Download or read book Cytokines and Cytokine receptors in the Pathogenesis of Alcoholic Hepatitis written by Silvia Affò and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 201 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: By performing a translational study we identified a specific pattern of genes differentially regulated in patients with severe alcoholic hepatitis (AH). A functional analysis of the gene expression profile showed several pathways deregulated in AH, including cytokines- cytokine receptor interaction. Within cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction pathway, Fn14 has been identified as the only receptor belonging to TNF superfamily to be exclusively up-regulated in patients with AH, and its expression has been shown to be associated with severity of the disease and mortality. We observed that Fn14 is upregulated in experimental models of progenitor cell expansion and co-expressed with Ep-CAM in livers of patients with AH, suggesting that Fn14 may regulate ductular reaction expansion. Moreover, we showed that Fn14 hepatic expression is regulated by ethanol and pro-fibrogenic factors, suggesting that alcohol abuse together with fibrogenic mediators may be directly responsible for the induction of Fn14 expression in ALD. Furthermore, transcriptome analysis identified CCL20 as the most up-regulated cytokine in the liver of patients with AH. Hepatic expression and serum levels of CCL20 have been found elevated in patients with AH and have been showed to be associated with key clinical features of the disease such as fibrosis, endotoxemia and short-term mortality. These data suggest that besides playing a role in AH pathogenesis, CCL20 may also be considered as a potential non-invasive biomarker. We found that CCL20 hepatic expression is up-regulated in acute, chronic and acute-on chronic experimental model of liver injury induced by carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and their combination, respectively. Macrophages and hepatic stellate cells have been identified as the main CCL20 producing cell types in experimental models of acute-on-chronic liver injury. Moreover, we have showed that CCL20 exerts pro-fibrogenic and pro-inflammatory and effects on primary human hepatic stellate cells and on macrophages, suggesting that CCL20 may participate in both hepatic fibrosis and inflammation during liver disease in an autocrine and paracrine manner. Finally, we have found that CCL20 mediates LPS-induced liver injury by promoting hepatocellular apoptosis, expression of pro-inflammatory and pro-fibrogenic mediators and by enhancing macrophages and neutrophils infiltrate recruitment. In conclusion, during this thesis we performed two studies leading to the identification of new potential targets for therapy in AH. The identification of Fn14 and CCL20 as new potential targets for therapy in AH and their correlations with key hallmarks of the disease such as ethanol consumption, fibrosis, progenitor cells expansion and endotoxemia underline the complexity of this disease and the crosstalk between many mediators that occurs in AH. The data presented in this thesis suggest that cytokines and cytokine-receptor pathway could represent a new potential target for therapy in ALD; and also provide new important insights and a useful resource for the study of the pathogenesis of this disease.
Download or read book Alcoholic and Non Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease written by Naga Chalasani and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-12-10 with total page 378 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume is the first text to concisely yet comprehensively cover developments for both alcoholic and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in an organized fashion. Aspects of these two diseases covered in the book include global epidemiology and risk factors, pathogenesis, animal models, hepatic and extra-hepatic malignancies, treatment models, and current and emerging therapies. Written by experts in the field, Alcoholic and Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: Bench to Bedside is a valuable resource for gastroenterologists, pathologists, and hepatologists who treat patients with alcoholic and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.
Download or read book Liver Immunology written by M. Eric Gershwin and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-11-19 with total page 482 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Liver Immunology: Principles and Practice, Second Edition begins with important information about the epidemiology and mortality of liver disease worldwide. This information is followed by chapters related to basic immunology, application of liver immunology for diagnosis, and several excellent chapters that provide a solid foundation for understanding immune-mediated liver disease, including those associated with the biliary tree. A chapter on non-hepatic manifestations of immune mediated liver disease helps provide context for how these diseases affect the patient overall. In addition, chapters discuss various discrete immunologically-mediated infectious liver disorders including those related to bacteria, parasites, and all of the classic viruses. Chapters on the traditional autoimmune liver diseases -- primary biliary cirrhosis, autoimmune hepatitis, primary sclerosing cholangitis as well as overlap syndrome – are also included. The breadth of this comprehensive second edition is highlighted by chapters on alcoholic liver disease, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, and drug-induced liver disease, among others. This invaluable new edition ends with a forward-looking view of future directions and how the field might meet the challenge of refractory patients. Developed by a renowned group of authors, Liver Immunology: Principles and Practice, Second Edition will again serve as a comprehensive textbook by providing an excellent overview for this rapidly evolving field. It greatly adds to the understanding of the pathogenesis of these diseases, while also providing novel insights that can be harnessed into helping improve the care of patients afflicted with various immune-mediated diseases. This volume will again be a must-read for clinicians at all levels, investigators and students.
Download or read book Cytokines and Cytokine Receptors written by Giorgio Trinchieri and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 308 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Lipids in Health and Disease written by Peter Quinn and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-08-27 with total page 603 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Lipids are functionally versatile molecules. They have evolved from relatively simple hydrocarbons that serve as depot storages of metabolites and barriers to the permeation of solutes into complex compounds that perform a variety of signalling functions in higher organisms. This volume is devoted to the polar lipids and their constituents. We have omitted the neutral lipids like fats and oils because their function is generally to act as deposits of metabolizable substrates. The sterols are also outside the scope of the present volume and the reader is referred to volume 28 of this series which is the subject of cholesterol. The polar lipids are comprised of fatty acids attached to either glycerol or sphingosine. The fatty acids themselves constitute an important reservoir of substrates for conversion into families of signalling and modulating molecules including the eicosanoids amongst which are the prostaglandins, thromboxanes and leucotrienes. The way fatty acid metabolism is regulated in the liver and how fatty acids are desaturated are subjects considered in the first part of this volume. This section also deals with the modulation of protein function and inflammation by unsaturated fatty acids and their derivatives. New insights into the role of fatty acid synthesis and eicosenoid function in tumour progression and metastasis are presented.
Download or read book Biomarkers in Liver Disease written by Victor R. Preedy and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-07-14 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the past decade there has been a major sea change in the way disease is diagnosed and investigated due to the advent of high throughput technologies, such as microarrays, lab on a chip, proteomics, genomics, lipomics, metabolomics etc. These advances have enabled the discovery of new and novel markers of disease relating to autoimmune disorders, cancers, endocrine diseases, genetic disorders, sensory damage, intestinal diseases etc. In many instances these developments have gone hand in hand with the discovery of biomarkers elucidated via traditional or conventional methods, such as histopathology or clinical biochemistry. Together with microprocessor-based data analysis, advanced statistics and bioinformatics these markers have been used to identify individuals with active disease or pathology as well as those who are refractory or have distinguishing pathologies. New analytical methods that have been used to identify markers of disease and is suggested that there may be as many as 40 different platforms. Unfortunately techniques and methods have not been readily transferable to other disease states and sometimes diagnosis still relies on single analytes rather than a cohort of markers. There is thus a demand for a comprehensive and focused evidenced-based text and scientific literature that addresses these issues. Hence the formulation of Biomarkers in Disease The series covers a wide number of areas including for example, nutrition, cancer, endocrinology, cardiology, addictions, immunology, birth defects, genetics, and so on. The chapters are written by national or international experts and specialists.
Download or read book Liver Disease in Children written by Frederick J. Suchy and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2021-03-18 with total page 875 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Liver disease in children is increasing in prevalence, placing a huge burden on healthcare systems and often requiring long-term management. Offering an integrative approach to the science and clinical practice of pediatric hepatology, this is the definitive reference text for improved diagnosis and treatment strategies. In the new edition of this authoritative text, chapters have been thoroughly revised in line with major advances in the field, such as recognizing the increased frequency of fatty liver disease, and how genetic testing has the potential to establish earlier diagnoses for a variety of diseases. Disorders covered include cholestasis, metabolic disorders and hepatitis, with their presentation across the spectrum of infancy, childhood and adolescence discussed. The indications and surgical aspects of liver transplant are explained and post-transplant care is described in detail. This is a valuable resource for pediatricians, hepatologists, gastroenterologists and all clinicians involved in the care of children with liver diseases.
Download or read book Helping Patients who Drink Too Much written by and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 38 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Third Component of Complement written by John D. Lambris and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-03-12 with total page 254 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The third component of complement, C3, is one of the most versatile proteins and an important participant in immune surveillance and immune response pathways. Its multifunctio nality is based on its ability to interact specifically with multiple serum complement proteins, cell surface receptors, and mem brant;-associated regulatory proteins. One of its most intriguing strategies of interaction with cell surfaces is the covalent binding of activated C3 through the internal thioester. The field has expanded over the past 10 years and a wealth of information has accumulated. C3 from various species and many of the human C3 binding proteins have been cloned and expressed. Numerous cellular responses mediated by the diffe rent fragments of C3 have been described. The findings that C3 interacts in a ligand-receptor-like fashion with proteins of nonself origin such as the gC of herpes simplex virus, a 70-kDa protein from Candida albicans, proteins from Epstein-Barr virus, etc. has opened a new field of investigation. The papers assembled in this volume summarize the wealth of data on the various aspects of the C3 interactions; together they bring to the reader new information on the chemistry, molecular gene tics, biology, and pathophysiology of C3 and C3-binding proteins. Emphasis is given to structural features as they relate to functions. Spring 1989 JOHN D. LAMBRIS, HANS J. MULLER-EBERHARD Table of Contents J. E. VOLANAKIS: Participation of C3 and Its Ligands in Complement Activation . . . . . . . . . . . 1 S. R. BARNUM, G. FEY, and B. F. TACK: Biosynthesis and Genetics of C3 . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Download or read book Alcohol and the Gastrointestinal Tract written by Manfred V. Singer and published by Karger Medical and Scientific Publishers. This book was released on 2006 with total page 271 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Alcohol-related disorders account for an enormous part of the global mortality and morbidity, with most patients being treated in gastroenterology. For this book, a team of internationally renowned experts has contributed state-of-the-art reviews on alcohol-related epidemiology, diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, liver and pancreas as well as the question of how to guide alcoholics psychologically. The first paper evaluates epidemiological data on the impact of alcohol consumption on total morbidity and mortality. This is followed by a critical appraisal of the effect of moderate drinking on the risk and pathophysiological mechanisms of gastrointestinal diseases and of certain health benefits of moderate alcohol consumption. An assessment of available animal models to explain the latest findings in basic alcohol research is followed by a discussion of the effects of alcohol on the various parts of the gastrointestinal system, with special emphasis on the pancreas and liver. Reviews of the well-known association between alcohol consumption and increased risk of cancer and a discussion on how best to care for alcoholics in view of the presented research advances conclude this volume. For those interested in alcohol-related epidemiology, molecular mechanisms, pathophysiology, clinical aspects and the treatment of alcohol-induced diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, liver and pancreas, this publication contains a wealth of information.
Download or read book Cancer and Autoimmunity written by M.E. Gershwin and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2000-03-27 with total page 467 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Of the two disciplines in parallel development for two decades, tumor immunology and transplantation immunology, the latter has thrived and has led to some of the most critical discoveries in immunobiology. The former continues to thwart both scientists and clinicians alike.The goal of immunologists in modern day research is to develop a simple and effective means to manipulate cancer in vivo, possibly encompassing several venues: identifying a phenotypic marker and the use of either active or passive immunization; include the use of passive reagents carrying "warheads" to selectively destroy cancer cells; or altering the basic process of cell survival.This excellent multidiscipline-authored volume presents a theme which has not been well described before. The papers include both basic and clinical science and range from sophisticated molecular biology to little more than phenomenology (e.g. the increased association of cancer in some autoimmune diseases and increased presentation of autoimmune phenomena in malignant condition). This, however, is state-of-the-art.This collection of themes will be of use not only to bench scientists, but also to clinicians who treat patients. The book represents progress at the cutting edge of this discipline, and points the way to further developments in the "black box" of immunology.
Download or read book Textbook of Hepatology written by Juan Rodés and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2008-04-15 with total page 2360 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: THE encyclopedic guide to hepatology – for consultation by clinicians and basic scientists Previously the Oxford Textbook of Clinical Hepatology, this two-volume textbook is now with Blackwell Publishing. It covers basic, clinical and translational science (converting basic science discoveries into the practical applications to benefit people). Edited by ten leading experts in the liver and biliary tract and their diseases, along with outstanding contributions from over 200 international clinicians, this text has global references, evidence and extensive subject matter – giving you the best science and clinical practice discussed by the best authors. It includes unique sections on: Symptoms and signs in liver disease Industrial diseases affecting the liver The effects of diseases of other systems on the liver The effects of liver diseases on other systems It's bigger and more extensive than other books and discusses new areas in more depth such as stem cells, genetics, genomics, proteomics, transplantation, mathematics and much more. Plus, it comes with a fully searchable CD ROM of the entire content. Click here to view a sample chapter on the liver and coagulation
Download or read book Biology of Myelomonocytic Cells written by Anirban Ghosh and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2017-05-10 with total page 174 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Myelomonocytes are the multipotent cells in the stage of blood cell differentiation, which mainly comprise blood monocytes, tissue macrophages and subset of dendritic cells. Actually, their position and ability of judgement of the health of tissue or organ environment are the key initiators of tissue-specific immune response in a local and global fashion. Interestingly, the morpho-functional aspects of this group of cells vary to a wide range with their positional diversity. Their ability to communicate or represent the tissue microenvironment to the peripheral immune system and efficiency to engage the system to effector activation hold the key for a successful immune endeavour. The present volume shows some glimpses of such an extensive area of current immunology research.
Download or read book Liver Pathophysiology written by Pablo Muriel and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2017-03-02 with total page 917 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Liver Pathophysiology: Therapies and Antioxidants is a complete volume on morphology, physiology, biochemistry, molecular biology and treatment of liver diseases. It uses an integral approach towards the role of free radicals in the pathogenesis of hepatic injury, and how their deleterious effects may be abrogated by the use of antioxidants. Written by the most prominent authors in the field, this book will be of use to basic and clinical scientists and clinicians working in the biological sciences, especially those dedicated to the study and treatment of liver pathologies. Presents the most recent advances in hepatology, with a special focus on the role of oxidative stress in liver injury. Provides in vivo and in vitro models to study human liver pathology. Explains the beneficial effects of antioxidants on liver diseases. Contains the most recent and modern treatments of hepatic pathologies, including, but not limited to, stem cells repopulation, gene therapy and liver transplantation.
Download or read book Airway Mucus Basic Mechanisms and Clinical Perspectives written by D.F. Rogers and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 1997-09-23 with total page 408 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Conceptually unsavoury, airway mucus is vital to homeostasis in the respiratory tract. In contrast, when abnormal, mucus contributes significantly to the pathophysiology of a number of severe bronchial diseases, including asthma, chronic bronchitis and cystic fibrosis. This volume provides wide ranging and in-depth coverage of the scientific and clinical aspects of airway mucus. It commences with introductory chapters which address the biochemical and molecular biological basis of airway mucus and continues with comprehensive coverage of the various physiological and rheological aspects of respiratory secretions. The clinical aspects of the topic are then considered, with chapters discussing the involvement of mucus secretions in bacterial infection and in hypersecretory diseases of the airway. The volume concludes with a discussion of the therapeutic aspects of the topic, both in terms of the possible approaches to the treatment of mucus hypersecretion and the interaction of these drugs with airway mucus. Written by leading experts in the field, each contribution provides a comprehensive review of its particular subject. Reflecting the latest advances in this important area of respiratory research, this volume will be of great interest to scientists and clinicians working in the field of airway secretions and related areas.
Download or read book Inflammation Oxidative Stress and Cancer written by Ah-Ng Tony Kong and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2016-04-19 with total page 631 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Increasing scientific evidence suggests that the majority of diseases including cancer are driven by oxidative stress and inflammation, attributed to environmental factors. These factors either drive genetic mutations or epigenetically modify expression of key regulatory genes. These changes can occur as early as gestational fetal development, and
Download or read book Alcohol Research Health written by and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 168 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
