Download or read book D veloppement de sources laser fibre dop e Nd3 pour une mission autour de 900 nm et 450 nm written by Baptiste Leconte and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 274 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: De nombreux secteurs d'activité incluant les télécommunications et le biomédical nécessitent une source laser émettant dans le domaine spectral bleu avec une qualité de faisceau proche de la limite par diffraction. Pour obtenir une telle source, la solution retenue au cours de ce travail de thèse consiste à développer un système laser à fibre dopée Nd3+ de forte puissance opérant sur la transition 4F3/2-4I9/2 de l'ion Néodyme à 900 nm. Après doublage de fréquence dans un cristal non-linéaire, il devient alors possible d'accéder à des longueurs d'onde avoisinant 450 nm. Dans les fibres aluminosilicates, il existe néanmoins une forte compétition entre la transition 4F3/2-4I9/2 à 3 niveaux d'énergie de l'ion Nd3+ et la transition 4F3/2-4I11/2 autour de 1060 nm présentant un schéma à 4 niveaux d'énergie, ce qui constitue le principal obstacle à l'obtention d'une émission laser efficace à 900 nm. Dans un premiers temps, une étude théorique nous permet de déterminer les paramètres géométriques optimaux de fibres dopées Nd3+ à structure double-gaine afin de favoriser l'émission laser sur la transition d'intérêt. Ces fibres optimisées, réalisées par notre partenaire industriel iXblue, sont utilisées dans différentes architectures laser et d'amplification permettant notamment un accord en longueur d'onde sur une large gamme spectrale autour de 900 nm et l'amplification sélective de modes transverses. Dans ce cadre, les performances atteintes en termes de puissance et de qualité spatiale de faisceau à 900 nm autorisent une conversion de fréquence efficace autour de 450 nm, ce qui a mené au développement de nouvelles sources laser bleues opérant en régimes continu et impulsionnel.
Download or read book Mangrove Ecosystems A Global Biogeographic Perspective written by Victor H. Rivera-Monroy and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-11-03 with total page 407 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents a comprehensive overview and analysis of mangrove ecological processes, structure, and function at the local, biogeographic, and global scales and how these properties interact to provide key ecosystem services to society. The analysis is based on an international collaborative effort that focuses on regions and countries holding the largest mangrove resources and encompasses the major biogeographic and socio-economic settings of mangrove distribution. Given the economic and ecological importance of mangrove wetlands at the global scale, the chapters aim to integrate ecological and socio-economic perspectives on mangrove function and management using a system-level hierarchical analysis framework. The book explores the nexus between mangrove ecology and the capacity for ecosystem services, with an emphasis on thresholds, multiple stressors, and local conditions that determine this capacity. The interdisciplinary approach and illustrative study cases included in the book will provide valuable resources in data, information, and knowledge about the current status of one of the most productive coastal ecosystem in the world.
Download or read book Molecular Beam Epitaxy written by John Wilfred Orton and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 529 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book is a history of Molecular Beam Epitaxy (MBE) as applied to the growth of semiconductor thin films (note that it does not cover the subject of metal thin films). It begins by examining the origins of MBE, first of all looking at the nature of molecular beams and considering their application to fundamental physics, to the development of nuclear magnetic resonance and to the invention of the microwave MASER. It shows how molecular beams of silane (SiH4) were used to study the nucleation of silicon films on a silicon substrate and how such studies were extended to compound semiconductors such as GaAs. From such surface studies in ultra-high vacuum the technique developed into a method of growing high quality single crystal films of a wide range of semiconductors. Comparing this with earlier evaporation methods of deposition and with other epitaxial deposition methods such as liquid phase and vapour phase epitaxy (LPE and VPE). The text describes the development of MBE machines from the early 'home-made' variety to that of commercial equipment and show how MBE was gradually refined to produce high quality films with atomic dimensions. This was much aided by the use of various in-situ surface analysis techniques, such as reflection high energy electron diffraction (RHEED) and mass spectrometry, a feature unique to MBE. It looks at various modified versions of the basic MBE process, then proceed to describe their application to the growth of so-called 'low-dimensional structures' (LDS) based on ultra-thin heterostructure films with thickness of order a few molecular monolayers. Further chapters cover the growth of a wide range of different compounds and describe their application to fundamental physics and to the fabrication of electronic and opto-electronic devices. The authors study the historical development of all these aspects and emphasise both the (often unexpected) manner of their discovery and development and the unique features which MBE brings to the growth of extremely complex structures with monolayer accuracy.
Download or read book Pediatric Retina written by James D. Reynolds and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-09-14 with total page 459 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Pediatric retinal diseases are not simply retinal diseases that occur in children; rather, they are unique disorders that often are not found in adults. This textbook of the pediatric retina offers in-depth guidance on congenital and acquired diseases of the retina in the pediatric population. It is organized according to disease onset and timing, as well as anatomy. All chapters are written by leading authorities in the field from both the pediatric and the retinal perspective. A multidisciplinary approach to the topic is adopted, and critical information is included on disease classification and diagnosis, pathophysiology, genetics, complications, and prognosis. Pediatric Retina will be a useful source of information for pediatric ophthalmologists, retina specialists, and other eye care providers who care for children.
Download or read book Small Satellites for Earth Observation written by Rainer Sandau and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-04-18 with total page 399 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The 6th IAA Symposium on Small Satellites for Earth Observation, initiated by the International Academy of Astronautics (IAA), was again hosted by DLR, the German Aerospace Center. The participation of scientists, engineers, and managers from 24 countries reflected the high interest in the use of small satellites for dedicated missions applied to Earth observation. The contributions showed that dedicated Earth observation missions cover a wide range of very different tasks.
Download or read book Geology and Resource Potential of the Congo Basin written by Maarten J. de Wit and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2015-01-02 with total page 445 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book summarizes the geomorphology, geology, geochronology, geophysics and mineral resources of the Congo Basin, one of the world’s most enigmatic and poorly understood major intra-continental sedimentary basins, and its flanking areas of Central Africa. It provides an up to date analysis of the large region’s origin and evolution. The book’s nineteen chapters take the reader through the entire basement history, as well as the Basin’s ca. 700 million years of cover sequences. Starting from its Archean cratons and Proterozoic mobile belts, and proceeding through the Phanerozoic sequences, including the most recent Cenozoic successions, the book also explores the present drainage systems and the subtle but complex topography of the Congo Basin. It also presents and evaluates new basin models and related dynamic processes, as well as revised correlation schemes with its Gondwana counterparts in South America, all of which provide key insights into its rich diamond deposits and other mineral wealth, which are documented in the final chapters. A specific feature of this book is its synthesis, performed by teams of active experts, of a vast amount of geoscientific data previously only recorded in research reports, company reports, survey bulletins, and scattered journal articles and books. The sheer size of the Congo Basin (ca.1.8 million km2, or just under half the area of the EU) and Central Africa (some 7 million km2, or more than 70% of the area of the USA) will make this a sought-after source of information and inspiration on this unique region.
Download or read book Sustainable Agricultural Development written by Mohamed Behnassi and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-02-09 with total page 297 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Due to many challenges (i.e. climate change, energy, water and land shortage, high demands on food, land grabbing, etc.), agriculture production potential is expected to be seriously affected; thus, increasing food insecurity and hunger in many already affected regions (especially in Africa). In this context, sustainable agriculture is highly recommended as an eco-system approach where soil, water, plants, environment and living organisms live in harmony. Innovative technologies and research should be developed to ensure sustainable agriculture and productivity using modern irrigation systems, improved varieties, improved soil quality, etc. In the meantime, the preservation of natural environment should be based on resource conservation technologies and best management practices. Sustainable Agricultural Development, not only raises the serious ethical and social issues underlying these huge environmental problems, but also aims at presenting successful experiences from all over the world in relation with sustainable farming, sustainable management of water and land resources, and innovative processes in livestock production. It also aims at providing inputs to decision making processes and encouraging the transfer of relevant know-how, technologies and expertise to different countries where similar agro-climatic conditions may exist; thus saving precious resources and promoting sustainable agricultural development as a relevant approach to tackle the food security challenge. Finally, this book focuses on the paradigmatic and policy dimensions and call for an innovative approach by analyzing the key themes in a complex and interrelated manner.
Download or read book Agriculture Productivity in Tunisia Under Stressed Environment written by Faiza Khebour Allouche and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-05-18 with total page 348 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book highlights recent efforts to sustain agricultural productivity in Tunisia under a stressed environment and aridity conditions. This book's authors gathered a unique set of applications and approaches, including techniques applied to increase yield and preserve the environment, such as organic farming and using biochar amendment and its effects on soils' physicochemical properties. This book also presents water resources management and water management practices for sustainable soil production, diagnosis, and new farming technologies to enhance water-use efficiency. The book also addresses current livestock strategies intended to maintain production sustainability, increase fish productivity, and initiatives for sustainable tourism development. Given its scope, the book offers a valuable guide for policy planners, decision-makers, stakeholders, researchers, and graduate students in Tunisia and neighboring countries with similarly stressed environmental conditions.
Download or read book Biological Adhesives written by Andrew M. Smith and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-01-12 with total page 296 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Many creatures use adhesive polymers and structures to attach to inert substrates, to each other, or to other organisms. This is the first major review that brings together research on many of the well-known biological adhesives dealing with bacteria, fungi, algae, and marine and terrestrial animals. As we learn more about their molecular and mechanical properties we begin to understand why they adhere so well and with this comes broad applications in areas such as medicine, dentistry, and biotechnology.
Download or read book III Nitride Ultraviolet Emitters written by Michael Kneissl and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-11-12 with total page 454 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a comprehensive overview of the state-of-the-art in group III-nitride based ultraviolet LED and laser technologies, covering different substrate approaches, a review of optical, electronic and structural properties of InAlGaN materials as well as various optoelectronic components. In addition, the book gives an overview of a number of key application areas for UV emitters and detectors, including water purification, phototherapy, sensing, and UV curing. The book is written for researchers and graduate level students in the area of semiconductor materials, optoelectronics and devices as well as developers and engineers in the various application fields of UV emitters and detectors.
Download or read book Advances in Renewable Hydrogen and Other Sustainable Energy Carriers written by Abdallah Khellaf and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-08-19 with total page 517 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book examines a broad range of advances in hydrogen energy and alternative fuel developments and their role in the energy transition. The respective contributions were presented at the International Symposium on Sustainable Hydrogen, held in Algiers, Algeria on November 27-28, 2019. The transition from non-renewable polluting energy to sustainable green energy requires not only new energy sources but also new storage techniques and smart energy management. This situation has sparked renewed interest in hydrogen and alternative fuels, as they could help meet these needs. Indeed, hydrogen can not only be used as a clean energy vector or as an alternative fuel, but also as a storage medium or as an intermediary that enables improved energy management. This text offers a valuable reference guide for those working in the professional energy sector, as well as for students and instructors in academia who want to learn about the state of the art and future directions in the fields of hydrogen energy, alternative fuels and sustainable energy development.
Download or read book Water and Sustainability in Arid Regions written by Graciela Schneier-Madanes and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2009-12-01 with total page 361 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: International voices fill the pages of Water and Sustainability in Arid Regions, forming an original scientific exploration of current water research and management issues. In arid regions, agriculture that is ill-adapted to the environment, accelerated urbanization, poverty, and increasing pollution challenge access to and uses of water. Understanding these issues requires incorporating findings from both the physical and social sciences at different temporal and spatial scales. The chapters in this book were written by hydrologists, remote sensing specialists, ecologists, historians, economists, political scientists, architects, archaeologists, and other experts who live in and study arid lands. The authors present updates, overviews, and analyses of water challenges these areas have faced and are striving to address, from salinization in the fabled Taklimakan Desert in China to land degradation in the northern Mediterranean to groundwater over-exploitation in the southwestern United States. The book also examines desertification, remote sensing, qanat systems, architecture, arsenic contamination, and other case studies from Iran, the Maghreb region, Argentina and Chile, and Mexico. From this conceptual mosaic of comparative perspectives and research methods emerges a strong assumption: an interdisciplinary approach that combines physical and social sciences is the first step toward globally and comprehensively addressing water and sustainability."This book is a valuable and welcome contribution to the discussion of water and sustainable development. Through the collection of chapters, the book clearly illustrates the contemporary diversity of approaches to water scarcity and presents pertinent and new research findings that readers generally do not find compiled together. The result is a highly relevant, accessible, and timely resource that is unique in its international and interdisciplinary content. This is a must-read for anyone working on environmental and sustainability issues in arid lands."André Mariotti, University Pierre et Marie Curie, and INSU - CNRS (National Institute for Earth Sciences and Astronomy-National Center for Scientific Research/Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique), France "Anyone who reads this book will find himself or herself contemplating the need to rethink how we approach the issue of water and sustainability in arid lands. Drawing on the expertise of both physical and social scientists, the chapters taken as a whole present global, historic, and current perspectives on water scarcity in a multi-layered way that rarely has been done before." Miguel Solanes, Madrid Water Institute, Spain
Download or read book Annual Update in Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine 2021 written by Jean-Louis Vincent and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-09-03 with total page 301 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Annual Update compiles reviews of the most recent developments in experimental and clinical intensive care and emergency medicine research and practice in one comprehensive book. The chapters are written by well recognized experts in these fields. The book is addressed to everyone involved in internal medicine, anesthesia, surgery, pediatrics, intensive care and emergency medicine.
Download or read book Combating Desertification in Asia Africa and the Middle East written by G. Ali Heshmati and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-07-01 with total page 491 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is about the ‘how’ of desertification control as opposed to an analysis of the ‘why’ and fills a gap in the desertification-related literature in that it shows what to do in situations ranging from fixing mobile sands to arresting accelerated soil erosion in sloping lands. There are numerous illustrations to show the successful techniques. This compilation demonstrates that desertification and land degradation can be controlled and reversed with existing techniques in such widely varying environments as the Sahel of Africa to Sri Lanka and the Philippines in SE Asia, from mountains in Lesotho to low lands on desert margins in Mongolia. Proven approaches include technical interventions, changes in governance and to the legislative framework and policy reform. The book fills a gap in the desertification-related literature in that it shows what to do in situations ranging from fixing mobile sands to arresting accelerated soil erosion in sloping lands.
Download or read book Organic Solid State Lasers written by Sébastien Forget and published by Springer. This book was released on 2013-07-03 with total page 179 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Organic lasers are broadly tunable coherent sources, potentially compact, convenient and manufactured at low-costs. Appeared in the mid 60’s as solid-state alternatives for liquid dye lasers, they recently gained a new dimension after the demonstration of organic semiconductor lasers in the 90's. More recently, new perspectives appeared at the nanoscale, with organic polariton and surface plasmon lasers. After a brief reminder to laser physics, a first chapter exposes what makes organic solid-state organic lasers specific. The laser architectures used in organic lasers are then reviewed, with a state-of-the-art review of the performances of devices with regard to output power, threshold, lifetime, beam quality etc. A survey of the recent trends in the field is given, highlighting the latest developments with a special focus on the challenges remaining for achieving direct electrical pumping of organic semiconductor lasers. A last chapter covers the applications of organic solid-state lasers.
Download or read book Turbulence and Interactions written by Michel O. Deville and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-06-13 with total page 196 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book presents a snapshot of the state-of-art in the field of turbulence modeling and covers the latest developments concerning direct numerical simulations, large eddy simulations, compressible turbulence, coherent structures, two-phase flow simulation and other related topics. It provides readers with a comprehensive review of both theory and applications, describing in detail the authors’ own experimental results. The book is based on the proceedings of the third Turbulence and Interactions Conference (TI 2012), which was held on June 11-14 in La Saline-les-Bains, La Réunion, France and includes both keynote lectures and outstanding contributed papers presented at the conference. This multifaceted collection, which reflects the conference ́s emphasis on the interplay of theory, experiments and computing in the process of understanding and predicting the physics of complex flows and solving related engineering problems, offers a practice-oriented guide for students, researchers and professionals in the field of computational fluid dynamics, turbulence modeling and related areas.
Download or read book Emerging Challenges to Food Production and Security in Asia Middle East and Africa written by Mohamed Behnassi and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-07-28 with total page 330 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book, as a part of a series of CERES publications, provides a multi-regional and cross-sectoral analysis of food and water security, especially in the era of climate risks, biodiversity loss, pressure on scarce resources, especially land and water, increasing global population, and changing dietary preferences. It includes both conceptual research and empirically-based studies, which provides context-specific analyses and recommendations based on a variety of case studies from Africa, Middle East, and Asia regarding the fostering of long-term resilience of food and water security. The core approach of the volume consists of: assessing the structural drivers affecting the vulnerability of food and water security, under the persistence of current trends; identifying the best solutions and practices to enhance the climate resilience for food and water security; and fostering climate adaptation and biodiversity protection for food and water security.
