Download or read book Discriminating Data written by Wendy Hui Kyong Chun and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2021-11-02 with total page 341 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: How big data and machine learning encode discrimination and create agitated clusters of comforting rage. In Discriminating Data, Wendy Hui Kyong Chun reveals how polarization is a goal—not an error—within big data and machine learning. These methods, she argues, encode segregation, eugenics, and identity politics through their default assumptions and conditions. Correlation, which grounds big data’s predictive potential, stems from twentieth-century eugenic attempts to “breed” a better future. Recommender systems foster angry clusters of sameness through homophily. Users are “trained” to become authentically predictable via a politics and technology of recognition. Machine learning and data analytics thus seek to disrupt the future by making disruption impossible. Chun, who has a background in systems design engineering as well as media studies and cultural theory, explains that although machine learning algorithms may not officially include race as a category, they embed whiteness as a default. Facial recognition technology, for example, relies on the faces of Hollywood celebrities and university undergraduates—groups not famous for their diversity. Homophily emerged as a concept to describe white U.S. resident attitudes to living in biracial yet segregated public housing. Predictive policing technology deploys models trained on studies of predominantly underserved neighborhoods. Trained on selected and often discriminatory or dirty data, these algorithms are only validated if they mirror this data. How can we release ourselves from the vice-like grip of discriminatory data? Chun calls for alternative algorithms, defaults, and interdisciplinary coalitions in order to desegregate networks and foster a more democratic big data.

Download or read book Spurious Correlations written by Tyler Vigen and published by Hachette Books. This book was released on 2015-05-12 with total page 303 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Spurious Correlations ... is the most fun you'll ever have with graphs." -- Bustle Military intelligence analyst and Harvard Law student Tyler Vigen illustrates the golden rule that "correlation does not equal causation" through hilarious graphs inspired by his viral website. Is there a correlation between Nic Cage films and swimming pool accidents? What about beef consumption and people getting struck by lightning? Absolutely not. But that hasn't stopped millions of people from going to tylervigen.com and asking, "Wait, what?" Vigen has designed software that scours enormous data sets to find unlikely statistical correlations. He began pulling the funniest ones for his website and has since gained millions of views, hundreds of thousands of likes, and tons of media coverage. Subversive and clever, Spurious Correlations is geek humor at its finest, nailing our obsession with data and conspiracy theory.

Download or read book Mathematical Contributions to the Theory of Evolution written by Karl Pearson and published by . This book was released on 1904 with total page 230 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book State Space System Realization with Input and Output Data Correlation written by Jer-Nan Juang and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 48 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Core Concepts in Data Analysis Summarization Correlation and Visualization written by Boris Mirkin and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-04-05 with total page 402 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Core Concepts in Data Analysis: Summarization, Correlation and Visualization provides in-depth descriptions of those data analysis approaches that either summarize data (principal component analysis and clustering, including hierarchical and network clustering) or correlate different aspects of data (decision trees, linear rules, neuron networks, and Bayes rule). Boris Mirkin takes an unconventional approach and introduces the concept of multivariate data summarization as a counterpart to conventional machine learning prediction schemes, utilizing techniques from statistics, data analysis, data mining, machine learning, computational intelligence, and information retrieval. Innovations following from his in-depth analysis of the models underlying summarization techniques are introduced, and applied to challenging issues such as the number of clusters, mixed scale data standardization, interpretation of the solutions, as well as relations between seemingly unrelated concepts: goodness-of-fit functions for classification trees and data standardization, spectral clustering and additive clustering, correlation and visualization of contingency data. The mathematical detail is encapsulated in the so-called “formulation” parts, whereas most material is delivered through “presentation” parts that explain the methods by applying them to small real-world data sets; concise “computation” parts inform of the algorithmic and coding issues. Four layers of active learning and self-study exercises are provided: worked examples, case studies, projects and questions.

Download or read book Calling Bullshit written by Carl T. Bergstrom and published by Random House Trade Paperbacks. This book was released on 2021-04-20 with total page 338 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Bullshit isn’t what it used to be. Now, two science professors give us the tools to dismantle misinformation and think clearly in a world of fake news and bad data. “A modern classic . . . a straight-talking survival guide to the mean streets of a dying democracy and a global pandemic.”—Wired Misinformation, disinformation, and fake news abound and it’s increasingly difficult to know what’s true. Our media environment has become hyperpartisan. Science is conducted by press release. Startup culture elevates bullshit to high art. We are fairly well equipped to spot the sort of old-school bullshit that is based in fancy rhetoric and weasel words, but most of us don’t feel qualified to challenge the avalanche of new-school bullshit presented in the language of math, science, or statistics. In Calling Bullshit, Professors Carl Bergstrom and Jevin West give us a set of powerful tools to cut through the most intimidating data. You don’t need a lot of technical expertise to call out problems with data. Are the numbers or results too good or too dramatic to be true? Is the claim comparing like with like? Is it confirming your personal bias? Drawing on a deep well of expertise in statistics and computational biology, Bergstrom and West exuberantly unpack examples of selection bias and muddled data visualization, distinguish between correlation and causation, and examine the susceptibility of science to modern bullshit. We have always needed people who call bullshit when necessary, whether within a circle of friends, a community of scholars, or the citizenry of a nation. Now that bullshit has evolved, we need to relearn the art of skepticism.

Download or read book Correlated Data Analysis Modeling Analytics and Applications written by Xue-Kun Song and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-07-27 with total page 356 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book covers recent developments in correlated data analysis. It utilizes the class of dispersion models as marginal components in the formulation of joint models for correlated data. This enables the book to cover a broader range of data types than the traditional generalized linear models. The reader is provided with a systematic treatment for the topic of estimating functions, and both generalized estimating equations (GEE) and quadratic inference functions (QIF) are studied as special cases. In addition to the discussions on marginal models and mixed-effects models, this book covers new topics on joint regression analysis based on Gaussian copulas.

Download or read book An Introduction to Statistical Analysis in Research written by Kathleen F. Weaver and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2017-09-05 with total page 608 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Provides well-organized coverage of statistical analysis and applications in biology, kinesiology, and physical anthropology with comprehensive insights into the techniques and interpretations of R, SPSS®, Excel®, and Numbers® output An Introduction to Statistical Analysis in Research: With Applications in the Biological and Life Sciences develops a conceptual foundation in statistical analysis while providing readers with opportunities to practice these skills via research-based data sets in biology, kinesiology, and physical anthropology. Readers are provided with a detailed introduction and orientation to statistical analysis as well as practical examples to ensure a thorough understanding of the concepts and methodology. In addition, the book addresses not just the statistical concepts researchers should be familiar with, but also demonstrates their relevance to real-world research questions and how to perform them using easily available software packages including R, SPSS®, Excel®, and Numbers®. Specific emphasis is on the practical application of statistics in the biological and life sciences, while enhancing reader skills in identifying the research questions and testable hypotheses, determining the appropriate experimental methodology and statistical analyses, processing data, and reporting the research outcomes. In addition, this book: • Aims to develop readers’ skills including how to report research outcomes, determine the appropriate experimental methodology and statistical analysis, and identify the needed research questions and testable hypotheses • Includes pedagogical elements throughout that enhance the overall learning experience including case studies and tutorials, all in an effort to gain full comprehension of designing an experiment, considering biases and uncontrolled variables, analyzing data, and applying the appropriate statistical application with valid justification • Fills the gap between theoretically driven, mathematically heavy texts and introductory, step-by-step type books while preparing readers with the programming skills needed to carry out basic statistical tests, build support figures, and interpret the results • Provides a companion website that features related R, SPSS, Excel, and Numbers data sets, sample PowerPoint® lecture slides, end of the chapter review questions, software video tutorials that highlight basic statistical concepts, and a student workbook and instructor manual An Introduction to Statistical Analysis in Research: With Applications in the Biological and Life Sciences is an ideal textbook for upper-undergraduate and graduate-level courses in research methods, biostatistics, statistics, biology, kinesiology, sports science and medicine, health and physical education, medicine, and nutrition. The book is also appropriate as a reference for researchers and professionals in the fields of anthropology, sports research, sports science, and physical education. KATHLEEN F. WEAVER, PhD, is Associate Dean of Learning, Innovation, and Teaching and Professor in the Department of Biology at the University of La Verne. The author of numerous journal articles, she received her PhD in Ecology and Evolutionary Biology from the University of Colorado. VANESSA C. MORALES, BS, is Assistant Director of the Academic Success Center at the University of La Verne. SARAH L. DUNN, PhD, is Associate Professor in the Department of Kinesiology at the University of La Verne and is Director of Research and Sponsored Programs. She has authored numerous journal articles and received her PhD in Health and Exercise Science from the University of New South Wales. KANYA GODDE, PhD, is Assistant Professor in the Department of Anthropology and is Director/Chair of Institutional Review Board at the University of La Verne. The author of numerous journal articles and a member of the American Statistical Association, she received her PhD in Anthropology from the University of Tennessee. PABLO F. WEAVER, PhD, is Instructor in the Department of Biology at the University of La Verne. The author of numerous journal articles, he received his PhD in Ecology and Evolutionary Biology from the University of Colorado.

Download or read book Encyclopedia of Public Health written by Wilhelm Kirch and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-06-13 with total page 1611 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Encyclopedic Reference of Public Health presents the most important definitions, principles and general perspectives of public health, written by experts of the different fields. The work includes more than 2,500 alphabetical entries. Entries comprise review-style articles, detailed essays and short definitions. Numerous figures and tables enhance understanding of this little-understood topic. Solidly structured and inclusive, this two-volume reference is an invaluable tool for clinical scientists and practitioners in academia, health care and industry, as well as students, teachers and interested laypersons.

Download or read book Correlation and Regression written by Philip Bobko and published by SAGE Publications. This book was released on 2001-04-10 with total page 303 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: ". . . the writing makes this book interesting to all levels of students. Bobko tackles tough issues in an easy way but provides references for more complex and complete treatment of the subject. . . . there is a familiarity and love of the material that radiates through the words." --Malcolm James Ree, ORGANIZATIONAL RESEARCH METHODS, April 2002 "This book provides one of the clearest treatments of correlations and regression of any statistics book I have seen. . . . Bobko has achieved his objective of making the topics of correlation and regression accessible to students. . . . For someone looking for a very clearly written treatment of applied correlation and regression, this book would be an excellent choice." --Paul E. Spector, University of South Florida "As a quantitative methods instructor, I have reviewed and used many statistical textbooks. This textbook and approach is one of the very best when it comes to user-friendliness, approachability, clarity, and practical utility." --Steven G. Rogelberg, Bowling Green State University Building on the classical examples in the first edition, this updated edition provides students with an accessible textbook on statistical theories in correlation and regression. Taking an applied approach, the author uses concrete examples to help the student thoroughly understand how statistical techniques work and how to creatively apply them based on specific circumstances they face in the "real world." The author uses a layered approach in each chapter, first offering the student an intuitive understanding of the problems or examples and progressing through to the underlying statistics. This layered approach and the applied examples provide students with the foundation and reasoning behind each technique, so they will be able to use their own judgement to effectively choose from the alternative data analytic options.

Download or read book Learning Statistics Using R written by Randall E. Schumacker and published by SAGE Publications. This book was released on 2014-01-28 with total page 648 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Providing easy-to-use R script programs that teach descriptive statistics, graphing, and other statistical methods, Learning Statistics Using R shows readers how to run and utilize R, a free integrated statistical suite that has an extensive library of functions. Randall E. Schumacker’s comprehensive book describes in detail the processing of variables in statistical procedures. Covering a wide range of topics, from probability and sampling distribution to statistical theorems and chi-square, this introductory book helps readers learn not only how to use formulae to calculate statistics, but also how specific statistics fit into the overall research process. Learning Statistics Using R covers data input from vectors, arrays, matrices and data frames, as well as the input of data sets from SPSS, SAS, STATA and other software packages. Schumacker’s text provides the freedom to effectively calculate, manipulate, and graphically display data, using R, on different computer operating systems without the expense of commercial software. Learning Statistics Using R places statistics within the framework of conducting research, where statistical research hypotheses can be directly addressed. Each chapter includes discussion and explanations, tables and graphs, and R functions and outputs to enrich readers′ understanding of statistics through statistical computing and modeling.

Download or read book Longitudinal Data with Serial Correlation written by Richard .H. Jones and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2018-05-04 with total page 250 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This monograph is written for students at the graduate level in biostatistics, statistics or other disciplines that collect longitudinal data. It concentrates on the state space approach that provides a convenient way to compute likelihoods using the Kalman filter.

Download or read book The Interpretation of Correlation Data written by Arthur Benjamin Conner and published by . This book was released on 1923 with total page 32 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Noise Reduction in Speech Processing written by Jacob Benesty and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2009-04-28 with total page 236 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Noise is everywhere and in most applications that are related to audio and speech, such as human-machine interfaces, hands-free communications, voice over IP (VoIP), hearing aids, teleconferencing/telepresence/telecollaboration systems, and so many others, the signal of interest (usually speech) that is picked up by a microphone is generally contaminated by noise. As a result, the microphone signal has to be cleaned up with digital signal processing tools before it is stored, analyzed, transmitted, or played out. This cleaning process is often called noise reduction and this topic has attracted a considerable amount of research and engineering attention for several decades. One of the objectives of this book is to present in a common framework an overview of the state of the art of noise reduction algorithms in the single-channel (one microphone) case. The focus is on the most useful approaches, i.e., filtering techniques (in different domains) and spectral enhancement methods. The other objective of Noise Reduction in Speech Processing is to derive all these well-known techniques in a rigorous way and prove many fundamental and intuitive results often taken for granted. This book is especially written for graduate students and research engineers who work on noise reduction for speech and audio applications and want to understand the subtle mechanisms behind each approach. Many new and interesting concepts are presented in this text that we hope the readers will find useful and inspiring.

Download or read book Machine Learning and Big Data written by Uma N. Dulhare and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2020-09-01 with total page 544 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is intended for academic and industrial developers, exploring and developing applications in the area of big data and machine learning, including those that are solving technology requirements, evaluation of methodology advances and algorithm demonstrations. The intent of this book is to provide awareness of algorithms used for machine learning and big data in the academic and professional community. The 17 chapters are divided into 5 sections: Theoretical Fundamentals; Big Data and Pattern Recognition; Machine Learning: Algorithms & Applications; Machine Learning's Next Frontier and Hands-On and Case Study. While it dwells on the foundations of machine learning and big data as a part of analytics, it also focuses on contemporary topics for research and development. In this regard, the book covers machine learning algorithms and their modern applications in developing automated systems. Subjects covered in detail include: Mathematical foundations of machine learning with various examples. An empirical study of supervised learning algorithms like Naïve Bayes, KNN and semi-supervised learning algorithms viz. S3VM, Graph-Based, Multiview. Precise study on unsupervised learning algorithms like GMM, K-mean clustering, Dritchlet process mixture model, X-means and Reinforcement learning algorithm with Q learning, R learning, TD learning, SARSA Learning, and so forth. Hands-on machine leaning open source tools viz. Apache Mahout, H2O. Case studies for readers to analyze the prescribed cases and present their solutions or interpretations with intrusion detection in MANETS using machine learning. Showcase on novel user-cases: Implications of Electronic Governance as well as Pragmatic Study of BD/ML technologies for agriculture, healthcare, social media, industry, banking, insurance and so on.

Download or read book Wind Tunnel flight Data Correlation u written by James A. Behal and published by . This book was released on 1971 with total page 692 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A program was conducted to obtain data, both steady state and dynamic, from wind tunnel models and full scale flight tests of the RA-5C aircraft. Data were acquired on 0.228 and 0. 125 scale RA-5C inlet models and on a fully instrumented flight test RA-5C aircraft. Interim data reports presenting the data acquired during each test have been published. These data were utilized in this report to develop scaling techniques for correlating small scale model wind tunnel data with full scale flight data. Data presented include duct steady state operating characteristics and pressure distributions in the inlet and at the engine face. Dynamic data are presented in the form of engine face turbulence contour plots, radial turbulence distributions and selected spectral data functions. Data are presented for variations of angle of attack, angle of yaw, Reynolds number, ramp angle, secondary flow rates and inlet diverter width. Brief descriptions of the model and test methods are also presented.

Download or read book Core Data Analysis Summarization Correlation and Visualization written by Boris Mirkin and published by Springer. This book was released on 2019-04-15 with total page 536 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This text examines the goals of data analysis with respect to enhancing knowledge, and identifies data summarization and correlation analysis as the core issues. Data summarization, both quantitative and categorical, is treated within the encoder-decoder paradigm bringing forward a number of mathematically supported insights into the methods and relations between them. Two Chapters describe methods for categorical summarization: partitioning, divisive clustering and separate cluster finding and another explain the methods for quantitative summarization, Principal Component Analysis and PageRank. Features: · An in-depth presentation of K-means partitioning including a corresponding Pythagorean decomposition of the data scatter. · Advice regarding such issues as clustering of categorical and mixed scale data, similarity and network data, interpretation aids, anomalous clusters, the number of clusters, etc. · Thorough attention to data-driven modelling including a number of mathematically stated relations between statistical and geometrical concepts including those between goodness-of-fit criteria for decision trees and data standardization, similarity and consensus clustering, modularity clustering and uniform partitioning. New edition highlights: · Inclusion of ranking issues such as Google PageRank, linear stratification and tied rankings median, consensus clustering, semi-average clustering, one-cluster clustering · Restructured to make the logics more straightforward and sections self-contained Core Data Analysis: Summarization, Correlation and Visualization is aimed at those who are eager to participate in developing the field as well as appealing to novices and practitioners.