Download or read book Current and Advanced NO sub X control Technology for Coal fired Industrial Boilers written by and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A NOx-control-technology assessment study of coal-fired industrial boilers was conducted to examine the effectiveness of combustion-modification methods, including low excess air, staged combustion, and burner modifications. Boiler types considered included overfed and underfed stokers, spreader stokers, pulverized-coal and coal-fired cyclone units. Significant variations in NOx emissions occur with boiler type, firing method, and coal type; a relative comparison of emission-control performance, cost, and operational considerations is presented for each method. Baseline (as-found) emissions from grate-fired stokers were shown to be in the range of 200 to 300 ppM. Similarly, as-found emissions from suspension-fired units were quite low (350 to 600 ppM) as compared to comparably designed utility-sized units. Low excess air was shown to be the most effective method on existing units, reducing emissions by approximately 10%. Evaluation of staged combustion and burner modification, however, were limited due to current boiler designs. Major hardware modification/design and implementation are necessary before the potential of these techniques can be fully evaluated. The study emphasized the numerous operational factors that are of major importance to the user in selecting and implementing a combustion-modification program, including energy considerations, incremental capital and operating costs, corrosion, secondary pollutants, and retrofit potential.

Download or read book Current and advanced NOx control technology for coal fired industrial boilers written by KVB, inc and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page 180 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Current and Advanced NOx control Technology for Coal fired Industrial Boilers written by and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page 200 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Development of Advanced NO Sub X Control Concepts for Coal fired Utility Boilers written by and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 45 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: CombiNO(subscript x) is a NO(subscript x) reduction process which incorporates three different NO(subscript x) control technologies: reburning, selective non-catalytic reduction (SNCR), and methanol injection. Gas reburning is a widely used technology that has been proven to reduce NO(subscript x) up to 60% on full-scale applications. The specific goals of the CombiNO(subscript x) project are: 70% NO(subscript x) reduction at 20% of the cost of selective catalytic reduction; NO(subscript x) levels at the stack of 60 ppm for ozone non-attainment areas; Demonstrate coal reburning; Identify all undesirable by-products of the process and their controlling parameters; Demonstrate 95% N02 removal in a wet scrubber. Before integrating all three of CombiNO(subscript x)'s technologies into a combined process, it is imperative that the chemistry of each individual process is well understood. Pilot-scale SNCR tests and the corresponding computer modeling were studied in detail and discussed in the previous quarterly report. This quarterly report will present the results obtained during the pilot-scale advanced reburning tests performed on EER's Boiler Simulation Facility (BSF). Since methanol injection is a relatively new NO(subscript x) control technology, laboratory-scale tests were performed to better understand the conditions at which methanol is most effective. The experimental set-up and results from these tests will be discussed.

Download or read book Development of Advanced NO sub X Control Concepts for Coal fired Utility Boiler written by and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 21 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Hybrid technologies for the reduction of NO[sub x] emissions from coal-fired utility boilers have shown the potential to offer greater levels of NO[sub x] control than the sum of the individual technologies, leading to more cost effective emissions control strategies. Energy and Environmental Research Corporation (EER) has developed a hybrid NO[sub x] control strategy involving two proprietary concepts which has the potential to meet the US Department of Energy's NO[sub x] reduction goal at a significant reduction in cost compared to existing technology. The process has been named CombiNO[sub x]. CombiNO[sub x] is an integration of three technologies: modified reburning, promoted selective noncatalytic reduction (SNCR) and methanol injection. These technologies are combined to achieve high levels of NO[sub x] emission reduction from coal-fired power plants equipped with S0[sub x] scrubbers. The first two steps, modified reburning and promoted SNCR are linked. It has been shown that performance of the SNCR agent is dependent upon local oxidation of CO. Reburning is used to generate the optimum amount of CO to promote the SNCR agent. Approximately 10 percent reburning is required, this represents half of that required for conventional reburning. If the reburn fuel is natural gas, the combination of reburning and SNCR may result in a significant cost savings over conventional reburning. The third step, injection of methanol into the flue gas, is used to oxidize NO to N0[sub 2] which may subsequently be removed in a wet scrubber. Pilot-scale tests performed at EER's 1 MMBtu/hr Boiler Simulation Facility (BSF) have demonstrated NO[sub x] reductions up to 92%. The program's next phase entails process scale-up to a 10 MMBtu/hr furnace also located at EER's Santa Anna test site.

Download or read book Engineering Development of Advanced Coal fired Low emissions Boiler Systems Quarterly Project Technical Status Report January 1997 March 1997 written by and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 17 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The goal of the NO(subscript x) Subsystem is to achieve continuous operation of the Low-Emssions Boiler System (LEBS) at NO(subscript x) emissions at or below 0.20 lb/MBtu through combustion techniques only, with a further target of 0.1 lb NO(subscript x)Mbtu using supplementary advanced flue gas cleanup technologies if necessary. These goals places practical constraints that must be considered on the NO(subscript x) Subsystem design. Not only must the boiler be designed to achieve time-temperature mixing histories that minimize NO(subscript x) but it must also be designed to operate that way throughout its working lifetime. Therefore, NO(subscript x) minimization strategies must be integrated into the control systems for every boiler component from the pulverizers to the stack. Furthermore, these goals must be met without increases in carbon loss and CO emissions from the levels achieved with current low-NO(subscript x) combustion systems. Therefore, the NO(subscript x) Subsystem requires not only sound mechanical designs of burners, furnace surface, and staging air/fuel injectors, but also sensors and software to allow control of their operation. Through engineering analysis, experimental testing, and numerical modeling in Phase II, an advanced low-NO(subscript x) control system is being developed. The progress of these activities is presented in this report. The results from the final series of NO(subscript x) subsystem burner tests were compiled. The information obtained is also being used as a comparison to the numerical modeling predictions. The engineering design of the Proof-of-Concept (POC) Facility was revised based on the information gained through the Phase II activities.

Download or read book Advanced Technologies for the Control of Sulfur Dioxide Emissions from Coal Fired Boilers written by and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on with total page 32 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Engineering Development of Advanced Coal fired Low emissions Boiler Systems Quarterly Project Technical Status Report July 1996 September 1996 written by and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 21 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The goal of the NO(subscript x) Subsystem is to achieve continuous operation of the Low-Emissions Boiler System (LEBS) at NO(subscript x) emissions at or below 0.20 lb/MBtu through combustion techniques only, with a further target of 0.1 lb NO(subscript x)MBtu using supplementary advanced flue gas cleanup technologies if necessary. These goals places practical constraints that must be considered on the NO(subscript x) Subsystem design. Not only must the boiler be designed to achieve time-temperature mixing histories that minimize NO(subscript x), but it must also be designed to operate that way throughout its working lifetime. Therefore, NO(subscript x) minimization strategies must be integrated into the control systems for every boiler component from the pulverizers to the stack. Furthermore, these goals must be met without increases in carbon loss and CO emissions from the levels achieved with current low-NO(subscript x) combustion systems. Therefore, the NO(subscript x) Subsystem requires not only sound mechanical designs of burners, furnace surface, and staging air/fuel injectors, but also sensors and software to allow control of their operation. Through engineering analysis, experimental testing, and numerical modeling in Phase II, an advanced low-NO(subscript x) control system is being developed. The progress of these activities is presented in this report.

Download or read book 180 MW Demonstration of Advanced Tangentially fired Combustion Techniques for the Reduction of Nitrogen Oxide NO Sub X Emissions from Coal fired Boilers written by and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 105 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: ABB CE's Low NOx Bulk Furnace Staging (LNBFS) System and Low NOx Concentric Firing System (LNCFS) are demonstrated in stepwise fashion. These systems incorporate the concept of advanced overfire air (AOFA), clustered coal nozzles, and offset air. A complete description of the installed technologies is provided in the following section. The primary objective of the Plant Lansing Smith demonstration is to determine the long-term effects of commercially available tangentially-fired low NOx combustion technologies on NOx emissions and boiler performance. Short-term tests of each technology are also being performed to provide engineering information about emissions and performance trends. A target of achieving fifty percent NOx reduction using combustion modifications has been established for the project.

Download or read book Development of Advanced NO subscript X Control Concepts for Coal fired Utility Boilers Quarterly Technical Progress Report No 1 September 26 December 31 1990 written by and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 32 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Hybrid technologies for reduction of NO(subscript x) emissions from coal fired utility boilers may offer greater levels of NO(subscript x) control than the sum of the individual technologies, leading to more cost effective emissions control strategies. Energy and Environmental Research Corporation had developed a hybrid NO(subscript x) control strategy involving two proprietary concepts which has the potential to meet the US Department of Energy's goal at a significant reduction in cost compared to existing technology. The process has been named CombiNO(subscript x). CombiNO(subscript x) is the integration of three separate NO control technologies: (1) Gas Reburning, (2) CO-Promoted Selective Non-Catalytic Reduction, and (3) Methanol Injection/NO2 Scrubbing.

Download or read book Pilot Scale Demonstration of ALTA for NOx Control in Pulverized Coal Fired Boilers written by and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report describes computational fluid dynamics (CFD) modeling and pilot-scale testing conducted to demonstrate the ability of the Advanced Layered Technology Approach (ALTA) to reduce NO(subscript x) emissions in a pulverized coal (PC) boiler. Testing specifically focused on characterizing NO(subscript x) behavior with deep burner staging combined with Rich Reagent Injection (RRI). Tests were performed in a 4 MBtu/hr pilot-scale furnace at the University of Utah. Reaction Engineering International (REI) led the project team which included the University of Utah and Combustion Components Associates (CCA). Deep burner staging and RRI, combined with selective non-catalytic reduction (SNCR), make up the Advanced Layered Technology Approach (ALTA) for NO(subscript x) reduction. The application of ALTA in a PC environment requires homogenization and rapid reaction of post-burner combustion gases and has not been successfully demonstrated in the past. Operation of the existing low-NO(subscript x) burner and design and operation of an application specific ALTA burner was guided by CFD modeling conducted by REI. Parametric pilot-scale testing proved the chemistry of RRI in a PC environment with a NOx reduction of 79% at long residence times and high baseline NOx rate. At representative particle residence times, typical operation of the dual-register low-NO(subscript x) burner provided an environment that was unsuitable for NO(subscript x) reduction by RRI, showing no NOx reduction. With RRI, the ALTA burner was able to produce NO(subscript x) emissions 20% lower than the low-NO(subscript x) burner, 76 ppmv vs. 94 ppmv, at a burner stoichiometric ratio (BSR) of 0.7 and a normalized stoichiometric ratio (NSR) of 2.0. CFD modeling was used to investigate the application of RRI for NO(subscript x) control on a 180 MW{sub e} wall-fired, PC boiler. A NO(subscript x) reduction of 37% from baseline (normal operation) was predicted using ALTA burners with RRI to produce a NO(subscript x) emission rate of 0.185 lb/MBtu at the horizontal nose of the boiler. When combined with SNCR, a NO(subscript x) emission rate of 0.12-0.14 lb/MBtu can be expected when implementing a full ALTA system on this unit. Cost effectiveness of the full ALTA system was estimated at $2,152/ton NO(subscript x) removed; this was less than 75% of the cost estimated for an SCR system on a unit of this size.

Download or read book Development of Advanced NO subscript X Control Concepts for Coal fired Utility Boiler Quarterly Technical Progress Report No 7 April 1 1992 June 30 1992 written by and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 21 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Hybrid technologies for the reduction of NO(subscript x) emissions from coal-fired utility boilers have shown the potential to offer greater levels of NO(subscript x) control than the sum of the individual technologies, leading to more cost effective emissions control strategies. Energy and Environmental Research Corporation (EER) has developed a hybrid NO(subscript x) control strategy involving two proprietary concepts which has the potential to meet the US Department of Energy's NO(subscript x) reduction goal at a significant reduction in cost compared to existing technology. The process has been named CombiNO(subscript x). CombiNO(subscript x) is an integration of three technologies: modified reburning, promoted selective noncatalytic reduction (SNCR) and methanol injection. These technologies are combined to achieve high levels of NO(subscript x) emission reduction from coal-fired power plants equipped with S0(subscript x) scrubbers. The first two steps, modified reburning and promoted SNCR are linked. It has been shown that performance of the SNCR agent is dependent upon local oxidation of CO. Reburning is used to generate the optimum amount of CO to promote the SNCR agent. Approximately 10 percent reburning is required, this represents half of that required for conventional reburning. If the reburn fuel is natural gas, the combination of reburning and SNCR may result in a significant cost savings over conventional reburning. The third step, injection of methanol into the flue gas, is used to oxidize NO to N02 which may subsequently be removed in a wet scrubber. Pilot-scale tests performed at EER's 1 MMBtu/hr Boiler Simulation Facility (BSF) have demonstrated NO(subscript x) reductions up to 92%. The program's next phase entails process scale-up to a 10 MMBtu/hr furnace also located at EER's Santa Anna test site.

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Download or read book Energy Research Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 840 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Selective Catalytic Reduction Technology for the Control of Nitrogen Oxide Emissions from Coal Fired Boilers written by Gene Knight and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on 2008-08 with total page 28 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Clean Coal Technology Demo. Program (CCTDP) is an effort to demonstrate a new generation of innovative coal utilization processes in a series of facilities built across the country. These projects are carried out on a commercial scale to prove technical feasibility and provide the info. required for future applications. Projects have demonstrated technical options with the potential to meet the needs of energy markets while satisfying environ. requirements. Part of this program is the demo. of technologies designed to reduce emissions of oxides of nitrogen (NOx) from existing coal-fired utility boilers. This report summarizes the status of selective catalytic reduction (SCR) technology for the control of NOx emissions from high-sulfur, coal-fired boilers. Illus.

Download or read book Development of Advanced NO subscript X Control Concepts for Coal fired Utility Boilers Quarterly Technical Progress Report No 4 July 1 1991 September 30 1991 written by and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 45 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: CombiNO(subscript x) is a NO(subscript x) reduction process which incorporates three different NO(subscript x) control technologies: reburning, selective non-catalytic reduction (SNCR), and methanol injection. Gas reburning is a widely used technology that has been proven to reduce NO(subscript x) up to 60% on full-scale applications. The specific goals of the CombiNO(subscript x) project are: 70% NO(subscript x) reduction at 20% of the cost of selective catalytic reduction; NO(subscript x) levels at the stack of 60 ppm for ozone non-attainment areas; Demonstrate coal reburning; Identify all undesirable by-products of the process and their controlling parameters; Demonstrate 95% N02 removal in a wet scrubber. Before integrating all three of CombiNO(subscript x)'s technologies into a combined process, it is imperative that the chemistry of each individual process is well understood. Pilot-scale SNCR tests and the corresponding computer modeling were studied in detail and discussed in the previous quarterly report. This quarterly report will present the results obtained during the pilot-scale advanced reburning tests performed on EER's Boiler Simulation Facility (BSF). Since methanol injection is a relatively new NO(subscript x) control technology, laboratory-scale tests were performed to better understand the conditions at which methanol is most effective. The experimental set-up and results from these tests will be discussed.

Download or read book Development of Advanced NO subscript X Control Concepts for Coal fired Utility Boilers Quarterly Technical Progress Report No 3 April 1 June 30 1991 written by and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 29 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Hybrid technologies for reduction of NO(subscript x) emissions from coal fired utility boilers may offer greater levels of NO(subscript x) control than the sum of the individual technologies, leading to more cost effective emissions control strategies. CombiNO(subscript x) is an integration of modified reburning, promoted selective non-catalytic reduction (SNCR) and methanol injection to reduce NO(subscript x) emissions from coal fired flue gas. The first two steps, modified reburning and promoted SNCR are linked. It was shown previously that oxidation of CO in the presence of a SNCR agent enhances the NO reduction performance. Less reburning than is typically done is required to generate the optimum amount of CO to promote the SNCR agent. If the reburn fuel is natural gas this may result in a significant cost savings over typical reburning. Injection of methanol into the flue gas has been shown at laboratory scale to convert NO to NO2 which may subsequently be removed in a wet scrubber. The overall objective of this program is to demonstrate the effectiveness of the CombiNOx process at a large enough scale and over a sufficiently broad range of conditions to provide all of the information needed to conduct a full-scale demonstration in a coal fired utility boiler. The specific technical goals of this program are: 70% NO(subscript x) reduction at 20% of the cost of selective catalytic reduction; NO(subscript x) levels at the stack of 60 ppm for ozone non-attainment areas; demonstrate coal reburning; identify all undesirable by-products of the process and their controlling parameters; demonstrate 95% NO2 removal in a wet scrubber. During this reporting period, experimental work was initiated at both the laboratory and pilot scale in the Fundamental Studies phase of the program. The laboratory scale work focused on determining whether or not the NO2 formed by the methanol injection step can be removed in an SO2 scrubber.