Download or read book Cumulative Effects Assessment for Northern and Southern Resident Killer Whale Orcinus Orca Populations in the Northeast Pacific written by Cathryn Clarke Murray and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 88 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Proceedings of the Pacific Regional Peer Review on Cumulative Effects Assessment for Northern and Southern Resident Killer Whale Populations in the Northeast Pacific written by and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Comparative demography and viability of northeastern Pacific resident killer whale populations at risk written by Luis A. Vélez-Espino and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 58 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Supplemental Environmental Assessment on the Effects of Issuance of a Scientific Research Permit Amendment for Research on the Eastern North Pacific Southern Resident Killer Whale Orcinus Orca Permit written by and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 47 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "The National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) proposes to issue an amendment to scientific research Permit No. 781-1824-01, pursuant to the Marine Mammal Protection Act of 1972, as amended (MMPA; 16 U.S.C. 1361 et seq.) and the Endangered Species Act of 1973 (ESA; 16 U.S.C. 1531 et seq.). The proposed amendment would authorize satellite tagging of Southern resident killer whales and an increase in the number of suction cup tags deployed on this species. This supplemental EA evaluates the potential impacts to the human environment from issuance of the proposed permit amendment"--Abstract.
Download or read book A Historical Ecology of Salish Sea Resident Killer Whales Orcinus Orca with Implications for Management written by and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Action Plan for the Northern and Southern Resident Killer Whale Orcinus Orca in Canada written by Sheila J. Thornton and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 33 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "The Northern and Southern Resident Killer Whale (Orcinus orca) were listed as Threatened and Endangered, respectively, under the Species at Risk Act (SARA) in 2003. This Action Plan is considered one in a series of documents that are linked and should be taken into consideration together, including the Committee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada (COSEWIC) status report, a recovery potential assessment, and the Recovery Strategy. Principal among the anthropogenic threats to recovery are reductions in the availability or quality of prey, environmental contamination, and both physical and acoustic disturbance. As these threats are common to all three ecotypes, the measures identified in the Resident Killer Whale Action Plan are highly likely to benefit Transient (Bigg's) and Offshore Killer Whale populations that frequent Canadian Pacific waters. This Action Plan outlines measures that provide the best chance of achieving the population and distribution objectives for the species, including the measures to be taken to address the threats and monitor the recovery of the species. The recovery strategy defined the population and distribution objective for the Northern and Southern Resident Killer Whale as: Ensure the long-term viability of Resident Killer Whale populations by achieving and maintaining demographic conditions that preserve their reproductive potential, genetic variation, and cultural continuity"--Executive summary, p. iii.
Download or read book Southern Resident Killer Whales Orcinus Orca written by Deborah A. Giles and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dissertation concerns the southern resident killer whales (Orcinus orca), a genetically isolated population of fish-eating killer whales that frequent the international waters of the Salish Sea between the United States and Canada in the eastern Pacific Ocean. Research was conducted from June 1 to October 31, 2007 and from June 7 to October 31, 2008, between geographic coordinates: 48°12' to 49° N latitude by 122°43' to 123°50° W longitude. The southern resident killer whale population has experienced multiple fluctuations since population surveys were initiated by the Center for Whale Research (CWR) in the mid 1970's. In November 2005, the U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS), Northwest Regional Office listed the southern resident killer whales as an endangered distinct population segment of the species Orcinus orca under the United States Endangered Species Act (ESA). Several risk factors including reductions in the quantity and quality of prey (salmon), exposure to persistent toxins, and disturbance from vessel presence and associated noise were identified as contributing to the decline of this already small population. With the listing under the ESA, critical habitat was designated in the inland waters around the U.S. San Juan Islands, Washington State and the Canadian Gulf Islands, British Columbia, Canada. Chapter one, Managing Vessel-based Killer Whale Watching: A Critical Assessment of the Evolution from Voluntary Guidelines to Regulations in the Salish Sea, provides background on the southern resident killer whales and the robust international whale watching industry in the region. This chapter also provides a detailed history of local, state, federal and international vessel laws and guidelines for watching whales in the Salish Sea. Chapter two, Non-invasive methods to study southern resident killer whales and vessel compliance with regulations, describes a novel equipment package, consisting of a differential GPS integrated with a digital compass and laser rangefinder that allowed me to collect accurate geo-referenced locations and behavioral data on whales and vessels throughout the whale's critical habitat. To improve both the spatial and temporal data on whale-vessel interactions, the information collected with this equipment was used to assess vessel compliance with local, state and federal laws and the regionally accepted best-practices Be Whale Wise Guidelines. Chapter three, The effects of vessels on group cohesion and behavior of southern resident killer whales (Orcinus orca), discusses research investigating changes in killer whale group cohesion in response to vessel density, distance and mode of operation. Future cetacean studies would benefit from using the equipment and methods presented here, especially in areas that are not conducive to land-based theodolite collected data.
Download or read book The Population s of Killer Whales Orcinus Orca Off Southern Alaska and in Adjacent Northeast Pacific Waters written by Hubbs-Sea World Research Institute and published by . This book was released on 1983* with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Effects of Anthropogenic Noise on the Vocal Behavior of Southern Resident Killer Whales Orcinus Orca written by Jennifer Beissinger Tennessen and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 264 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Species in the Spotlight written by and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 13 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "The Southern Resident killer whale DPS was listed as endangered under the Endangered Species Act (ESA) in 2005 following an almost 20% decline in the population. The Southern Residents were chosen as one of the eight most at-risk species because the population has relatively high mortality and low reproduction and they are currently well below the population growth goals identified in the Recovery Plan (NMFS 2008). Unlike other North Pacific killer whale populations, which have generally been increasing since federal protection was initiated in the 1970's, the Southern Resident population remains small and vulnerable and has not had a net increase in abundance since the mid-1980s. The comprehensive recovery program requires engagement from vital partners and long-term support over a large range from California to Alaska"--page 2, paragraph 1.
Download or read book COSEWIC Assessment and Update Status Report on the Killer Whale Orcinus Orca written by and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Population Viability Analysis for the Southern Resident Population of the Killer Whale Orcinus Orca written by Martin Taylor (Ph. D.) and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 54 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The killer whale, once abundant in the Pacific Northwest waters, has been declining in population since 1996. This is attributed to the lack of preferred foods, pollution, and disturbance from whale watching boats.
Download or read book Assessing Southern Resident Killer Whale Orcinus Orca Prey Abundance written by Erin Leigh Strange and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 132 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Predator-prey dynamics and their ecological drivers have absorbed the interest of population ecologists since models were first developed describing the cyclical nature of predator-prey populations in a static framework. Empirical data has demonstrated that species life histories evolve over ecological timescales in response to changes in broad ecological processes or specific changes in population densities and/or spatial distributions. Anthropomorphic environmental impacts have influenced ecological processes on a broad scale and in many cases impacted predator-prey relationships. Southern Resident killer whale, Orcinus orca, and its preferred prey, Chinook salmon, Oncorhynchus tshawystcha, provide an opportunity to evaluate human impacts from Chinook salmon ocean harvest and hatchery production to the predator-prey dynamic between these co-evolved species. This is particularly important when considering the management of ocean fisheries and hatcheries that support those fisheries relative to the recovery of the Southern Resident killer whale population, a federally-endangered marine mammal species. The purpose of this study was to: 1) investigate the impacts of modifications in Chinook salmon ocean harvest and hatchery production inputs on their abundance as a prey species for Southern Resident killer whale; and 2) evaluate how the Southern Resident killer whale population responds to the subsequent prey availability. Time-series (1984-2011) Chinook salmon terminal run (freshwater harvest plus spawning population) and ocean fishery harvest data from British Columbia, Washington, Oregon and California, were analyzed under twelve scenarios involving different combinations of ocean fishery harvest and hatchery production. Chinook salmon terminal run results were used as input to the Southern Resident killer whale population dynamics model to evaluate the whale population response to varying levels of prey availability. Two covariates were chosen for the Chinook salmon time-series analysis: reduction in ocean fishery harvest and reduction in hatchery production. The primary response variable chosen for this analysis was Chinook salmon terminal run, although ocean fishery harvest and Chinook salmon total abundance were also evaluated. Linear regression was used to evaluate the influence that reductions in ocean harvest and hatchery production have on the relative absolute change in Chinook salmon terminal run, fishery harvest, and total abundance between the status quo and each scenario. A Mann-Whitney Test was used to determine trends between early and late periods in the Chinook salmon time-series. Results of this study indicate significant interactions between covariate and response variables, revealing that reduction in ocean fishery harvest explains the amount of Chinook salmon in the terminal run to a weak degree, while the reduction in hatchery production explains the amount of Chinook salmon in the terminal run to a moderate degree. Although percent reduction calculations showed decreasing ocean harvest as hatchery production decreased, the linear regression showed that percent reduction in hatchery production does not explain the amount of Chinook salmon ocean fishery harvest. The ocean fishery harvest reduction percentage weakly explains the Chinook salmon fishery harvest. In addition, reduction in hatchery production explains the total abundance of Chinook salmon in the ocean to a weak degree, while ocean harvest reduction explains the total abundance of Chinook salmon in the ocean to a moderate degree. Results also indicate a significant decrease in fishery impacts from an early time period (1984-1997) to a late time period (1998-2011), while no significant difference was demonstrated between the two timeframes for terminal run and total abundance. Southern Resident killer whale modeling results revealed that all of the Chinook salmon scenarios (terminal run data) resulted in a positive Southern Resident killer whale population growth response. However, statistical analysis between scenarios indicated no significant difference in the Southern Resident killer whale population growth over a 10-year projection. These results have value to fishery managers with regard to potential modifications to Chinook salmon ocean fishing harvest and hatchery production that may result in a greater prey base for the Southern resident killer whale population. Identification of the Chinook salmon populations most important as prey to Southern resident killer whale could focus natural/wild Chinook salmon population restoration and hatchery reform efforts with the target of increasing the numbers of Chinook salmon produced in those important watersheds. Chinook salmon management decisions directed at changing the focus of hatchery operations to support naturally spawning populations and improving freshwater habitats to support natural/wild spawning Chinook salmon populations may provide more prey over the long-term for Southern resident killer whale than management actions directed at further restrictions on the commercial ocean Chinook salmon fishery. However, based on prior research (Ward et al. 2013) and the results of this study, Chinook salmon management practice involving a complete closure of the ocean fishery while maintaining current levels of hatchery production may produce a higher likelihood that the Southern Resident killer whale population would reach their recovery target.
Download or read book Identification of Habitats of Special Importance to Resident Killer Whales Orcinus Orca Off the West Coast of Canada written by and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 12 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Space Use Patterns and Population Trends of Southern Resident Killer Whales Orcinus Orca in Relation to Distribution and Abundance of Pacific Salmon Oncorhynchus Spp in the Inland Marine Waters of Washington State and British Columbia written by Shannon Marie McCluskey and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 368 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Approaches to Understanding the Cumulative Effects of Stressors on Marine Mammals written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2017-05-04 with total page 147 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Marine mammals face a large array of stressors, including loss of habitat, chemical and noise pollution, and bycatch in fishing, which alone kills hundreds of thousands of marine mammals per year globally. To discern the factors contributing to population trends, scientists must consider the full complement of threats faced by marine mammals. Once populations or ecosystems are found to be at risk of adverse impacts, it is critical to decide which combination of stressors to reduce to bring the population or ecosystem into a more favorable state. Assessing all stressors facing a marine mammal population also provides the environmental context for evaluating whether an additional activity could threaten it. Approaches to Understanding the Cumulative Effects of Stressors on Marine Mammals builds upon previous reports to assess current methodologies used for evaluating cumulative effects and identify new approaches that could improve these assessments. This review focuses on ways to quantify exposure-related changes in the behavior, health, or body condition of individual marine mammals and makes recommendations for future research initiatives.
Download or read book Washington State Status Report for the Killer Whale written by Gary J. Wiles and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 126 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
