Download or read book Decomposition of Hydrogen Sulfide in an Alternating Current Frequency Tuned Plasma Reactor written by Venkatesh R. Desai and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 210 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Studies on Destruction of Hydrogen Sulfide Mixed with Carbon Dioxide in an Alternating Current Plasma ARC Reactor written by Sreenivasula Reddy Magunta and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 234 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Decomposition of Hydrogen Sulfide and Methane in Pulsed Corona Discharge Reactors written by Sanil John and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 186 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Natural gas typically contains 70-90% methane (CH4) and 0-5% hydrogen sulfide (H2S). The conversion of CH4 to hydrogen and more valuable unsaturated higher hydrocarbons is of great importance to the petrochemical industry. Direct decomposition of H2S to yield hydrogen and sulfur would be more beneficial than the conventional Claus process which converts H2S into sulfur and water. CH4 and H2S have been separately decomposed in our experiments with a wire-in-tube pulsed corona discharge reactor. The pulsed corona discharge is a good source for generating chemically active species at room temperature, which initiate chemical reactions leading to CH4 and H2S conversion. The effect of capacitance, cathode material, gas flow rate, and specific energy input on conversion, energy efficiency, and product selectivity in the CH4 decomposition process was studied. Ethane and acetylene appear to be formed from dimerization of CH3 radicals and CH radicals, respectively, while ethylene is formed mainly from the dehydrogenation of ethane. Platinum coated stainless steel cathodes slightly enhance CH4 conversion relative to stainless steel cathodes, perhaps due to a weak catalytic effect. As specific energy input increases, energy efficiency for CH4 conversion goes through a minimum, while the selectivity of acetylene has a maximum value. Comparison of CH4 conversion for different types of plasma reactors shows that the pulsed corona discharge reactors may provide an attractive alternative method for low temperature CH4 conversion. H2S was diluted with one of the four balance gases (Ar, He, N2 and H2) to initiate a corona discharge in our reactor. Breakdown voltages are proportional to the partial pressure of H2S and balance gas. H2S conversion rates and energy efficiencies depend on the balance gas and inlet H2S concentrations. H2S conversion in atomic balance gases like Ar and He is more efficient than that in diatomic balance gases like N2 and H2. H2S decomposition in a novel pulsed corona wire-in-tube reactor with quartz view-ports allowed visual observation of the effect of charge voltage and gas composition on the corona distribution. The H2S conversion and energy efficiency of H2S decomposition varied at constant power due to the selected values of the electrical parameters of pulse forming capacitance, charge voltage, and pulse frequency. Low pulse forming capacitance, low charge voltage, and high pulse frequency operation produce the highest energy efficiency for H2S conversion at constant power. H2S conversion is more efficient in Ar-N2 gas mixture than in Ar or N2. These results can be explained by corona discharge observations, the electron attachment reactions of H2S at the streamer energies and the proposed reaction mechanism of H2S dissociation. The lowest energy consumption for H2S decomposition in a plasma reactor at non-vacuum pressures was obtained in an equimolar mixture of Ar and N2 at the lowest value of pulse forming capacitance. The results reveal the potential for energy efficient H2S decomposition in pulsed corona discharge reactors.
Download or read book Application of Low Current Gliding Arc Plasma Discharges for Hydrogen Sulfide Decomposition and Carbon Dioxide Emission Reduction written by Thomas Patrick Nunnally and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 360 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Presently, hydrogen sulfide decomposition and carbon dioxide emission reduction are among some of the most costly and challenging processes encountered in industry. As a result, the search for efficient, low cost solutions to these processes are often proposed and studied. Unfortunately, very few cost effective solutions have been discovered making implementation at industrial scale very difficult. More recently, the application of low current gliding arc has been proposed as a promising technology for these industrial processes; however poor reactor design and unrealistic gas compositions have ultimately made industrial implementation impossible. In this study, two new, improved types of low current gliding arc, which can operate with realistic mixtures and can be applied at a large scale, are proposed, designed, and characterized. These newly proposed devices are then utilized for hydrogen sulfide and carbon dioxide decomposition. The results of these studies were found to be very promising.
Download or read book Plasma chemical Conversion of Hydrogen Sulfide Into Hydrogen and Sulfur written by and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 8 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A waste-treatment process that recovers both hydrogen and sulfur from hydrogen-sulfide-contaminated industrial wastes is being developed to replace the Claus technology, which recovers only sulfur. The proposed process is based on research reported in the Soviet technical literature and uses microwave (or radio-frequency) energy to initiate plasma-chemical reactions that dissociate hydrogen sulfide into elemental hydrogen and sulfur. In the plasma-chemical process, the gaseous stream would be purified and separated into streams containing the product hydrogen, hydrogen sulfide for recycle to the plasma reactor, and the process purge containing carbon dioxide and water. Since unconverted hydrogen sulfide is recycled to the plasma reactor, the plasma-chemical process has the potential for sulfur recoveries in excess of 99% without the additional tail-gas clean-up processes associated with the Claus technology. Laboratory experiments with pure hydrogen sulfide have confirmed that conversions of over 90% per pass are possible. Experiments with impurities typical of petroleum refinery and natural gas production acid gases have demonstrated that these impurities are compatible with the plasma dissociation process and do not appear to create new waste-treatment problems. Other experiments show that the cyclonic-flow pattern hypothesized by the Russian theoretical analysis of the plasma-chemical process can substantially decrease energy requirements for hydrogen sulfide dissociation while increasing conversion. This process has several advantages over the current Claus-plus-tail-gas-cleanup technology. The primary advantage is the potential for recovering hydrogen more cheaply than the direct production of hydrogen. The difference could amount to an energy savings of 40 x 1015 to 70 x 1015 J/yr in the refining industry, for an annual savings of $500 million to $1,000 million.
Download or read book Plasma Catalysis written by Annemie Bogaerts and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2019-04-02 with total page 248 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Plasma catalysis is gaining increasing interest for various gas conversion applications, such as CO2 conversion into value-added chemicals and fuels, N2 fixation for the synthesis of NH3 or NOx, methane conversion into higher hydrocarbons or oxygenates. It is also widely used for air pollution control (e.g., VOC remediation). Plasma catalysis allows thermodynamically difficult reactions to proceed at ambient pressure and temperature, due to activation of the gas molecules by energetic electrons created in the plasma. However, plasma is very reactive but not selective, and thus a catalyst is needed to improve the selectivity. In spite of the growing interest in plasma catalysis, the underlying mechanisms of the (possible) synergy between plasma and catalyst are not yet fully understood. Indeed, plasma catalysis is quite complicated, as the plasma will affect the catalyst and vice versa. Moreover, due to the reactive plasma environment, the most suitable catalysts will probably be different from thermal catalysts. More research is needed to better understand the plasma–catalyst interactions, in order to further improve the applications.
Download or read book Membrane Reactors for Hydrogen Production Processes written by Marcello De Falco and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-03-25 with total page 244 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Membrane Reactors for Hydrogen Production Processes deals with technological and economic aspects of hydrogen selective membranes application in hydrogen production chemical processes. Membrane Reactors for Hydrogen Production Processes starts with an overview of membrane integration in the chemical reaction environment, formulating the thermodynamics and kinetics of membrane reactors and assessing the performance of different process architectures. Then, the state of the art of hydrogen selective membranes, membrane manufacturing processes and the mathematical modeling of membrane reactors are discussed. A review of the most useful applications from an industrial point of view is given. These applications include: natural gas steam reforming, autothermal reforming, water gas shift reaction, decomposition of hydrogen sulphide, and alkanes dehydrogenation. The final part is dedicated to the description of a pilot plant where the novel configuration was implemented at a semi-industrial scale. Plant engineers, researchers and postgraduate students will find Membrane Reactors for Hydrogen Production Processes a comprehensive guide to the state of the art of membrane reactor technology.
Download or read book Non Thermal Plasma Techniques for Pollution Control written by Bernie M. Penetrante and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-06-29 with total page 422 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Acid rain, global warming, ozone depletion, and smog are preeminent environmental problems facing the world today. Non-thermal plasma techniques offer an innovative approach to the solution of some of these problems. There are many types of non-thermal plasma devices that have been developed for environmental applications. The potential of these devices for the destruction of pollutants or toxic molecules has already been demonstrated in many contexts, such as nitrogen oxides (NOX) and sulfur dioxide (SO2) in flue gases, heavy metals and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in industrial effluents, and chemical agents such as nerve gases. This book contains a comprehensive account of the latest developments in non-thermal plasma devices and their applications to the disposal of a wide variety of gaseous pollutants.
Download or read book Plasma Processes and Polymers written by Riccardo d'Agostino and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2006-03-06 with total page 545 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume compiles essential contributions to the most innovative fields of Plasma Processes and Polymers. High-quality contributions cover the fields of plasma deposition, plasma treatment of polymers and other organic compounds, plasma processes under partial vacuum and at atmospheric pressure, biomedical, textile, automotive, and optical applications as well as surface treatment of bulk materials, clusters, particles and powders. This unique collection of refereed papers is based on the best contributions presented at the 16th International Symposium on Plasma Chemistry in Taormina, Italy (ISPC-16, June 2003). A high class reference of relevance to a large audience in plasma community as well as in the area of its industrial applications.
Download or read book Catalysis written by James J Spivey and published by Royal Society of Chemistry. This book was released on 2021-06-14 with total page 494 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume looks at modern approaches to catalysis and reviews the extensive literature. Chapters highlight application of 2D materials in biomass conversion catalysis, plasmonic photocatalysis, catalytic demonstration of mesoporosity in the hierarchical zeolite and the effect of surface phase oxides on supported metals and catalysis. Looking to the future a chapter on ab initio machine learning for accelerating catalytic materials discovery is included. Appealing broadly to researchers in academia and industry, these illustrative chapters bridge the gap from academic studies in the laboratory to practical applications in industry not only for catalysis field but also for environmental protection. Other chapters with an industrial perspective include heterogeneous and homogeneous catalytic routes for vinyl acetate synthesis, catalysis for production of jet fuel from renewable sources by HDO/HDC and microwave-assisted catalysis for fuel conversion. Chemical reactions in ball mills is also explored. The book will be of great benefit to any researcher wanting a succinct reference on developments in this area now and looking to the future.
Download or read book Atomic Layer Deposition for Semiconductors written by Cheol Seong Hwang and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-10-18 with total page 266 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Offering thorough coverage of atomic layer deposition (ALD), this book moves from basic chemistry of ALD and modeling of processes to examine ALD in memory, logic devices and machines. Reviews history, operating principles and ALD processes for each device.
Download or read book Thermochemical Surface Engineering of Steels Improving Materials Performance written by Eric J. Mittemeijer and published by Woodhead Publishing. This book was released on 2017-11-13 with total page 550 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Thermochemical surface engineering significantly improves the properties of steels. Edited by two of the world s leading authorities, this important book summarises the range of techniques and their applications. It covers nitriding, nitrocarburizing and carburizing. There are also chapters on low temperature techniques as well as boriding, sheradizing, aluminizing, chromizing, thermo-reactive deposition and diffusion. Reviews the fundamentals of surface treatments and current performance of improved materialsCovers nitriding, nitrocarburizing and carburizing of iron and iron carbon alloysExamines how different thermochemical surface engineering methods can help against corrosion"
Download or read book Microwaves in Catalysis written by Satoshi Horikoshi and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2015-12-14 with total page 426 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A comprehensive overview covering the principles and preparation of catalysts, as well as reactor technology and applications in the field of organic synthesis, energy production, and environmental catalysis. Edited and authored by renowned and experienced scientists, this reference focuses on successful reaction procedures for applications in industry. Topics include catalyst preparation, the treatment of waste water and air, biomass and waste valorisation, hydrogen production, oil refining as well as organic synthesis in the presence of heterogeneous and homogeneous catalysts and continuous-flow reactions. With its practical relevance and successful methodologies, this is a valuable guide for chemists at universities working in the field of catalysis, organic synthesis, pharmaceutical or green chemistry, as well as researchers and engineers in the chemical industry.
Download or read book Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports written by and published by . This book was released on 1966 with total page 344 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Sustainable Ammonia Production written by Inamuddin and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-01-09 with total page 136 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents sustainable synthetic pathways and modern applications of ammonia. It focuses on the production of ammonia using various catalytic systems and its use in fuel cells, membrane, agriculture, and renewable energy sectors. The book highlights the history, investigation, and development of sustainable pathways for ammonia production, current challenges, and state-of-the-art reviews. While discussing industrial applications, it fills the gap between laboratory research and viable applications in large-scale production.
Download or read book Journal of Applied Chemistry written by and published by . This book was released on 1965 with total page 854 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Cold Plasma in Food and Agriculture written by NN Misra and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2016-07-15 with total page 382 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cold Plasma in Food and Agriculture: Fundamentals and Applications is an essential reference offering a broad perspective on a new, exciting, and growing field for the food industry. Written for researchers, industry personnel, and students interested in nonthermal food technology, this reference will lay the groundwork of plasma physics, chemistry, and technology, and their biological applications. Food scientists and food engineers interested in understanding the theory and application of nonthermal plasma for food will find this book valuable because it provides a roadmap for future developments in this emerging field. This reference is also useful for biologists, chemists, and physicists who wish to understand the fundamentals of plasma physics, chemistry, and technology and their biological interactions through applying novel plasma sources to food and other sensitive biomaterials. Examines the topic of cold plasma technology for food applications Demonstrates state-of-the-art developments in plasma technology and potential solutions to improve food safety and quality Presents a solid introduction for readers on the topics of plasma physics and chemistry that are required to understand biological applications for foods Serves as a roadmap for future developments for food scientists, food engineers, and biologists, chemists, and physicists working in this emerging field
