Download or read book D finir la coop ration homme machine dans la conduite de syst mes automatis s written by Valérie Lagrange and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 186 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: AVEC CETTE RECHERCHE, NOUS AVONS VOULU TRAITER LA QUESTION DE L'AUTOMATISATION DANS LA CONDUITE DE PROCESSUS COMPLEXES, TELLE QU'ELLE EST POSEE DANS LE CONTEXTE INDUSTRIEL. LES QUESTIONS QUE SE POSENT LES CONCEPTEURS DANS LES PROJETS INDUSTRIELS ONT AINSI CONSTITUE LE POINT DE DEPART DE NOTRE RECHERCHE : "QUEL EST LE NIVEAU OPTIMAL D'AUTOMATISATION? QUELS PRINCIPES PEUT-ON UTILISER POUR DEFINIR LA REPARTITION DES TACHES HOMME-MACHINE ?" AFIN DE REPONDRE A CES QUESTIONS ET DANS L'OBJECTIF D'AMELIORER LA PRISE EN COMPTE DU FACTEUR HUMAIN EN CONCEPTION, NOUS NOUS SOMMES CONSTRUITS UNE POSITION DE DEPART VIS-A-VIS DE L'AUTOMATISATION DANS LES PROCESSUS COMPLEXES, A PARTIR DE DEUX SOURCES DE CONNAISSANCES : - L'ANALYSE DES REPONSES APPORTEES PAR DIFFERENTS AUTEURS ALA QUESTION DE L'AUTOMATISATION, - L'ANALYSE DE SITUATIONS DE REFERENCE AUTOMATISEES, AFIN D'IDENTIFIER LE ROLE EFFECTIF DES OPERATEURS FACE AUX AUTOMATISMES. CES ANALYSES ONT ETE MENEES DANS UNE PERSPECTIVE D'ERGONOMIE DE LANGUE FRANCAISES; ELLES NOUS ONT AMENES A DEFINIR UNE DEMARCHE ET DES PRINCIPES POUR UNE "AUTOMATISATION CENTREE SUR L'OPERATEUR". NOUS PROPOSONS DE REFORMULER LA QUESTION DU NIVEAU D'AUTOMATISATION, EN ADOPTANT UNE DEMARCHE PLUS OUVERTE, QUI CONSISTE A CHOISIR DES MODES DE COOPERATION HOMME-MACHINE SOUHAITABLES, EN TENANT COMPTE DU ROLE CRUCIAL DES OPERATEURS EN CONDUITE DE SYSTEMES AUTOMATISES.
Download or read book Coop ration homme machine dans les syst mes base de connaissances written by Valérie Senges and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: AFIN D'AMELIORER LA COOPERATION ENTRE LE SYSTEME A BASE DE CONNAISSANCES ET LES UTILISATEURS, NOUS PROPOSONS DE DEFINIR DES MODELES DE COOPERATION. CES MODELES INTEGRENT LES PRINCIPALES CARACTERISTIQUES DES UTILISATEURS AUXQUELLES S'ADAPTE LE COMPORTEMENT DU SYSTEME. CETTE THESE PROPOSE UNE METHODE POUR LA CONSTRUCTION DES MODELES DE COOPERATION HOMME-MACHINE DANS LES SYSTEMES A BASE DE CONNAISSANCES. LE MODELE DE COOPERATION MET EN CORRESPONDANCE LE DOMAINE DE CONNAISSANCES DES UTILISATEURS ET CELUI DE L'EXPERT AFIN QUE LE SYSTEME N'ECHANGE AVEC LES UTILISATEURS QUE DES INFORMATIONS QU'ILS SONT SUSCEPTIBLES DE COMPRENDRE. AINSI, POUR UN SYSTEME A BASE DE CONNAISSANCES, LA METHODE PROPOSEE PERMET DE CONSTRUIRE UN MODELE DE COOPERATION PAR TYPE D'UTILISATEUR RECENSE COMME POUVANT AVOIR A UTILISER LE SYSTEME. CHAQUE MODELE DE COOPERATION CONTIENT PLUSIEURS REPARTITIONS DES TACHES ENTRE L'HOMME ET LA MACHINE. CES REPARTITIONS RESPECTENT LES REGLES ORGANISATIONNELLES ET GUIDENT LORS DE L'UTILISATION (DE FACON CONTRAINTE OU NON) LES UTILISATEURS CONFORMEMENT A LEURS CAPACITES. CETTE COOPERATION ENTRE L'HOMME ET LA MACHINE EST DEFINIE A PRIORI, PENDANT LA CONCEPTION DU SYSTEME. ELLE PERMET D'AMELIORER L'INTERACTION HOMME-MACHINE AVEC DES SYSTEMES A BASE DE CONNAISSANCES EN PRENANT EN COMPTE : .LES REGLES ORGANISATIONNELLES QUI DEFINISSENT LA LATITUDE DECISIONNELLE DES UTILISATEURS ; . LE DOMAINE DE CONNAISSANCES DES UTILISATEURS ; .LES CAPACITES ET LES OBJECTIFS DES UTILISATEURS.
Download or read book Diagnostic collectif dans la conduite de processus industriel written by Fabrice Delsart and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 460 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: DANS UNE PERSPECTIVE ERGONOMIQUE, PARTICULIEREMENT POUR ORIENTER LA CONCEPTION D'UN SYSTEME INFORMATIQUE D'AIDE AU DIAGNOSTIC, ON CARACTERISE L'ACTIVITE COOPERATIVE D'OPERATEURS CHARGES DE CONDUIRE UN PROCESSUS INDUSTRIEL (HAUT FOURNEAU). TROIS COMPOSANTES DE LA COOPERATION APPARAISSENT IMPORTANTES, QUI AMELIORENT LA PERFORMANCE ET L'EFFICACITE DU DIAGNOSTIC CHEZ DES DUOS, EN COMPARAISON DES RESULTATS OBTENUS PAR DES SOLOS. IL S'AGIT DES ACTIVITES DE REPARTITION, D'AJUSTEMENT DES REPRESENTATIONS, ET D'UTILISATION DE REPRESENTATIONS CONSTRUITES PAR LE PARTENAIRE. SUR CETTE BASE, DES RECOMMANDATIONS SONT PROPOSEES POUR INTEGRER UNE COOPERATION HOMME-MACHINE DANS LA CONCEPTION DE L'AIDE INFORMATIQUE.
Download or read book Cooperation homme machine dans les systemes a base de connaissances written by Valérie Senges and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Automation Challenges of Socio technical Systems written by Frederic Vanderhaegen and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2019-07-30 with total page 362 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The challenges of automating socio-technical systems are strongly linked to the strengths and limitations of technical and human resources, such as perceptual characteristics, cooperative capacities, job-sharing arrangements, modeling of human behavior and the contribution of innovative design approaches. Automation Challenges of Socio-technical Systems exposes the difficulties in implementing and sustaining symbiosis between humans and machines in both the short and long terms. Furthermore, it presents innovative solutions for achieving such symbiosis, drawing on skills from cognitive sciences, engineering sciences and the social sciences. It is aimed at researchers, academics and engineers in these fields.
Download or read book Humans and Automation written by Thomas B. Sheridan and published by Wiley-Interscience. This book was released on 2002-07-11 with total page 286 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Human factors, also known as human engineering or human factors engineering, is the application of behavioral and biological sciences to the design of machines and human-machine systems. Automation refers to the mechanization and integration of the sensing of environmental variables, data processing and decision making and mechanical action. This book deals with all the issues involved in human-automation systems from design to control and performance of both humans and machines.
Download or read book Your Mindful Compass written by Andrea Maloney Schara and published by . This book was released on 2013-12-01 with total page 318 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Your Mindful Compass" takes us behind the emotional curtain to see the mechanisms regulating individuals in social systems. There is great comfort and wisdom in knowing we can increase our awareness to manage the swift and ancient mechanisms of social control. We can gain greater flexibility by seeing how social controls work in systems from ants to humans. To be less controlled by others, we learn how emotional systems influence our relationship-oriented brain. People want to know what goes on in families that give rise to amazing leaders and/or terrorists. For the first time in history we can understand the systems in which we live. The social sciences have been accumulating knowledge since the early fifties as to how we are regulated by others. S. Milgram, S. Ashe, P. Zimbardo and J. Calhoun, detail the vulnerability to being duped and deceived and the difficulty of cooperating when values differ. Murray Bowen, M.D., the first researcher to observe several live-in families, for up to three years, at the National Institute of Mental Health. Describing how family members overly influence one another and distribute stress unevenly, Bowen described both how symptoms and family leaders emerge in highly stressed families. Our brain is not organized to automatically perceive that each family has an emotional system, fine-tuned by evolution and "valuing" its survival as a whole, as much as the survival of any individual. It is easier to see this emotional system function in ants or mice but not in humans. The emotional system is organized to snooker us humans: encouraging us to take sides, run away from others, to pressure others, to get sick, to blame others, and to have great difficulty in seeing our part in problems. It is hard to see that we become anxious, stressed out and even that we are difficult to deal with. But "thinking systems" can open the doors of perception, allowing us to experience the world in a different way. This book offers both coaching ideas and stories from leaders as to strategies to break out from social control by de-triangling, using paradoxes, reversals and other types of interruptions of highly linked emotional processes. Time is needed to think clearly about the automatic nature of the two against one triangle. Time and experience is required as we learn strategies to put two people together and get self outside the control of the system. In addition, it takes time to clarify and define one's principles, to know what "I" will or will not do and to be able to take a stand with others with whom we are very involved. The good news is that systems' thinking is possible for anyone. It is always possible for an individual to understand feelings and to integrate them with their more rational brains. In so doing, an individual increases his or her ability to communicate despite misunderstandings or even rejection from important others. The effort involved in creating your Mindful Compass enables us to perceive the relationship system without experiencing it's threats. The four points on the Mindful Compass are: 1) Action for Self, 2) Resistance to Forward Progress, 3) Knowledge of Social Systems and the 4) The Ability to Stand Alone. Each gives us a view of the process one enters when making an effort to define a self and build an emotional backbone. It is not easy to find our way through the social jungle. The ability to know emotional systems well enough to take a position for self and to become more differentiated is part of the natural way humans cope with pressure. Now people can use available knowledge to build an emotional backbone, by thoughtfully altering their part in the relationship system. No one knows how far one can go by making an effort to be more of a self-defined individual in relationships to others. Through increasing emotional maturity, we can find greater individual freedom at the same time that we increase our ability to cooperate and to be close to others.
Download or read book Discipline and Punish written by Michel Foucault and published by Vintage. This book was released on 2012-04-18 with total page 354 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A brilliant work from the most influential philosopher since Sartre. In this indispensable work, a brilliant thinker suggests that such vaunted reforms as the abolition of torture and the emergence of the modern penitentiary have merely shifted the focus of punishment from the prisoner's body to his soul.
Download or read book Le Nouvel automatisme written by and published by . This book was released on 1983 with total page 790 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Speed Management written by European Conference of Ministers of Transport and published by OECD Publishing. This book was released on 2006-10-13 with total page 286 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Speeding is the number one road safety problem in a large number of OECD/ECMT countries. It is responsible for around one third of the current, unacceptably high levels of road fatalities. Speeding has an impact not only on accidents but also on the ...
Download or read book The Transformation of the Armed Forces written by Michele Nones and published by Edizioni Nuova Cultura. This book was released on 2012 with total page 176 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Information technology (IT) has had, and will continue to have, a deep impact on the defence sector. The most advanced countries, not only the U.S. but also France, Great Britain and Italy, over the past few years have undergone a transormation of their armed forces aimed at exploiting the strategic advantages of IT. The goal pursued in Europe, and also promoted by NATO, is Network Enabled Capability (NEC). That is combining equipment and soldiers, as well as different doctrinal, procedural, technical and organizational elements, into a single network to obtain their interaction in order to achieve substantial strategic superiority. In practice, this also occurs with a strong, efficient and secure telecommunications network, and through netcentric modernization of armed forces' capability and systems aimed at connecting them to the net. This research paper analyzes the military netcentric modernization and transformation programs - still in progress - in France, Britain and Italy, with special focus on the joint program led by the Italian army called "Forza NEC". Opportunities and challenges of "Forza NEC" have been considered according to the Italian armed force's requirements, developed during two decades of experience in international military operations, as well as in the light of the evolution of strategic doctrine at a European and transatlantic level. Particular attention has been devoted to the interaction between industry and the armed forces, and to the involvement of many Italian companies in different "Forza NEC" activities, as it represents one of the pillars of the procurement program.
Download or read book Mechatronic Systems written by Annalisa Milella and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2010-03-01 with total page 366 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Mechatronics, the synergistic blend of mechanics, electronics, and computer science, has evolved over the past twenty five years, leading to a novel stage of engineering design. By integrating the best design practices with the most advanced technologies, mechatronics aims at realizing high-quality products, guaranteeing at the same time a substantial reduction of time and costs of manufacturing. Mechatronic systems are manifold and range from machine components, motion generators, and power producing machines to more complex devices, such as robotic systems and transportation vehicles. With its twenty chapters, which collect contributions from many researchers worldwide, this book provides an excellent survey of recent work in the field of mechatronics with applications in various fields, like robotics, medical and assistive technology, human-machine interaction, unmanned vehicles, manufacturing, and education. We would like to thank all the authors who have invested a great deal of time to write such interesting chapters, which we are sure will be valuable to the readers. Chapters 1 to 6 deal with applications of mechatronics for the development of robotic systems. Medical and assistive technologies and human-machine interaction systems are the topic of chapters 7 to 13.Chapters 14 and 15 concern mechatronic systems for autonomous vehicles. Chapters 16-19 deal with mechatronics in manufacturing contexts. Chapter 20 concludes the book, describing a method for the installation of mechatronics education in schools.
Download or read book Designing Human machine Cooperation Systems written by Patrick Millot and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2014-07-09 with total page 392 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book, on the ergonomics of human−machine systems, is aimed at engineers specializing in informatics, automation, production or robotics, who are faced with a significant dilemma during the conception of human−machine systems. On the one hand, the human operator guarantees the reliability of the system and has been known to salvage numerous critical situations through an ability to reason in unplanned, imprecise and uncertain situations; on the other hand, the human operator can be unpredictable and create disturbances in the automated system. The first part of the book is dedicated to the methods of human-centered design, from three different points of view, the various chapters focusing on models developed by human engineers and functional models to explain human behavior in their environment, models of cognitive psychology and models in the domain of automobile driving. Part 2 develops the methods of evaluation of the human−machine systems, looking at the evaluation of the activity of the human operator at work and human error analysis methods. Finally, Part 3 is dedicated to human−machine cooperation, where the authors show that a cooperative agent comprises a know-how and a so-called know-how-to-cooperate and show the way to design and evaluate that cooperation in real industrial contexts.
Download or read book Expertise and Technology written by Jean-Michel Hoc and published by Psychology Press. This book was released on 2013-06-17 with total page 307 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Technological development has changed the nature of industrial production so that it is no longer a question of humans working with a machine, but rather that a joint human machine system is performing the task. This development, which started in the 1940s, has become even more pronounced with the proliferation of computers and the invasion of digital technology in all wakes of working life. It may appear that the importance of human work has been reduced compared to what can be achieved by intelligent software systems, but in reality, the opposite is true: the more complex a system, the more vital the human operator's task. The conditions have changed, however, whereas people used to be in control of their own tasks, today they have become supervisors of tasks which are shared between humans and machines. A considerable effort has been devoted to the domain of administrative and clerical work and has led to the establishment of an internationally based human-computer interaction (HCI) community at research and application levels. The HCI community, however, has paid more attention to static environments where the human operator is in complete control of the situation, rather than to dynamic environments where changes may occur independent of human intervention and actions. This book's basic philosophy is the conviction that human operators remain the unchallenged experts even in the worst cases where their working conditions have been impoverished by senseless automation. They maintain this advantage due to their ability to learn and build up a high level of expertise -- a foundation of operational knowledge -- during their work. This expertise must be taken into account in the development of efficient human-machine systems, in the specification of training requirements, and in the identification of needs for specific computer support to human actions. Supporting this philosophy, this volume *deals with the main features of cognition in dynamic environments, combining issues coming from empirical approaches of human cognition and cognitive simulation, *addresses the question of the development of competence and expertise, and *proposes ways to take up the main challenge in this domain -- the design of an actual cooperation between human experts and computers of the next century.
Download or read book Informatics in Control Automation and Robotics written by Juan Andrade Cetto and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-03-15 with total page 346 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The present book includes a set of selected papers from the fourth “International Conference on Informatics in Control Automation and Robotics” (ICINCO 2009), held in Milan, Italy, from 2 to 5 July 2009. The conference was organized in three simultaneous tracks: “Intelligent Control Systems and Optimization”, “Robotics and Automation” and “Systems Modeling, Signal Processing and Control”. The book is based on the same structure. ICINCO received 365 paper submissions, not including those of workshops, from 55 countries, in all continents. After a double blind paper review performed by the Program Committee only 34 submissions were accepted as full papers and thus selected for oral presentation, leading to a full paper acceptance ratio of 9%. Additional papers were accepted as short papers and posters. A further refinement was made after the conference, based also on the assessment of presentation quality, so that this book includes the extended and revised versions of the very best papers of ICINCO 2009. Commitment to high quality standards is a major concern of ICINCO that will be maintained in the next editions of this conference, including not only the stringent paper acceptance ratios but also the quality of the program committee, keynote lectures, workshops and logistics.
Download or read book Conscripts and Deserters written by Alan I. Forrest and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 1989 with total page 305 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Between the outbreak of war with Austria in 1792 and Napoleon's final debacle in 1814, France remained almost continously at war, recruiting in the process some two to three million frenchmen--a level of recruitment unknown to previous generations and widely resented as an attack on the liberties of rural communities. Forrest challenges the notion of a nation heroically rushing to arms by examining the massive rates of desertion and avoidance of service as well as their consequences on French society--on military campaigns and the morale of armies, on political opinion at home, on the social fabric of local villages, and on the Napoleonic dream of bringing about a coherent and centralized state.
Download or read book Europe written by J. Berting and published by Eburon Uitgeverij B.V.. This book was released on 2006 with total page 238 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Modern Europe is a patchwork quilt in which a diverse array of national cultures have been pieced into one community. In Europe: A Heritage, a Challenge, a Promise, Jan Berting reckons with a continent at a turning point in its history, arguing that Europe must balance its urge to modernize with a respect for its shared legacy. As Europe struggles with the tension between its past and its future, Berting pinpoints challenges to modernization and proposes intriguing solutions. He addresses topics as varied as the rise of Islam, political liberalism, and individual freedoms in this comprehensive volume sure to interest all those invested in the future of Europe.
