Download or read book Current and Future Developments in Physiology Control of Pancreatic Beta Cell Function and Plasticity in Health and Diabetes written by David Hill and published by Current and Future Development. This book was released on 2016-12-02 with total page 250 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Plasticity in insulin-producing cells (β-cells) of the pancreas is a major contributor to metabolic control. Targeted regeneration of pancreatic β-cells for the reversal of diabetes (by optimizing β-cells mass and proliferation to meet metabolic requirements and counter autoimmune response) is still a theoretical intervention. This monograph reviews the biology, ontogeny, capabilities, and present practical limitations of β-cell plasticity. Relevant biochemical pathways are described with the inclusion of information about how they change with aging, during pregnancy, and with diet. Readers will learn the following key aspects about β-cell plasticity: -current knowledge of pancreatic β-cells development, and how β-cell mass and proliferation change throughout the human lifespan -the mechanisms responsible for β-cell plasticity, based on animal models and clinical studies revealing environmental, epigenetic, endocrine and paracrine regulators -the therapeutic potential of resident stem cells within the pancreas / bone marrow and β-cell progenitors This monograph is essential reading for researchers interested in updated knowledge about the molecular and cellular biology of β-cells in the quest to find a reliable therapy for diabetes.
Download or read book Control of Pancreatic Beta Cell Function and Plasticity in Health and Diabetes written by David J. Hill and published by Bentham Science Publishers. This book was released on 2016-12-02 with total page 253 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Plasticity in insulin-producing cells (β-cells) of the pancreas is a major contributor to metabolic control. Targeted regeneration of pancreatic β-cells for the reversal of diabetes (by optimizing β-cells mass and proliferation to meet metabolic requirements and counter autoimmune response) is still a theoretical intervention. This monograph reviews the biology, ontogeny, capabilities, and present practical limitations of β-cell plasticity. Relevant biochemical pathways are described with the inclusion of information about how they change with aging, during pregnancy, and with diet. Readers will learn the following key aspects about β-cell plasticity: -current knowledge of pancreatic β-cells development, and how β-cell mass and proliferation change throughout the human lifespan -the mechanisms responsible for β-cell plasticity, based on animal models and clinical studies revealing environmental, epigenetic, endocrine and paracrine regulators -the therapeutic potential of resident stem cells within the pancreas / bone marrow and β-cell progenitors This monograph is essential reading for researchers interested in updated knowledge about the molecular and cellular biology of β-cells in the quest to find a reliable therapy for diabetes.
Download or read book Pancreatic Beta Cell in Health and Disease written by Susumu Seino and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-04-08 with total page 475 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The beta cells of the pancreatic islets of Langerhans are the only cells in the body that produce and secrete insulin. This metabolic hormone plays a central role in the maintenance of glucose homeostasis. This book provides a comprehensive review of the beta cell in health and disease. The book’s primary aim is to encourage investigators to become actively involved in diabetes research and the search for new approaches to prevent and treat diabetes.
Download or read book The Pancreatic Beta Cell written by and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2014-02-20 with total page 517 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: First published in 1943, Vitamins and Hormones is the longest-running serial published by Academic Press. The Series provides up-to-date information on vitamin and hormone research spanning data from molecular biology to the clinic. A volume can focus on a single molecule or on a disease that is related to vitamins or hormones. A hormone is interpreted broadly so that related substances, such as transmitters, cytokines, growth factors and others can be reviewed. This volume focuses on the pancreatic beta cell. - Expertise of the contributors - Coverage of a vast array of subjects - In depth current information at the molecular to the clinical levels - Three-dimensional structures in color - Elaborate signaling pathways
Download or read book Exploring Novel Mechanisms of Pancreatic B cell Development Dysfunction and Survival written by Daniel Oropeza Herrero and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Diabetes has become a global health concern affecting more than 382 million people. It is ultimately a disease of the pancreatic [beta]-cell, as associated cell death and dysfunction is necessary for the progression towards hyperglycemia. In the work presented here we explore new mechanisms involved in [beta]-cell development, dysfunction and protection using a combination of cell culture techniques and in vivo work using frogs and mice as model organisms. Using the frog Xenopus laevis, we show that transient overexpression of Neurogenin3 (Ngn3), the main determinant of endocrine cell fate in the embryonic pancreas, at distinct developmental stages was able to promote ectopic and early development of [beta]-cells throughout the foregut. This was achieved by brief activation of Ngn3 after gastrulation and, most importantly, generated ectopic [beta]-cells, but not [alpha]-cells. Using microarray analysis of endoderm tissue following Ngn3 overexpression, we identified novel genes expressed in the embryonic pancreas required for the creation of ectopic [beta]-cells; including Tbx2, Mtg8 and Mtgr1. We propose these genes are important regulators of early [beta]-cell fate specification and warrant further investigation in mammalian systems downstream of Ngn3.Once [beta]-cells are produced, they must maintain efficient function throughout their life cycle for adequate secretion of insulin and subsequent blood glucose control. Reduced expression of Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor [gamma] coactivators-1[alpha] and [beta] (Pgc1-[alpha]/[beta]), master regulators of mitochondrial biology, has been observed in several tissues associated with the pathogenesis of diabetes; in particular Pgc1-[alpha] was significantly reduced in islets of type II diabetics. To test whether this could contribute to [beta]-cell dysfunction, we reduced the expression of Pgc1-[alpha]/[beta] in adult [beta]-cells of mice using a tamoxifen-inducible Cre-lox system, which lead to impaired insulin secretion both in vitro and in vivo, but did not affect glucose homeostasis. Surprisingly, [beta]-cells lacking Pgc-1 showed no significant change in mitochondrial respiratory capacity, despite reduced mitochondrial density and dysregulated expression of genes involved in mitochondrial dynamics. Inhibition of palmitate-potentiated insulin secretion, along with altered expression of key enzymes involved in acyl-glycerol metabolism, suggests the defect in secretion may be the result of dysregulated lipid metabolism. During the course of our experimentation, we found that mice carrying the Mouse Insulin Promoter-CreERT (MIP-CreERT) transgene are protected against hyperglycemia caused by the [beta]-cell specific toxin Streptozotocin (STZ). While control littermates were significantly hyperglycemic shortly following STZ administration, MIP-CreERT mice remained normoglycemic up to four weeks following treatment. These mice had increased blood insulin levels following an oral glucose tolerance test, yet surprisingly, their islets did not show protection against STZ-induced [beta]-cell death. Further research into the underlying mechanism of protection in the model may reveal novel pathways to improve and protect [beta]-cell from cellular stress and could improve [beta]-cell physiology under hyperglycemic conditions. Taken together, our studies investigating mechanisms regulating [beta]-cell development, metabolism, and response to cellular stress shed light on several aspects of [beta]-cell biology that could contribute to the development of new therapies for both Type I and II diabetes." --
Download or read book Fetal and Early Postnatal Programming and its Influence on Adult Health written by Mulchand S. Patel and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2017-07-12 with total page 776 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: There is a documented link between fetal nutrition and the development of disease risk in adult life. Including the early postnatal period, during which a newborn continues to grow rapidly influenced by environmental factors, suggests that individuals are subject to risks for more than just the fetal period. Fetal and Early Postnatal Programming and its Influence on Adult Health focuses on interrelated aspects of cellular programming related to early nutrition and this potential global health problem.
Download or read book Beta Cells in Health and Disease written by Shahzad Irfan and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2024-01-17 with total page 94 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Beta Cells in Health and Disease presents the latest information on the novel and widely studied physiology of pancreatic cells in homeostasis and under pathogenic conditions. This book includes chapters on a variety of topics, including the importance and the biology of insulin hormone, pancreatic beta cell dysfunction in type 1 diabetes, the biological importance of physical activity in managing type 1 diabetes, the use of stem cell therapy for the treatment of diabetes, the role of microRNAs in modulating beta cell function, and more.
Download or read book Molecular and Cell Biology of Pancreas Development Function and Regeneration written by Maria L. Golson and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on with total page 201 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Beta Cells written by S. Gallagher and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Beta cells or ß-cells, are a type of cell in the pancreas in areas called the islets of Langerhans. They make up 65-80% of the cells in the islets. Pancreatic B-cell is the only cell type that produces insulin to regulate glucose metabolism in the body. The insufficiency of insulin-producing B-cells results in dysregulation of blood glucose control, termed as type 1 diabetes. This book presents current research from across the globe in the study of Beta-cells, including the induction of pancreatic cancer cell death by elevated concentrations of extracellular zinc; the role of Rab GTPases and their effectors in the insulin secretory pathway of the pancreatic beta cell; In vivo reprogramming of pancreatic A-cells into B-like cells; and the role of glucocortoids, exercise and glucolipotoxicity with regard to stress and pancreatic B-cell function.
Download or read book Development of the Pancreas and Neonatal Diabetes written by Raphael Scharfmann and published by Karger Medical and Scientific Publishers. This book was released on 2007-01-01 with total page 150 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "This collection written by scientists and clinicians is a valuable reference for endocrinologists, geneticists and pancreatic developmental scientists alike."--BOOK JACKET.
Download or read book Pancreatic Islet Biology written by Anandwardhan A. Hardikar and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-10-25 with total page 332 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This comprehensive volume discusses in vitro laboratory development of insulin-producing cells. It encompasses multiple aspects of islet biology—from embryonic development and stem cell differentiation to clinical studies in islet transplantation, regulation of islet beta-cell regeneration, pancreatic progenitors, mathematical modelling of islet development, epigenetic regulation, and much more. The chapter authors represent leading laboratories from around the world who contribute their international perspectives and global expertise. Collectively, they provide the reader with a concise yet detailed knowledge of processes and current developments in islet regenerative biology. Pancreatic Islet Biology, part of the Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine series, is essential reading for researchers and clinicians in stem cells or endocrinology, especially those focusing on diabetes.
Download or read book The Endocrine Pancreas written by Ellis Samols and published by Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. This book was released on 1991 with total page 568 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Molecular Basis of Pancreas Development and Function written by Joel F. Habener and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 413 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Diabetes mellitus is rapidly increasing in prevalence throughout both developed and developing countries. The social and economic burden of this disease is estimated to cost 14 billion dollars worldwide. In the USA alone, 15 million individuals are diabetic, nearly half of them unaware of their condition. Complications of diabetes mellitus are the leading causes for blindness, limb amputation and chronic renal failure and kidney transplantation in industrialized countries. Further, diabetes mellitus per se and the metabolic derangement associated with diabetes are important risk factors for cardiovascular disease. Diabetes, as defined by an elevated fasting blood glucose level is presently subdivided in etiologically distinct groups. The most prevalent being type 2 (adult onset) diabetes characterized by insulin resistance and failure of the ~-cell to supply insulin in amounts sufficient to meet the body's needs. Type 1 (juvenile) diabetes, most commonly with an onset during childhood and adolescence, is caused by an auto-immune destruction of the pancreatic ~-cells. The causations of both type 1 and type 2 diabetes involve a combination of complex genetic traits and environmental influences. A third category are the mature onset diabetes of the young (MODY). This comparatively small group of patients (-10% of diabetes) presents relative early in life «30 years of age) compared to the more common late onset type 2 diabetes.
Download or read book Pancreatic B Cell Biology in Health and Disease written by Lorenzo Galluzzi and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2021-04-09 with total page 414 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Pancreatic B Cell Biology in Health and Disease, Volume 360 presents the latest release in this ongoing series on the novel and widely studied physiology of pancreatic cells in homeostasis and under pathogenic conditions. This new volume includes new chapters on a variety of topics, including Pancreatic Beta Cell Dysfunction in Type 1 Diabetes: The Role of Ifn, Sexual Hormones and Diabetes: The Impact in Pancreatic Beta Cell, Pancreatic Beta Cell Dysfunction in Monogenic Diabetes, The Role of MiRNAs In Beta Cell Function, Pancreatic Beta Cell: How Environmental Endocrine Disruptors Alter Its Function, Enteroviral Infections and Pancreatic Beta Cell Dysfunction, and more. Final sections cover Long Non-Coding Rna-Regulated Pathways in Pancreatic Beta Cell: Their Role in Diabetes and Pancreatic Beta Cell Biology in Health and Disease. Provides updated and extensive review articles that focus on different aspects of pancreatic cell biology Offers a wide range of perspectives for basic and translational research Includes original figures that help readers understand the complex pathways involved in cell function in homeostasis and under pathogenic conditions
Download or read book Islets of Langerhans 2 Ed written by Shahidul Islam and published by . This book was released on with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Glucose Sensing written by Chris D. Geddes and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-12-29 with total page 460 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An essential reference for any laboratory working in the analytical fluorescence glucose sensing field. The increasing importance of these techniques is typified in one emerging area by developing non-invasive and continuous approaches for physiological glucose monitoring. This volume incorporates analytical fluorescence-based glucose sensing reviews, specialized enough to be attractive to professional researchers, yet appealing to a wider audience of scientists in related disciplines of fluorescence.
Download or read book Glucocorticoid Signaling written by Jen-Chywan Wang and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-07-27 with total page 387 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This timely volume provides a comprehensive overview of glucocorticoids and their role in regulating many aspects of physiology and their use in the treatment of disease. The book is broken into four sections that begin by giving a general introduction to glucocorticoids and a brief history of the field. The second section will discuss the effects of glucocorticoids on metabolism, while the third section will cover the effects of glucocorticoids on key tissues. The final section will discuss general topics, such as animal models in glucocorticoid research and clinical implications of glucocorticoid research. Featuring chapters from leaders in the field, this volume will be of interest to both researchers and clinicians.
