Download or read book Cytochromes c written by Geoffrey R. Moore and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 488 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cytochromes c are haemoproteins which carry out electron transfer in a wide variety of biological systems, necessitating different kinds of cytochrome c to fulfill different biological roles. The evolutionary relationship between cytochromes c and their host organisms are described, as well as their structural, spectroscopic and redox properties, including both electron-transfer rates and redox potentials. The treatment is aimed at the non-specialist so that both the techniques described and their application to cytochromes c can be understood. All classes of cytochrome c are dealt with to provide a comprehensive account of the field. No other text provides such a broad survey. Similar to the earlier volume "Cytochromes c: Biological Aspects" which deals with the classification, biosynthesis and biological role of cytochromes c, the present book is aimed at research workers and advanced students.
Download or read book Cytochrome P450 written by Paul R. Ortiz de Montellano and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-02-05 with total page 702 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cytochrome P450: Structure, Mechanism, and Biochemistry, third edition is a revision of a review that summarizes the current state of research in the field of drug metabolism. The emphasis is on structure, mechanism, biochemistry, and regulation. Coverage is interdisciplinary, ranging from bioinorganic chemistry of cytochrome P450 to its relevance in human medicine. Each chapter provides an in-depth review of a given topic, but concentrates on advances of the last 10 years.
Download or read book Cytochrome P 450 written by Paul Ortiz De Monetllano and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 1986-03 with total page 572 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Major advances have been made in recent years in clarifying the molecular properties of the cytochrome P-450 system. These advances stem, in practical terms, from the generally recognized importance of cytochrome P-450 in the metabolism of drugs and in the bioactivation of xenobiotics to toxic products. The fascinating multiplicity and differential regulation of cytochrome P-450 isozymes, and their ability to catalyze extraordinarily difficult chemical transformations, have independently drawn many chemists and biochemists into the P-450 circle. Progress in the field, from a technical point of view, has been propelled by the de velopment of reliable procedures for the purification of membrane-bound enzymes, by the growing repertoire of molecular biological techniques, and by the development of chemical models that mimic the catalytic action of P-450. As a result, our understanding of the P-450 system is moving from the descriptive, pharmacological level into the tangible realm of atomic detail. The rapid progress and multidisciplinary character of the cytochrome P-450 field, which cuts across the lines that traditionally divide disciplines as diverse as inorganic chemistry and genetics, have created a need for an up-to-date evaluation of the advances that have been made. It is hoped that this book, with its molecular focus on the cytochrome P-450 system, will alleviate this need. The authors of the individual chapters have strived to emphasize recent results without sacrificing the background required to make their chapters comprehensible to informed nonspecialists.
Download or read book Cytochromes c written by Graham W. Pettigrew and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 294 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cytochrome c fulfills a central role in biological electron transport. This book draws together information from diverse disciplines in order to provide a common base for further research. The comprehensive treatment of this subject does not neglect to show the diversity of biological respirations and photosyntheses. But it also defines their unifying principles. This overview presents the evolutionary relatedness in bioenergetic systems. Such systems are discussed at the experimental level with emphasis on the interpretation of results and the methodological approaches used. No other text provides a broad survey of this central area of biology. Researchers on cytochrome c are presented with information on the impact and importance of other disciplines on their area of investigation. Advanced students gain a balanced account of biological electron transport and will be encouraged to seek new directions of research.
Download or read book Cytochromes P450 written by Costas Ioannides and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 1996-09-06 with total page 426 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cytochromes P450: Metabolic and Toxicological Aspects examines cytochrome P450 proteins and their role in toxicity/carcinogenicity and the metabolism of foreign chemicals. Studying the function of these proteins enables us to: Predict the pathways and outcome of chemical metabolism to rationalize species, sex, and age differences in toxicity Anticipate drug interactions Modify doses to fit the needs of patients Contributions from internationally acknowledged experts are organized into three sections. The first section provides an overview, the next profiles each of the cytochrome P450 families and subfamilies involved in chemical metabolism, and the last section discusses new issues and developments of current interest. This detailed and thorough examination of cytochrome P450 will be a useful source for research scientists, especially those working in the pharmaceutical industry, dealing with the safety evaluation of chemicals and the study of their metabolism, pharmacokinetics, and toxicological properties.
Download or read book Cytochrome Complexes Evolution Structures Energy Transduction and Signaling written by William A. Cramer and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-06-14 with total page 763 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An Introduction that describes the origin of cytochrome notation also connects to the history of the field, focusing on research in England in the pre-World War II era. The start of the modern era of studies on structure-function of cytochromes and energy-transducing membrane proteins was marked by the 1988 Nobel Prize in Chemistry, given to J. Deisenhofer, H. Michel, and R. Huber for determination of the crystal structure of the bacterial photosynthetic reaction center. An ab initio logic of presentation in the book discusses the evolution of cytochromes and hemes, followed by theoretical perspectives on electron transfer in proteins and specifically in cytochromes. There is an extensive description of the molecular structures of cytochromes and cytochrome complexes from eukaryotic and prokaryotic sources, bacterial, plant and animal. The presentation of atomic structure information has a major role in these discussions, and makes an important contribution to the broad field of membrane protein structure-function.
Download or read book Cytochrome P450 Protocols written by Ian R. Phillips and published by Humana Press. This book was released on 2013-03-09 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cytochromes P450 (CYPs) comprise a large superfamily of proteins that are of central importance in the detoxification or activation of a tremendous number of natural and synthetic hydrophobic xenobiotics, including many therapeutic drugs, chemical carcinogens and environmental pollutants. CYPs are important in mediating interactions between an organism and its chemical environment and in the regulation of physiological processes. Cytochrome P450 Protocols, Third Edition focuses on high-throughput methods for the simultaneous analysis of multiple CYPs, substrates or ligands. Although the emphasis is on CYPs of mammalian origin, it reflects an increasing interest in CYPs of bacterial species. Also included are chapters on cytochrome P450 reductase (the redox partner of CYPs) and the flavin-containing monooxygenases (FMOs), and metabolomic and lipidomic approaches for identification of endogenous substrates of CYPs (‘de-orphanizing’ CYP substrates). Written in the successful Methods in Molecular BiologyTM series format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible protocols, and notes on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and easily accessible, Cytochrome P450 Protocols, Third Edition provides a wide range of techniques accessible to researchers in fields as diverse as biochemistry, molecular biology, pharmacology, toxicology, environmental biology and genetics.
Download or read book Cytochromes P450 written by Costas Ioannides and published by Royal Society of Chemistry. This book was released on 2008-06-27 with total page 538 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: During half a century, cytochrome P450 in its original uniqueness as an optically "wrong" cytochrome has attracted many investigators, who have contributed to the unveiling of a bewildering multiplicity of biologically important functions of the, by now very large, superfamily of cytochrome P 450 enzymes. With its discovery in 1958 and with the advent of more refined spectroscopic methodologies, through the double wavelength spectrophotometry, the mysterious enzyme system began to reveal its secrets in a swift stream of investigative successes. As one of the most extensively studied enzyme systems worldwide the interest in cytochromes P450 very much reflects its importance in the elimination of drugs and other chemicals from the body and its role in chemical toxicity and in the aetiology of diseases such as cancer. There has been significant progress in research in this area in recent years and current books on this subject are now out of date. This much needed, new, fully up-to-date publication fills this gap and emphasises the new relevant topics that have emerged during the last decade in an easily accessible manner. The enzyme system, cytochromes P450, comprises a number of families/subfamilies, and the focus of the book is to deal with each individually, furnishing information directly relevant to scientists involved in the development of chemicals, in particular in the evaluation of their safety. The book has contributions from internationally respected scientists who are research-active in the relevant areas. The authors have made extensive use of figures and tables so that the reader can access the necessary information without always having to read the text. In addition, a very extensive, user-friendly index is a unique hallmark of the book. Part A of this monograph introduces the reader to the current knowledge of the evolutionary development of cytochrome P450 structure and function. Furthermore, it deals with the role of this enzyme in the formation of reactive intermediates. The shrewd and extensive utilisation of the molecular biology methodology very rapidly led to a vast body of enzymes calling for a classification of the plethora of different cytochromes P450 (the superfamily) into families and subfamilies. This is aptly exemplified by the ten chapters in Part B of this book, dealing with ten subfamilies and two families of cytochrome P450. Part C offers an insight into another aspect of cytochrome P450 research, namely its regulation through receptor-mediated stimuli - as opposed to enzyme induction or inhibition. The final chapter translates the current data on one of several drug metabolising systems into clinical application and highlights the role of cytochromes P450 in the treatment of neoplastic growth. The book deals extensively with each family/subfamily of the cytochromes P450 that contribute to the metabolism of xenobiotics. Essential and invaluable information is provided for the industrial research scientist working with fine chemicals, and especially those in the pharmaceutical industry, dealing with the safety evaluation of chemicals or being involved in the study of their metabolism, pharmacokinetics and toxicological properties. It should also prove of interest to Regulators concerned with the safety evaluation of chemicals, research pharmacologists and toxicologists, and postgraduate students studying drug metabolism and toxicology at an advanced level.
Download or read book Cytochromes P 450 and b5 written by David Cooper and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 550 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: P-450 has in common with our nation that it can call Phila delphia its hometown. Yet there are differences, too. The U. S. A. was born and named in this city. P-450 was first recog nized here -- an odd CO-combining pigment without family or func tion. Japanese workers identified it as an unusual member of the cytochrome family. Finally, in Philadelphia, its biological func tion was established and its growth to a global power initiated. Since discovery of its function as terminal oxidase of the 21-steroid hydroxylase system of adrenocortical microsomes, P-450 has proved to play the same role in a wide variety of other mixed function oxidase systems involved in biosynthesis and catabolism of specific cell or body components as well as in the metabolism of foreign substances entering organisms. P-450-like oxygenating enzymes appear to be fundamental cellular constituents in most forms of aerobic organisms. Activation of molecular oxygen and incorporation of one of its atoms into organic compounds as cata lyzed by P-450 enzymes are reactions of vital importance not only for biosynthesis and degradation of steroid hormones necessary for sustaining life, but also for metabolic activation or inactivation of foreign agents such as drugs, food preservatives and additives, insecticides and carcinogens. Moreover, P-450 linked enzyme sys tems can either be induced or suppressed by these agents with significant biological consequences.
Download or read book From Cyclotrons To Cytochromes written by Nathan Kaplan and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2012-12-02 with total page 903 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: From Cyclotrons to Cytochromes: Essays in Molecular Biology and Chemistry focuses on the uses of the cyclotron and radioactive isotopes in molecular biology and chemistry. The book includes a tribute to Martin Kamen, who played an important role in the development of biochemical sciences in the United States, particularly through his research on the cyclotron. The text also documents research on isotopes carried out at the Radiation Laboratory of the University of California at Berkeley during the 1930s, as well as the role of radioactive carbon in bacterial metabolism and experimental work on cytochromes. This volume is organized into six sections encompassing 54 chapters and begins with an overview of science and technology, and then discusses carbon-14 and its half-life. The next chapters discuss the chemistry and structure of cytochromes; the role of cytochromes and redox systems in photosynthesis; the biological aspects of phosphorylation and oxidation; and protein structure. The book also methodically explains the regulatory mechanisms and miscellaneous metabolic processes such as the metabolism of cyclic nucleotides and related compounds; biological functions of lactate dehydrogenase; and nucleotide excision repair of damaged DNA. The final chapter discusses the deamidation of asparagine and glutamine side chains when incorporated into polypeptide chains, with reference to the role of cryptic amidase active sites in catalyzing the process. This book is a valuable resource for biochemists and molecular biologists.
Download or read book Cytochrome P450 Protocols written by Ian R. Phillips and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-02-04 with total page 355 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: For this second edition of their much praised Cytochrome P450, the editors have collected accounts of the essential core techniques that use the latest methodologies for the investigation of P450s. Highlights include protocols for spectral analysis and purification of P450s, enzymatic assays of P450s and flavin-containing monooxygenases (FMOs), expression of P450s and FMOs in heterologous systems, and the production and use of antipeptide antibodies. Additional chapters contain readily reproducible techniques for the transfection of hepatocytes for gene regulation studies, P450 reporter gene assays, in situ hybridization, and analysis of genetic polymorphisms. Although the emphasis is on P450s of mammalian origin, many of the readily reproducible methods described are suitable for P450s from any source.
Download or read book Type B Cytochromes Sensors and Switches written by J.L. Kiel and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2018-01-10 with total page 178 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book describes cellular level sensors that act as switches, turning on gene expression and other metabolic processes necessary for cell survival and differentiation. These responses can also initiate programmed cell death or activate latent human immunodeficiency virus or animal leukemia viruses. These redox sensors are nonspecific in sensitivity but specific in response. Unlike ligand/antiligand-type specific sensors, they respond to ionizing and ultraviolet radiations, pH gradients, heat, light, electric and magnetic fields, redox chemicals, mechanical stress, and other nonspecific stressors. The sensors are type-b cytochromes, including NADPH oxidases, NO synthases, and nitrogen oxide reductases. The intense radiation of early pre-biotic earth may have been the evolutionary driving force for the development of their common ancestor.
Download or read book Monooxygenase Peroxidase and Peroxygenase Properties and Mechanisms of Cytochrome P450 written by Eugene G. Hrycay and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-05-22 with total page 376 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book describes in 13 chapters mechanisms of P450 used to monooxygenate substrates via the NAD(P)H/O2 pathway using its peroxidase and peroxygenase functions. P450 also utilizes peroxides, peracids, periodate and iodosobenzene to oxygenate substrates via the shunt pathway. Also described are mechanisms used in the oxidation of pharmaceuticals by CYP3A4; acyl- carbon cleavage by CYP17A1, CYP19A1 and CYP51A1; metabolism of tetrabromodiphenyl ethers and bile acids by CYP2B6 and CYP3A4; metabolism of ω-6 and ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids; H2O2-mediated peroxygenation of substrates using substrate misrecognition; P450 oxidative reactions using electrochemical methods; electron transfer to P450 by redox proteins; hydroxylation of 1,8-cineole by P450cin; and peroxygenation by unspecific peroxygenases using H2O2. The topics covered are relevant to P450 researchers, professors and students from a variety of disciplines ranging from pharmacology, toxicology and microbiology to chemistry.
Download or read book Cytochrome P450 2D6 written by Shufeng Zhou and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2018-09-03 with total page 1122 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cytochromes are proteins that catalyze electron transfer reactions of well-known metabolic pathways and are classified in various superfamilies. The CYP, or P450, superfamily accounts for 90% of the oxidative metabolism of clinical drugs. One member of this superfamily, P450 2D6 (or CYP2D6), singlehandedly metabolizes about 25% of all medications in the human liver. Cytochrome P450 2D6: Structure, Function, Regulation, and Polymorphism reviews the current knowledge of CYP2D6 as well as the maturing body of evidence indicating its significance to clinical and pharmacological researchers and practitioners. This book focuses on the critical role CYP2D6 plays in the human liver. It examines the genetic, epigenetic, physiological, pathological, and structural factors of the gene that govern the highly variable metabolism of a number of drugs in clinical use. It highlights the impact of the functional roles of CYP2D6 on clinical practice and drug development and also discusses implications for precise medicine, strategies to avoid adverse drug reactions, and paths for future research. Cytochrome P450 2D6 is a unique, valuable book focusing on a single but immensely powerful human gene. It provides the first single source of comprehensive information on CYP2D6 that serves as an important reference for medical, biomedical, pharmaceutical, and nursing researchers, practitioners, and students.
Download or read book Cytochromes Current Research II written by Richard A. Morton and published by Ardent Media. This book was released on 1972 with total page 238 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Cytochromes P450 written by Costas Ioannides and published by Royal Society of Chemistry. This book was released on 2008 with total page 584 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With contributions by a team of internationally respected scientists, this book provides up-to-date information on the extensively studied cytochrome P450 enzyme in a very accessible manner.
Download or read book Cytochrome P450 written by John B. Schenkman and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-03-08 with total page 740 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The most complete and up-to-date survey of this important superfamily of enzymes, including the first ever coverage of the forms involved in steroid hormone biosynthesis. The components of the enzyme system, the reaction mechanisms involved, and the evolution and nomenclature are analyzed, as is the hepatic microsomal enzyme in a large number of species, illustrating the very wide implications for life processes.
