Download or read book Declustering and Stochastic Simulation of Ground water Tritium Concentrations at Hanford Washington written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 3 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Monitoring and characterization of radionuclides and hazardous chemicals in ground water are ongoing activities at the U.S. Department of Energy's (DOE) Hanford Site in south-central Washington State. These activities are conducted to assess the impacts of Site operations on public health and the environment, to comply with the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA), and for characterization of sites under the Comprehensive Environmental Resource Compensation and Liability Act (CERCLA). Periodic measurement and sampling of approximately 720 wells provides site-specific information about hydraulic head and contaminant concentrations. These data are then used to infer ground-water flow directions and gradients for the interpretation of contaminant transport. Tritium, a by-product of nuclear materials production, is the most wide-spread radionuclide contaminant on site. Identification of tritium concentrations above the Drinking Water Standard (DWS) of 20,000 pCi/L are of particular concern. However, due to preferential location of monitoring wells near historical production sites, a, disproportionately large number of samples originate in higher concentration areas. Consequently, univariate as well as bivariate (spatial) statistics like the variogram need to be adjusted to account for the preferential sampling. Such {open_quotes}declustering{close_quotes} of the samples is necessary to appraise the actual proportions above or below any cutoff (e.g., the DWS) and to accurately map or simulate tritium at unsampled locations.
Download or read book Energy Research Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 774 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Semiannual, with semiannual and annual indexes. References to all scientific and technical literature coming from DOE, its laboratories, energy centers, and contractors. Includes all works deriving from DOE, other related government-sponsored information, and foreign nonnuclear information. Arranged under 39 categories, e.g., Biomedical sciences, basic studies; Biomedical sciences, applied studies; Health and safety; and Fusion energy. Entry gives bibliographical information and abstract. Corporate, author, subject, report number indexes.
Download or read book Geostatistics for Environmental and Geotechnical Applications written by Shahrokh Rouhani and published by ASTM International. This book was released on 1996 with total page 281 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Results of Groundwater Modeling for Tritium Tracking at the Hanford Site 200 Area State Approved Land Disposal Site 2004 written by and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 5 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The model results presented in this report incorporates the reported data through June 2004 and then uses the updated discharge and tritium inventory values through 2034 based on more current information . Simulation results show that the tritium concentration in the aquifer reaching 1.6 million pCi/L in 1996 After that time, predicted concentration levels at the water table were variable ranging from just over 1 million to several hundred thousand pCi/L and on a downward trend by the year 2004, These simulated results generally reflect the changes in simulated monthly effluent discharges and tritium inventories discharged to the aquifer in the model analysis. These results are also generally consistent with tritium concentration levels and trends that have been observed in well 699-48-77A, the well south of the SALDS facility that is the first well impacted by SALDS operations. Given the differences between the smaller actual facility discharges and those projected in previous modeling, the updated 2004 model was generally consistent with previous estimates made with the 1997 model with regard to plume behavior. Concentrations for the updated model did not reach levels projected in 1997 and the plume did not extend as far out as was estimated in previous modeling. However because of the increase in tritium inventory in the updated projections from effluents originating from the Waste Treatment Plant, estimated tritium concentration levels beyond the year 2004 were projected to be much larger and to remain longer in the aquifer than was estimated in previous modeling efforts.
Download or read book INIS Atomindex written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 682 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Government Reports Announcements Index written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 1340 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Results of Tritium Tracking and Groundwater Monitoring at the Hanford Site 200 Area State Approved Land Disposal Site Fiscal Year 2000 written by and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 37 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Hanford Site 200 Area Effluent Treatment Facility (ETF) processes contaminated liquids derived from Hanford Site facilities. Groundwater monitoring for tritium and other constituents is required by the state-issued permit at 22 wells surrounding the facility. Water level measurements in nearby wells indicate that a small hydraulic mound exists around the SALDS facility as a result of discharges. Evaluation of this condition indicates that the network is currently adequate for tracking potential effects of the SALDS on the groundwater. During FY 2000, average tritium activities in most wells declined from average activities in 1999. The exception was deep well 699-48-77C, where tritium results were at an all-time high (710,000 pCi/L) as a result of the delayed penetration of effluent deeper into the aquifer. Of the 12 constituents with permit enforcement limits, which are monitored in SALDS proximal wells, all were within groundwater limitations during FY 2000. Analyses for conductivity, total dissolved solids, sulfate, chloride, sulfate, dissolved calcium, and dissolved sodium indicate that well 699-48-77A and, to a lesser extent, well 699-48-77D show the effects of dilute effluent entering groundwater, resulting in a depression of concentrations of these constituents below natural background levels. Recommendations for future monitoring include temporarily increasing the frequency of tritium sampling at wells 299-W7-3, 299-W7-5, and 299-W7-7 to quarterly. This measure may assist in a more accurate determination of the southern bounds of the SALDS-generated tritium plume, provide estimates of travel time for model comparisons, and help preserve the distinction between this plume and the older 200 West tritium plume further east.
Download or read book Tritium Monitoring in Groundwater and Evaluation of Model Predictions for the Hanford Site 200 Area Effluent Treatment Facility written by Douglas B. Barnett and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Results of Tritium Tracking and Groundwater Monitoring at the Hanford Site 200 Area State Approved Land Disposal Site FY1999 written by and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 29 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Hanford Site 200 Area Effluent Treatment Facility (ETF) processes contaminated liquids derived from Hanford Site facilities. The clean water generated by these processes is occasionally enriched in tritium and is discharged to the 200 Area State Approved Land Disposal Site (SALDS). Groundwater monitoring for tritium and other constituents is required by the state-issued permit at 21 wells surrounding the facility. During FY 1999, average tritium activities in most wells declined from average activities in 1998. The exception was deep well 69948-77C, where tritium results were at an all-time high (77,000 pCi/L) as a result of the delayed penetration of effluent deeper into the aquifer. Of the 12 constituents with permit enforcement limits, which are monitored in SALDS proximal wells, all were within limits during FY 1999. Water level measurements in nearby wells indicate that a small hydraulic mound exists around the SALDS facility as a result of discharges. This feature is directing groundwater flow radially outward a short distance before the regional northeasterly flow predominates. Evaluation of this condition indicates that the network is currently adequate for tracking potential effects of the SALDS on the groundwater. Recommendations include the discontinuation of ammonia, benzene, tetrahydrofuran, and acetone from the regular groundwater constituent list; designating background well 299-W8-1 as a tritium-tracking well only, and the use of quadruplicate averages of field pH, instead of a single laboratory measurement, as a permit compliance parameter.
Download or read book Results of Tritium Tracking and Groundwater Monitoring at the Hanford Site 200 Area State Approved Land Disposal SiteFiscal Year 2003 written by and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Hanford Site 200 Area Effluent Treatment Facility (ETF) processes contaminated aqueous wastes derived from Hanford Site facilities. The treated wastewater occasionally contains tritium, which is not removed by the ETF, and is discharged to the 200 Area State-Approved Land Disposal Site (SALDS). During fiscal year (FY) 2003 to date (through August 31, 2003), approximately 96-million liters (25.3-million gallons) of water have been discharged to the SALDS. Groundwater monitoring for tritium and other constituents, and water-level measurements are required by the state-issued permit at the SALDS. The current network consists of 3 proximal monitoring wells and 16 tritium-tracking wells. Proximal wells were sampled in October 2002, and January, February, April, and September of 2003. Tritium-tracking wells were sampled in January and September of 2003, but September results were delayed because of fire hazards near the wellheads. Water-level measurements in three wells nearest the SALDS indicate the continuation of a small hydraulic mound beneath the SALDS facility as a result of discharges. This feature is directing groundwater flow radially outward a short distance before the regional northeasterly flow predominates. This condition also places several wells south of the SALDS hydraulically downgradient of the facility. Some of the wells south of the SALDS in the tritium-tracking network have dried or are projected to soon be dry. Wells 299-W7-6 went dry during FY 2003, preventing collection of the September sample from this well. Tritium activities decreased in all three SALDS proximal wells during FY 2003, compared with FY 2002. Timing between detections of tritium and other constituents in well 699-48-77C suggest a delay of approximately 3 years from detection in wells 699-48-77A and 699-48-77D. Sporadic detections in well 299-W7-5 suggest that tritium from SALDS may be reaching the northern edge of the 200 West Area, south of the facility and may be at the extreme southern edge of the plume. Comparison of head distribution in March 2003 and reported FY 2003 tritium activities, with numerical predictions of these quantities for 2000 and 2005, suggests that modeling performed in 1997 only slightly overestimated the areal spread of tritium around the SALDS to date.
Download or read book Results of Tritium Tracking and Groundwater Monitoring at the Hanford Site 200 ARea State Approved Land Disposal Site Fiscal Year 2002 written by and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Tritium activities decreased in all three SALDS proximal wells during FY 2002, compared with FY 2001. Activities in well 699-48-77A first decreased to less than 3,000 pCi/L in January 2002, but rose to 150,000 in July, probably as a result of tritium discharges to SALDS that resumed in February 2002. Well 699-48-77C, where tritium analysis produced a maximum value of 750,000 pCi/L in January 2002, reflects the result of the delayed penetration of effluent deeper into the aquifer from tritium discharges. SALDS proximal well 699-48-77D produced a maximum result of 240,000 pCi/L in July 2002. Timing between detections of tritium and other constituents in well 699-48-77C suggest a delay of approximately three years from detection in wells 699-48-77A and 699-48-77D. Historically maxima for tritium (790 and 860 pCi/L in successive sample periods) suggest that tritium from SALDS may be reaching the northern edge of the 200 West Area, south of the facility.
Download or read book Results of Tritium Tracking and Groundwater Monitoring at the Hanford Site 200 Area State approved Land Disposal Site written by Douglas B. Barnett and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book 2001 Evaluation of Tritium Removal Mitigation Technologies for Waste Water Treatment written by and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 31 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report contains the 2001 biennial update evaluation of separation technologies and other mitigation techniques to control tritium in liquid effluents and groundwater at the Hanford site. A thorough literature review was completed, and national and international experts in the field of tritium separation and mitigation techniques were consulted. Current state-of-the-art technologies to address the control of tritium in wastewaters were identified and are described. This report was prepared to satisfy the Hanford Federal Facility Agreement and Consent Order Tri-Party Agreement, Milestone M-29-O5H (Ecology, EPA, and DOE 1996). Tritium separation and isolation technologies are evaluated on a biennial basis to determine their feasibility for implementation for the control of Hanford site liquid effluents and groundwater to meet the US. Code of Federal Regulations (CFR), Title 40 CFR 141.16, drinking water maximum contaminant level (MCL) for tritium of 0.02 [mu] Ci/l (≈2 parts per quadrillion [10−15]) and/or DOE Order 5400.5 as low as reasonably achievable (ALARA) policy The objectives of this evaluation were to (1) status the development of potentially viable tritium separations technologies with regard to reducing tritium concentrations in current Hanford site process waters and existing groundwater to MCL levels and (2) status control methods to prevent the flow of tritiated water at concentrations greater than the MCL to the environment. Current tritium releases are in compliance with applicable US Environmental Protection Agency, Washington State Department of Ecology, and U.S. Department of Energy requirements under the Tri-Party Agreement. Advances in technologies for the separation of tritium from wastewater since the 1999 Hanford Site evaluation report include: (1) construction and testing of the Combined Industrial Reforming and Catalytic Exchange (CIRCE) Prototype Plant by Atomic Energy Canada Limited (AECL). The plant has a stage that uses the combined electrolysis catalytic exchange (CECE) and a stage that uses the bithermal hydrogen-waterprocess. The testing is still ongoing at the time of the development of this evaluation report, therefore, final results of the testing are not available; (2) further testing and a DOE sponsored American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME) peer review of a tritium resin separations process to remove tritium from wastewaters; and (3) completion of the design of the water detritiation system for the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER). The system uses a variation of the CECE process, and is designed to process 20 Whr of feed. The primary advance in technologies to control tritium migration in groundwater are the implementation of phytoremediation as a method of reducing the amount of tritium contaminated groundwater reaching the surface waters at Argonne National Laboratory, and initiation of a project for phytoremediation at the Savannah River Site.
Download or read book Results of Tritium Tracking and Groundwater Monitoring at the Hanford Site 200 Area State Approved Land Disposal Site Fiscal Year 2001 written by and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 5 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Hanford Site 200 Area Effluent Treatment Facility (ETF) processes contaminated liquids derived from Hanford Site facilities. The clean water generated by these processes is occasionally enriched in tritium, and is discharged to the 200 Area State Approved Land Disposal Site (SALDS). Groundwater monitoring for tritium and other constituents is required by the state-issued permit at 22 wells surrounding the facility. During FY 2001, tritium activities in the SALDS proximal well 699-48-77A increased (maximum 670,000 pCi/L) as a result of the resumption of tritium disposal in September 2000, following a 16-month hiatus in significant tritium discharges. Well 699-48-77C, where tritium results reached a maximum value of 980,000 pCi/L, is reflecting the result of the delayed penetration of effluent deeper into the aquifer from 1999 SALDS tritium discharges. Speculation in FY 2000 (Barnett 2000b) that tritium may have reached two wells due south of the facility is probably premature. FY 2001 results indicate no departures from historical levels of tritium in these wells.
Download or read book Results of Tritium Tracking and Groundwater Monitoring at the Hanford Site 200 Area State approved Land Disposal Site Fiscal Year 2004 written by Robert F. Raidl and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Results of Tritium Tracking and Groundwater Monitoring at the Hanford Site 200 Area State approved Land Disposal Site Fiscal Year 2005 written by Robert F. Raidl and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book ASTM Standardization News written by American Society for Testing and Materials and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 612 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
