics and other omics disciplines.
Download or read book Genetics of Complex Disease written by Peter Donaldson and published by Garland Science. This book was released on 2015-08-25 with total page 450 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Genetics of Complex Disease examines how the identification of genetic variations that increase or reduce the risk of common, genetically complex, diseases can be used to improve our understanding of the pathology of many common diseases; enable better patient management and care; and help with differential diagnosis. It starts with the quest
Download or read book Computational Methods in Predicting Complex Disease Associated Genes and Environmental Factors written by Yudong Cai and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2021-06-11 with total page 212 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Therapeutic Development in the Absence of Predictive Animal Models of Nervous System Disorders written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2017-06-24 with total page 95 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Compared with other disease areas, central nervous system (CNS) disorders have had the highest failure rate for new compounds in advanced clinical trials. Most CNS drugs fail because of efficacy, and the core issue underlying these problems is a poor understanding of disease biology. Concern about the poor productivity in neuroscience drug development has gained intensity over the past decade, amplified by a retraction in investment from the pharmaceutical industry. This retreat by industry has been fueled by the high failure rate of compounds in advanced clinical trials for nervous system disorders. In response to the de-emphasis of CNS disorders in therapeutic development relative to other disease areas such as cancer, metabolism, and autoimmunity, the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine initiated a series of workshops in 2012 to address the challenges that have slowed drug development for nervous system disorders. Motivated by the notion that advances in genetics and other new technologies are beginning to bring forth new molecular targets and identify new biomarkers, the Academies hosted the third workshop in this series in September 2016. Participants discussed opportunities to accelerate early stages of drug development for nervous system disorders in the absence of animal models that reflect disease and predict efficacy. This publication summarizes the presentations and discussions from the workshop.
Download or read book Genetic Deconstruction of Complex Traits Related to the Cardiovascular Complications of Insulin Resistance in Multigenic Obesity Mouse Models written by Daria Estrada-Smith and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 316 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Complexity Paradox written by Kenneth L. Mossman and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 2014 with total page 289 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Complexity Paradox proposes inventive, interdisciplinary approaches to maintaining health and managing and preventing disease. It examines life from the perspective of complexity, which acknowledges the limits of what we can know while helping us to understand life processes in new and extraordinary ways.
Download or read book Deconstructing Psychosis written by Carol A. Tamminga and published by American Psychiatric Pub. This book was released on 2009-08-11 with total page 204 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Deconstructing Psychosis: Refining the Research Agenda for DSM-V provides an all-important summary of the latest research about the diagnosis and pathophysiology of psychosis. This volume gives the reader an inside look at how psychotic phenomena are represented in the current diagnostic system and how DSM-V might better address the needs of patients with such disorders. The book presents a selection of papers reporting the proceedings of a conference titled "Deconstructing Psychosis" convened by the American Psychiatric Association (APA) in collaboration with the World Health Organization (WHO) and the U.S. National Institutes of Health (NIH). The conference was designed to be a key element in the multiphase research review process for the fifth revision of DSM. This book is one in a series of ten that reflects some of the most current and critical examinations of psychiatric disorders and psychotic syndromes. APA published the fourth edition of DSM in 1994 and a text revision in 2000. DSM-V is scheduled for publication in 2013. Deconstructing Psychosis: Refining the Research Agenda for DSM-V examines the current evidence regarding the diagnosis and pathophysiology of common psychotic syndromes including: Schizophrenia Bipolar disorder Major depressive psychosis Substance-induced psychosis It also addresses broad issues relating to diagnosis such as the ways in which psychosis cuts across multiple diagnostic categories. Beyond merely summarizing the current state of the science, the authors of these papers critique the current research and clinical evidence, and raise questions about gaps in our knowledge. The book provides recommendations for the most promising areas of research in psychosis, which may lead to more refined treatments based on a better understanding of what biological and environmental factors contribute to its development and symptoms. In the learned editors' selection of papers for inclusion in this volume, they have exhibited their conviction that DSM-V is a "living document" that will reflect the pace of progress in multiple areas, ranging from molecular genetics and brain imaging to social, behavioral, and anthropological science. As a book on the narrowly defined topic of linking the classification of psychotic syndromes with their underlying pathophysiology and potential etiology, there is no other writing of comparable content available today.
Download or read book Diffuse Lung Disease written by Robert P. Baughman and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-11-04 with total page 402 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Interstitial lung diseases comprise a significant part of any respiratory medicine practice. This timely second edition of Diffuse Lung Disease is a practical clinically-oriented resource, covering all the major advances in diagnostic techniques and therapies. Authored by world authorities in the field, this book provides clear and specific recommendations for the management of all forms of interstitial lung diseases. This book is divided into two sections. The first section addresses the general aspects of diagnosis and management, including clinical approach, radiographic approach, physiological changes, and classification. The second section details each individual form of interstitial lung disease. Organized in an easy to follow format, each disease specific chapter includes tables outlining diagnostic approach, differential diagnosis, disease monitoring, and treatment. Illustrative cases, replete with high quality HRCT images, bring an added dimension to this outstanding book.
Download or read book Nuclear Chromosomal and Genomic Architecture in Biology and Medicine written by Malgorzata Kloc and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-11-08 with total page 657 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume reviews the latest research on the functional implications of nuclear, chromosomal and genomic organization and architecture on cell and organismal biology, and development and progression of diseases. The architecture of the cell nucleus and non-random arrangement of chromosomes, genes, and the non-membranous nuclear bodies in the three-dimensional (3D) space alters in response to the environmental, mechanical, chemical, and temporal cues. The changes in the nuclear, chromosomal, or genomic compaction and configuration modify the gene expression program and induce or inhibit epigenetic modifications. The intrinsically programmed rearrangements of the nuclear architecture are necessary for cell differentiation, the establishment of cell fate during development and maturation of tissues and organs including the immune, muscle, and nervous systems. The non-programmed changes in the nuclear architecture can lead to fragmentation of the nucleus and instability of the genome and thus cause cancer. Microbial and viral infections can lead to a clustering of centromeres, telomeres and ribosomal DNA and alter the properties of the nuclear membrane, allowing large immobile macromolecules to enter the nucleus. Recent advances in next-generation sequencing technologies combined with nucleus/chromosome conformation capture, super-resolution imaging, chromosomal contact maps methods, integrative modeling, and genetic approaches, are uncovering novel features and importance of nuclear, chromosomal and genomic architecture. This book is an interesting read for cell biologists, researchers studying the structure and function of chromosomes, and anyone else who wants to get an overview of the field of nuclear, chromosomal and genomic architecture.
Download or read book Genetics of the Dog written by Elaine A. Ostrander and published by CABI. This book was released on 2012-01-01 with total page 537 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recognizing the significant advances made in the field of animal genetics in the ten years since the first edition of "The Genetics of the Dog", this new edition of the successful 2001 book provides a comprehensive update on the subject, along with new material on topics of current and growing interest. Existing chapters on essential topics such as immunogenetics, genetics of diseases, developmental genetics and the genetics of behaviour have been fully updated, while new authors report on the latest advances in areas such as genetic diversity of dog breeds, canine genomics, olfactor.
Download or read book Systems Biology Approaches Prevention Diagnosis and Understanding Mechanisms of Complex Diseases written by Sanket Joshi and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on with total page 587 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Systems Biology and Omics Approaches to Understand Complex Diseases Biology written by Amit Kumar Yadav and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2022-05-03 with total page 183 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Neuroimaging in Developmental Clinical Neuroscience written by Judith M. Rumsey and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2009-02-19 with total page 473 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Covers normative structural and functional brain maturation and mechanisms underlying basic developmental processes through neuroimaging.
Download or read book Addiction An Issue of Psychiatric Clinics E Book written by Itai Danovitch and published by Elsevier Health Sciences. This book was released on 2012-06-08 with total page 294 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This completely new and updated issue takes a focused look at addiction psychiatry in three sections: Diagnostics, Therapeutics, and New Directions. Dr. Danovitch, from Cedars-Sinai and Dr. Mariani from Columbia hone in on the most rapidly advancing and relevant areas of addiction for practitioners today, from defining addiction (implications of DSM-V), to genetics and neurobiology, to specific treatment options for a variety of patient populations: for pregnant women, adolescents, and patients suffering from chronic pain, for example. A variety of addiction types are discussed (ie, opioid, stimulant, and cannabis). The issue closes with discussions of emerging trends, systems of care, investigational therapeutics and the role of the criminal justice system.
Download or read book The Encyclopedia of Clinical Psychology 5 Volume Set written by Robin L. Cautin and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2015-01-20 with total page 3216 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Recommended. Undergraduates through faculty/researchers; professionals/practitioners;general readers." —Choice Includes well over 500 A-Z entries of between 500 and 7,500 words in length covering the main topics, key concepts, and influential figures in the field of clinical psychology Serves as a comprehensive reference with emphasis on philosophical and historical issues, cultural considerations, and conflicts Offers a historiographical overview of the ways in which research influences practice Cites the best and most up-to-date scientific evidence for each topic, encouraging readers to think critically 5 Volumes www.encyclopediaclinicalpsychology.com
