Download or read book Cytogenomics Structural Organization and Evolution of Genomes written by Ricardo Utsunomia and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2022-07-04 with total page 157 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Structural and Evolutionary Genomics written by Giorgio Bernardi and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2005-12-19 with total page 459 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Structural genomics is the study of the DNA of living organisms. Evolutionary genomics is the study of the history of the genome. These subjects are closely interlinked. They are approached in this book using as a guideline the investigations carried out in the author's laboratory, relevant literature is critically reviewed and some general conclusions are presented. The author and his collaborators have studied a vast number of genomes, ranging from prokaryotes to human, using different approaches, including physical chemistry of DNA, viral integration and molecular cytogenetics. As the subtitle indicates the book discusses the fundamental importance of natural selection in shaping genomes. In terms of numbers, neutral and nearly neutral mutations represent most mutations, but a "regional" control is exerted by natural selection (essentially negative or purifying selection). A "neo-selectionist" model is proposed for genome evolution. · Summarizes the existing knowledge on genome organization and evolution in a self-contained book · Discusses important open problem, without refraining from criticism whenever appropriate
Download or read book Cytogenetics written by Marcelo L. Larramendy and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2019-05-10 with total page 174 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cytogenetics - Past, Present, and Further Perspectives discusses events that influenced the development of cytogenetics as a specialty within biology, with special attention paid to methodological achievements developed worldwide that have driven the field forward. Improvements to the resolution of chromosome analysis followed closely the introduction of innovative analytical technologies. In that sense, this book reviews and provides a brief account of the structure of chromosomes and stresses the high structural conservation in different species with an emphasis on aspects that require further research. However, it should be kept in mind that the future of cytogenetics will likely depend on improved knowledge of chromosome structure and function.
Download or read book Cytogenomics written by Thomas Liehr and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2021-05-25 with total page 430 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cytogenomics demonstrates that chromosomes are crucial in understanding the human genome and that new high-throughput approaches are central to advancing cytogenetics in the 21st century. After an introduction to (molecular) cytogenetics, being the basic of all cytogenomic research, this book highlights the strengths and newfound advantages of cytogenomic research methods and technologies, enabling researchers to jump-start their own projects and more effectively gather and interpret chromosomal data. Methods discussed include banding and molecular cytogenetics, molecular combing, molecular karyotyping, next-generation sequencing, epigenetic study approaches, optical mapping/karyomapping, and CRISPR-cas9 applications for cytogenomics. The book’s second half demonstrates recent applications of cytogenomic techniques, such as characterizing 3D chromosome structure across different tissue types and insights into multilayer organization of chromosomes, role of repetitive elements and noncoding RNAs in human genome, studies in topologically associated domains, interchromosomal interactions, and chromoanagenesis. This book is an important reference source for researchers, students, basic and translational scientists, and clinicians in the areas of human genetics, genomics, reproductive medicine, gynecology, obstetrics, internal medicine, oncology, bioinformatics, medical genetics, and prenatal testing, as well as genetic counselors, clinical laboratory geneticists, bioethicists, and fertility specialists. Offers applied approaches empowering a new generation of cytogenomic research using a balanced combination of classical and advanced technologies Provides a framework for interpreting chromosome structure and how this affects the functioning of the genome in health and disease Features chapter contributions from international leaders in the field
Download or read book Plant Cytogenetics written by Hank Bass and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-12-02 with total page 346 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This reference book provides information on plant cytogenetics for students, instructors, and researchers. Topics covered by international experts include classical cytogenetics of plant genomes; plant chromosome structure; functional, molecular cytology; and genome dynamics. In addition, chapters are included on several methods in plant cytogenetics, informatics, and even laboratory exercises for aspiring or practiced instructors. The book provides a unique combination of historical and modern subject matter, revealing the central role of plant cytogenetics in plant genetics and genomics as currently practiced. This breadth of coverage, together with the inclusion of methods and instruction, is intended to convey a deep and useful appreciation for plant cytogenetics. We hope it will inform and inspire students, researchers, and teachers to continue to employ plant cytogenetics to address fundamental questions about the cytology of plant chromosomes and genomes for years to come. Hank W. Bass is a Professor in the Department of Biological Science at Florida State University. James A. Birchler is a Professor in the Division of Biological Sciences at the University of Missouri.
Download or read book Chromosome Structure and Aberrations written by Tariq Ahmad Bhat and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-02-08 with total page 377 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is a compilation of various chapters contributed by a group of leading researchers from different countries and covering up to date information based on published reports and personal experience of authors in the field of cytogenetics. Beginning with the introduction of chromosome, the subsequent chapters on organization of genetic material, karyotype evolution, structural and numerical variations in chromosomes, B-chromosomes and chromosomal aberrations provide an in-depth knowledge and easy understanding of the subject matter. A special feature of the book is the inclusion of a series of chapters on various types of chromosomal aberrations and their impact on breeding behaviour and crop improvement. The possible mechanism, their consequences and role in genetic analysis has been emphasized in these chapters. A few chapters have also been dedicated on various techniques routinely used in the laboratory by students and researchers. Each chapter ends with an extensive bibliography so that the students and researchers may find it relevant to consult more literature on the subject than a book of this size can offer. The book is intended to fulfill the needs of undergraduate and post graduate students of botany, zoology and agriculture besides, teachers and researchers engaged in the field of genetics, cytogenetics, and molecular genetics. In general the readers will find each chapter of the book informative and easy to understand.
Download or read book Genome Evolution written by Gabriel A. Dover and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 1982 with total page 410 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Eukaryote Genome in Development and Evolution written by John Bernard and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 432 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: 'The mind unlearns with difficulty what has long been impressed upon it. ' Seneca Reductionism, is, without question, the most successful analytical approach available to the experimental scientist. With the advent of techniques for cloning and sequencing DNA, and the development of a variety of molecular probes for localizing macromolecules in cells and tissues, the biologist now has available the most powerful reductionist tools ever invented. The application of these new technologies has led to a veritable explosion of facts regarding the types and organization of nucleotide sequences present in the genomes of eukaryotes. These data offer a level of precision and predictability which is unparalleled in biology. Recombinant DNA techniques were initially developed to gather information about the structure and organization of the DNA sequences within a genome. The power and potential of these techniques, however, extend far beyond simple data collection of this kind. In an attempt to use the new technology as a basis for analyzing development and evolution, attention was first focused on the topic of gene regulation, an approach that had proven so successful in prokaryotes. It is now clear that this has not been an adequate approach. Lewin (1984) has quoted Brenner as stating 'at the beginning it was said that the answer to the understanding of development was going to come from a knowledge of the molecular mechanisms of gene control. I doubt whether anyone believes this any more.
Download or read book Advances in Molecular Cytogenetics written by Clayton Fisher and published by Foster Academics. This book was released on 2019-06-03 with total page 255 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The field of molecular cytogenetics is concerned with the combination of the fields of cytogenetics and molecular biology, to distinguish normal cells from cancer-causing cells. It is a useful tool for the diagnosis and treatment of malignancies of the brain, blood, etc. Novel techniques known as fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) are used for molecular cytogenetic studies. These have DNA labeled with uniquely colored fluorescent tags to image specific regions of the genome. Molecular cytogenetic techniques are crucial for the understanding of the structural and functional organization of the nucleus and the chromosome, genome variation, gene expression and evolution. These also give insight into the contribution of genomic variations and chromosomal abnormalities to tumor genetics and medical genetics. This book is a compilation of chapters that discuss the most vital concepts and emerging trends in the field of molecular cytogenetics. It is an upcoming field of science that has undergone rapid development over the past few decades. Students, researchers, experts and all associated with this field will benefit alike from this book.
Download or read book The Rye Genome written by M. Timothy Rabanus-Wallace and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-10-25 with total page 251 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book celebrates the dawn of the rye genomics era with concise, comprehensive, and accessible reviews on the current state of rye genomic research, written by experts in the field for students, researchers and growers. To most, rye is the key ingredient in a flavoursome bread or their favourite American whisky. To a farmer, rye is the remarkable grain that tolerates the harshest winters and the most unforgiving soils, befitting its legacy as the life-giving seed that fed the ancient civilisations of northern Eurasia. Since the mid-1900s, scientists have employed genetic approaches to better understand and utilize rye, but only since the technological advances of the mid-2010s has the possibility of addressing questions using rye genome assemblies become a reality. Alongside the secret of its unique survival abilities, rye genomics has accelerated research on a host of intriguing topics such as the complex history of rye’s domestication by humans, the nature of genes that switch fertility on and off, the function and origin of accessory chromosomes, and the evolution of selfish DNA.
Download or read book Cytogenetics Evolution and Biostatistics written by RS Shukla | PS Chandel and published by S. Chand Publishing. This book was released on 2010 with total page 496 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: For Degree level Students
Download or read book Genes and Genomes written by R.S. Verma and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 1998-06-03 with total page 281 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The laws of inheritance were considered quite superficial until 1903, when the chromosome theory of heredity was established by Sutton and Boveri. The discovery of the double helix and the genetic code led to our understanding of gene structure and function. For the past quarter of a century, remarkable progress has been made in the characterization of the human genome in order to search for coherent views of genes. The unit of inheritance termed factor or gene, once upon a time thought to be a trivial an imaginary entity, is now perceived clearly as the precise unit of inheritance that has continually deluged us with amazement by its complex identity and behaviour, sometimes bypassing the university of Mendel's law. The aim of the fifth volume, entitled Genes and Genomes, is to cover the topics ranging from the structure of DNA itself to the structure of the complete genome, along with everything in between, encompassing 12 chapters. These chapters relate much of the information accumulated on the role of DNA in the organization of genes and genomes per se. Several distinguished scientists, all pre-eminent authorities in each field to share their expertise. Obviously, since the historical report on the double helix configuration in 1953, voluminous reports on the meteoric advances in genetics have been accumulated, and to cover every account in a single volume format would be a Herculean task. Therefore, only a few topics are chosen, which are of great interest to molecular geneticists. This volume is intended for advanced graduate students who would wish to keep abreast with the most recent trends in genome biology.
Download or read book Molecular Cytogenetics of Fishes written by Marcelo B. Cioffi and published by S. Karger AG (Switzerland). This book was released on 2013 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fish exhibit the greatest diversity of all vertebrates, making this group extremely attractive for the study of a number of evolutionary questions. Besides, fish genomes have intrinsic characteristics that may be responsible for this amazing diversity, but little is known about their structure and organization. Major advances in chromosomal studies were achieved in the current 'molecular cytogenetic era' based on detecting DNA sequences on chromosomes, parts of chromosomes or even whole genomic DNA by fluorescence in situ hybridization. In this issue, a collection of review articles is presented together with current research results, demonstrating the advances made using this specific methodology in fish research. The contributions provide a timely update on recent developments in fish molecular cytogenetics, covering topics such as karyotype evolution, sex and B chromosomes, polyploids, and molecular evolution. Researchers, teachers, and students interested in the structural features and evolutionary dynamics of fish genomes will find this publication a valuable source of current knowledge.
Download or read book Plant Cytogenetics written by M. J. Puertas and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 407 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cytogenetics and Genomics, Physical Mapping: Microdissection and microcloning of plant chromosomes; Organization and evolution of highly repeated satellite DNA sequencesin plant chromosomes; Unraveling the genome structure of polyploids using FISH and GISH; examples of sugarcane and banana; Diversity of a major repetitive DNA sequence in diploid and polyploidTriticeae; Variability of the chromosomal distribution of Ty3-gypsy retrotransposons in the populations of two wild Triticeae species; Nuclear genome size and genomic distribution of ribosomal DNA in Musa and Ensete (Musaceae): taxonomic implications Cytogenetics and Genomics, Physical Mapping: Microdissection and microcloning of plant chromosomes; Organization and evolution of highly repeated satellite DNA sequences in plant chromosomes; Unraveling the genome structure of polyploids using FISH and GISH - examples of sugarcane and banana; Diversity of a major repetitive DNA sequence in diploid and polyploid Triticeae; Variability of the chromosomal distribution of Ty3-gypsy etrotransposons in the populations of two wild Triticeae species; Nuclear genome size and genomic distribution of ribosomal DNA in Musa and Ensete (Musaceae): taxonomic implications; Long-range organization of plant satellite repeats investigated using strand-specifi c FISH; Cytogenetic mapping in maize; 3D Analysis of chromosome architecture: advantages and limitations with SEM; High-resolution physical mapping of the secalin-1 locus of rye on extended DNA fi bers; Recent development of image analysis methods in plant chromosome research. Nuclear and Chromosome Organization: McClintock's controlling elements: the full story; Ribosomal DNA heterochromatin in plants; The positioning of rye homologous chromosomes added to wheat through the cell cycle in somatic cells untreated and treated with colchicine; Movement ability of rye terminal neocentromeres; The simple ultrastructure of the maize kinetochore fi ts a two-domain model; Molecular analysis of holocentric centromeres of Luzula species; The controversial telomeres of lily plants; Novel phosphorylation of histone H3 at threonine 11 that temporally correlates with condensation of mitotic and meiotic chromosomes in plant cells; Minichromosomes derived from the B chromosome of maize; Differentiating plant cells switched to proliferation remodel the functional organization of nuclear domains; Chromosome organization in wheat endosperm and embryo. Cell Division, Mitosis and Meiosis: A strategy to investigate the plant meiotic proteome; Plant chromosome homology: hypotheses relating rendezvous, recognition and reciprocal exchange; Recombination nodules in plants; Understanding the cytological diploidization mechanism of polyploid wild wheats; Synaptic behaviour of hexaploid wheat haploids with different effectiveness of the diploidizing mechanism; Meiotic mutations in rye Secale cereale L.; Strategies for the study of meiosis in rye; Centromere-specifi c repetitive sequences from Torenia, a model plant for interspecific fertilization, and whole-mount FISH of its interspecifi c hybrid embryos; Genome evolution of allopolyploids: a process of cytological and genetic diploidization; Allopolyploidy - a shaping force in the evolution of wheat genomes; The genome organization and diversifi cation of maize and its allied species revisited: evidences from classical and FISH-GISH cytogenetic analysis; Architecture and evolution of dinofl agellate chromosomes: an enigmatic origin; The relationships among lemons, limes and citron: a chromosomal comparison; Biogeographic distribution of polyploidy and B chromosomes in the apomictic Boechera holboellii complex; Robertsonian translocations in wheat arise by centric misdivision of univalents at anaphase I and rejoining of broken centromeres during interkinesis of meiosis II; Molecular cytogenetics and tandem repeat sequence evolution in the allopolyploid Nicotiana rustica compared with diploid progenitors N. paniculata and N. undulata; Identification of individual chromosomes and parental genomes in Brassica juncea using GISH and FISH. Cytogenetics and Plant Breeding: Wheat cytogenetics in the genomics era and its relevance to breeding; Recent developments in durum wheat chromosome engineering; Production of alien chromosome additions and their utility in plant genetics; Recent progress in barley improvement using wild species of Hordeum; Detection of alien chromatin introgression from Thinopyrum into wheat using S genomic DNA as a probe - A landmark approach for Thinopyrumgenome research; Characterization of derivatives from wheat-Thinopyrum wide crosses; Development and characterization of potato-Solanum brevidens chromosomal addition/substitution lines; Limitations of in situ hybridization with total genomic DNA in routine screening for alien introgressions in wheat; Cytogenetics of Hordeum chilense: current status and considerations with reference to breeding; Cytogenetics of Triticum x Dasypyrum hybrids and derived lines; A decade of 'chromosome painting' in Lolium and Festuca; Central cell nuclear-cytoplasmic incongruity: a mechanism for segregation distortion in advanced backcross and selfed generations of (Allium cepa L. x Allium fi stulosum L.) x A. cepa interspecifi c hybrid derivatives.
Download or read book Genome and Chromatin Organization Evolution Function written by W. Nagl and published by Springer. This book was released on 1979-10-31 with total page 298 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: At a round table discussion on the eukaryotic chromosome sponsor ed by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft in Diisseldorf, February 1978, the botanists among the participants felt that plant systems were under-represented. In this unsatisfactory situation, Professor V. HEMLEBEN, Tiibingen, suggested another meeting to discuss actual problems and results concerning botanical chromosome research. Professor W. NAGL was willing to organize a symposium at the University of Kaiserslautern, and Professor F. EHRENDoRFER, Wien, contacted the Rpringer-Verlag, Vienna-New York, to explore the possibility of publishing the results of this symposium in the form of a supplement volume to the journal Plant Systematics and Evol7ttion. The conference took place on 13-15 October 1978 in the Department of Biology of the University of Kaiserslautern and was attended by 40 participants from 11 universities between Hamburg and Vienna. Emphasis of this Chromosome Symposium was given to three aspects, which do not attract major interest at large international congresses: 1. Discussion and Demonstration of technical details which cannot be found in published papers (so-called tricks). 2. Orientation about actual trends and results in our understanding of the organization, evolution, and function of the plant genome at the level of the DNA (gene), the level of chromatin, and the level of the karyotype. 3. Presentation of hypotheses and models which may be stimulating for further research. Moreover, younger students should have the possibility to present their results and to discuss them with more experienced scientists.
Download or read book Plant Cytogenetics written by Maria J. Puertas and published by S. Karger AG (Switzerland). This book was released on 2005 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Plants have played a significant role in the discovery of inheritance principles and many biological phenomena, such as the chromosomal basis of inheritance, the genome dynamics conferred by transposable elements, or the evolutionary implications of chromosomal mutations. While the molecular basis of gene structure and function has been widely studied, many aspects of chromosome structure, its functional significance and evolutionary implications remain to be established. This special issue of Cytogenetic and Genome Research presents an excellent compilation of current research in a wide range of cultivated and wild plant species. The contributions, reviews as well as original articles by experts in the field, reflect representative aspects of nuclear and chromosome organization, behavior in somatic and germ cells, evolution, and manipulation in breeding programs. It is an excellent source of information for investigators and students in plant genetics, plant biology and agronomy.
Download or read book Plant Cytogenetics written by David Moresby Moore and published by Chapman & Hall. This book was released on 1976 with total page 72 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The beginnings of cytogenetics; Chromosome structure; Chromosome division and behaviour; Chromosome changes structure , number; Chromosomes and plant evolution; Suggestions for further reading.
