Download or read book Cuantificaci n de emisiones de CO2 por consumo de le a written by Edwin Amir Briceño Contreras and published by Ewe Editorial Acad MIA Espa Ola. This book was released on 2013 with total page 120 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: La lena es el principal combustible utilizado en hogares rurales y urbanos de Mexico. El uso mas comun se da a nivel domestico, para la coccion de alimentos y tambien en la pequena industria. Los altos indices de gases de efecto invernadero que se liberan, provocan que la temperatura en la atmosfera este aumentando, lo que provoca efectos naturales mas agresivos de los que se presentaban en tiempos anteriores. El presente trabajo analizo la concentracion de CO2 liberado a la atmosfera por consumo de lena en las comunidades rurales de Durango a traves de la metodologia IPPC-1996 y sirvan de base para proponer medidas de mitigacion en el estado de Durango. Se presenta el numero de habitantes que consumen lena, la cantidad de lena consumida y el numero de localidades rurales en el estado de Durango que consumen este combustible. Asimismo, se contribuye a tener un inventario por consumo de biomasa muerta en forma de lena que puede ser util para las instancias de gobierno, investigacion y educacion. Tambien, se presenta un estudio detallado por tipo de vegetacion sobre el consumo de lena a nivel municipal y UMAFOR y se da a conocer la contribucion del consumo de lena en el sector rural"
Download or read book Huella de Carbono written by César Espíndola and published by Editorial Universidad de La Serena. This book was released on 2018 with total page 146 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: La huella de carbono (HdC) es uno de los indicadores más exitosos orientados a cuantificar emisiones de gases de efecto invernadero. Se trata de un indicador, relativamente reciente, pero sobre el que existe una abundante literatura producida, mayoritariamente, en los últimos diez años. La existencia de diferentes definiciones, metodologías y enfoques hacen necesarios trabajos que analicen, expliquen y difundan un concepto simple y, al mismo tiempo, complejo. El libro que tiene en sus manos, escrito por los académicos e investigadores César A. Espíndola y José O. Valderrama responde a una necesidad no cubierta para una buena parte de la población del planeta, que todavía desconoce el indicador y sus características. Al mismo tiempo, busca promover la aplicación del indicador en un contexto, el Latinoamericano, donde su aplicación está en las fases iniciales. Todos podemos contribuir al diseño de estrategias orientadas a reducir las emisiones de gases de efecto invernadero que generamos. El éxito de estas estrategias depende, en parte, de la cuantificación veraz y precisa de los resultados de las medidas adoptadas. En este contexto, son necesarios indicadores precisos que contribuyan a esta labor. La contribución al cambio climático ha sido desigual y son los habitantes de los países más industrializados los que más han contribuido al aumento de la temperatura global. En todo caso, se trata de un fenómeno global porque nos afecta a todos y porque todos podemos aportar para limitar sus efectos.
Download or read book An lisis de las emisiones gaseosas originadas por el aeropuerto de Sabadell written by Elena Jurado Cojo and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: En el proyecto se realiza el cálculo y análisis de las emisiones de contaminantes atmosféricos generadas por la actividad del aeropuerto de Sabadell en dos grandes ámbitos: las emisiones debidas a las operaciones de las aeronaves y las causadas por el tráfico de vehículos que se desplaza al aeropuerto. Se han tenido en consideración los contaminantes tratados, por su importancia y disponibilidad de datos de partida, en los inventarios de emisiones del transporte rodado y aéreo: CO, COV, partículas, NOx y CO2. Para realizar el análisis, se ha distinguido los contaminantes primarios CO, COV, partículas, SO2 y NOx, del CO2, gas de efecto invernadero. El cálculo de las emisiones atmosféricas de cada uno de los dos modos de transporte, se ha estructurado en 4 grandes apartados: aspectos generales, análisis de las metodologías de cálculo de emisiones existentes, actividad del aeropuerto de Sabadell referente al modo de transporte considerado y resultados de emisiones después de aplicar la metodología de cálculo al caso concreto del aeropuerto. En el primer apartado, se tratan aspectos generales de las emisiones: caracterización de los contaminantes emitidos, dependencia de los parámetros que afectan la cantidad emitida, legislación y medidas de reducción de emisiones. A continuación, se analiza las metodología más adecuada para el cálculo de emisiones generadas por la actividad del aeropuerto. Tanto para el tráfico de aeronaves como para el rodado, se ha empleado la descrita en MEET (Methodologies for Estimating Air Pollutant Emissions from Transport, 1998). Según MEET, las emisiones de ambas fuentes se obtienen a partir del producto de un factor de emisión (FEaeronaves [kg contaminante/kg combustible], FEvehículos [kg contaminante/km recorridos]), distinto para cada contaminante y categoría de aeronave o vehículo, y un factor de actividad (FA). El factor de actividad se expresa en kilogramos de combustible consumido, en el caso de las aeronaves, o en kilómetros recorridos, en el caso de los vehículos. Es función, pues, de los movimientos realizados por ambos modos de transporte. Para poder aplicar MEET a las condiciones particulares del aeropuerto de Sabadell, es necesario realizar un exhaustivo trabajo de campo, así como un análisis de la actividad del mismo, para determinar el factor de actividad. En el caso de las aeronaves, se ha tenido acceso a un registro detallado de los movimientos de aeronaves, suministrado por la Torre de Control. Así pues se ha podido realizar un análisis exhaustivo del factor actividad de este medio de transporte, en cuatro días representativos del año 1999, suficientemente espaciados a lo largo del tiempo. Sin embargo al ser las emisiones de las aeronaves un tema reciente y poco tratado, sobretodo en el caso de las VFR (aproximación visual, la que tiene lugar en el aeropuerto de Sabadell), los factores de emisión son confusos y de precisión cuestionable. La metodología disponible está aún en las primeras etapas del camino para cuantificar de forma precisa la influencia de todos los parámetros en las emisiones de aeronaves. Para el tráfico rodado sucede la situación inversa. Se poseen datos poco exactos, basados en un trabajo de campo visual, exhaustivo, pero de poca extensión temporal (referentes a tres días base del mes de junio de 1999: un laborable, un sábado y un domingo), debido a la duración real de la realización proyecto. El rango de destinos de los automóviles que acceden al aeropuerto es mayor y difícil de contabilizar. Sin embargo, los factores de emisión y la metodología de cálculo están asentados, globalizados (no hay discrepancias entre Europa y Estados Unidos) y a un mayor nivel de detalle que en las aeronaves. Una vez determinados todos los datos de partida para obtener los resultados, se ha procedido al cálculo de emisiones de las aeronaves del aeropuerto de Sabadell en un día promedio de cuatro días representativos del año 1999 (la variabilidad de movimientos no permite diferenciar entre laborables, sábados y domingos), así como ciclos de emisiones diarios, horarios y mensuales. En cambio, el cálculo de emisiones de vehículos se ha realizado para un día laborable, un sábado y un domingo. En ambos modos de transporte, se han determinado las emisiones totales en 1999 y se ha analizado la contribución de cada categoría de transporte, así como de cada contaminante. Cabe destacar que en el tráfico aéreo se ha contrastado los resultados obtenidos con una primera estimación de emisiones a nivel agregado, que parte del consumo total de combustible en 1999. En último lugar, se ha analizado la repercusión de las emisiones en el entorno. Para ello, se ha estudiado los niveles de inmisión registrados los últimos años en Sabadell, la IMD (intensidad media diaria de tráfico rodado en las vías colindantes al aeropuerto) y se ha comparado la cantidad de CO2 emitida por el aeropuerto con la total emitida en Barcelona ciudad.
Download or read book Carbon Footprint Analysis written by Matthew John Franchetti and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2012-06-18 with total page 273 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The negative impacts of carbon emissions from human activities continue to dramatically reshape the environmental, political, and social landscape. These impacts coupled with cap and trade schemes iterate the importance and need to properly measure and reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Carbon Footprint Analysis: Concepts, Methods, Implementation, and Case Studies provides up-to-date technical information and practical guidance on measuring and reducing energy and GHG emissions. Presenting a comprehensive framework for carbon management, this book: Provides definitions, concepts, benefits, and background information regarding carbon footprint analyses Discusses the GHG accounting methods Outlines the general systems framework for conducting an audit Features four case studies in higher education, service, and manufacturing organizations The book includes detailed discussions of the concepts and explains how the different concepts fit together. It supplies the necessary background as well as systematic tools and procedures for organizations to measure and reduce their carbon footprints and begin to adapt to a carbon-constrained world.
Download or read book The North American Mosaic written by Commission for Environmental Cooperation (Montréal, Québec). Secretariat and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 240 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The North American Mosaic has four overarching features. First, it is, to the extent feasible, based on comparable information on the status and trends of major indicators of the state of the environment in Canada,Mexico, and the United States. Second, the report confirms that these three countries together make up an incredibly complex, dynamic, and interconnected ecosystem in which humans play a dominant and decisive role. Third, the report raises important and sometimes disquieting questions concerning the sustainability of some current trends. Finally, the report is a reminder that our economic, social, and physical well-being are utterly dependent on the life-sustaining services provided by nature. This report emphasizes the importance of developing mutually compatible economic, social, and environmental goals and policies across the three-country region.
Download or read book WORLD ENERGY OUTLOOK 2018 written by and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Traffic Congestion written by Alberto Bull and published by Santiago, Chile : United Nations, Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean. This book was released on 2003 with total page 202 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Urban Forest written by David Pearlmutter and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-02-27 with total page 362 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book focuses on urban "green infrastructure" – the interconnected web of vegetated spaces like street trees, parks and peri-urban forests that provide essential ecosystem services in cities. The green infrastructure approach embodies the idea that these services, such as storm-water runoff control, pollutant filtration and amenities for outdoor recreation, are just as vital for a modern city as those provided by any other type of infrastructure. Ensuring that these ecosystem services are indeed delivered in an equitable and sustainable way requires knowledge of the physical attributes of trees and urban green spaces, tools for coping with the complex social and cultural dynamics, and an understanding of how these factors can be integrated in better governance practices. By conveying the findings and recommendations of COST Action FP1204 GreenInUrbs, this volume summarizes the collaborative efforts of researchers and practitioners from across Europe to address these challenges.
Download or read book Developments and Innovation in Carbon Dioxide CO2 Capture and Storage Technology written by M. Mercedes Maroto-Valer and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2010-07-13 with total page 540 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Carbon dioxide (CO2) capture and storage (CCS) is the one advanced technology that conventional power generation cannot do without. CCS technology reduces the carbon footprint of power plants by capturing, and storing the CO2 emissions from burning fossil-fuels and biomass. This volume provides a comprehensive reference on the state of the art research, development and demonstration of carbon storage and utilisation, covering all the storage options and their environmental impacts. It critically reviews geological, terrestrial and ocean sequestration, including enhanced oil and gas recovery, as well as other advanced concepts such as industrial utilisation, mineral carbonation, biofixation and photocatalytic reduction. Foreword written by Lord Oxburgh, Climate Science Peer Comprehensively examines the different methods of storage of carbon dioxide (CO2) and the various concepts for utilisation Reviews geological sequestration of CO2, including coverage of reservoir sealing and monitoring and modelling techniques used to verify geological sequestration of CO2
Download or read book Quantitative X Ray Diffractometry written by Lev S. Zevin and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 389 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: One of the most important techniques for determining the atomic structure of a material is X-ray diffraction. One of the great problems of the technique, however, is the fact that only the intensity of the diffraction pattern can be measured, not its phase. The inverse problem, of determining the structure from the pattern thus contains ambiguities that must be resolved by other means. Quantitative X-ray analysis provides one way to resolve this phase problem: mixing the material in question with a material of known structure yields interferences that can be analyzed to yield the unknown phases. Invented in 1916, but little used at the time, the technique has seen a recent revival due to the development of extremely precise X-ray diffractometers coupled with powerful computers.
Download or read book Modern Shale Gas Development in the United States written by and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 116 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Climate Change Policy written by Michael Bothe and published by Eleven International Publishing. This book was released on 2005 with total page 458 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents the research results of an interdisciplinary study on climate change policies by the Enforcing Environmental Policy (EEP) Network, a project supported by the Human Dimension Potential Programme. Contributions are from highly qualified economic and legal specialists based at research institutes across Europe. The book gives answers to several questions related to the implementation of the international rules on climate change, most notably the Kyoto Protocol. It analyses ways and means to facilitate and encourage compliance with the objectives of the Kyoto Protocol. It is addressed to policy-makers, academics, business-sector and stakeholders throughout and outside Europe. Due to its interdisciplinary approach, this work is a distinctive and unique product compared to the existing literature on the subject. The effective implementation of climate protection and clean air policy requires an understanding of the political, legal and economic structures and constraints facing policy makers - and this is exactly what this book offers.
Download or read book Introduction to Thermal Analysis written by M.E. Brown and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2006-01-10 with total page 268 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: to Thermal Analysis Techniques and Applications Edited by Michael E. Brown Chemistry Department, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBLISHERS NEW YORK, BOSTON, DORDRECHT, LONDON, MOSCOW eBook ISBN: 0-306-48404-8 Print ISBN: 1-4020-0472-9 ©2004 Kluwer Academic Publishers New York, Boston, Dordrecht, London, Moscow Print ©2001 Kluwer Academic Publishers Dordrecht All rights reserved No part of this eBook may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, recording, or otherwise, without written consent from the Publisher Created in the United States of America Visit Kluwer Online at: http://kluweronline. com and Kluwer's eBookstore at: http://ebooks. kluweronline. com CONTENTS Preface to the First Edition, Chapman & Hall, London, 1988 ix About the First Edition of this Book x Preface to the Second Edition xi 1. INTRODUCTION 1. 1 Definition and History 1 1. 2 Thermal Analysis Instruments 4 References 11 2. THERMAL EVENTS 2. 1 Introduction 13 2. 2 The Solid State 13 2. 3 Reactions of Solids 14 2. 4 Decomposition of Solids 15 2. 5 Reaction with the Surrounding Atmosphere 16 2. 6 Solid-Solid Interactions 16 References 17 3. THERMOGRAVIMETRY (TG) Introduction 3. 1 19 3. 2 The Balance 19 3. 3 Heating the Sample 21 3. 4 The Atmosphere 24 3. 5 The Sample 26 3. 6 Temperature Measurement 26 3. 7 Temperature Control 28 Sample Controlled Thermal Analysis (SCTA) 29 3. 8 3. 9 Calibration 36 3. 10 Presentation of TG Data 37 3.
Download or read book Ironmaking and Steelmaking Processes written by Pasquale Cavaliere and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-09-02 with total page 461 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book describes improvements in the iron and steel making process in the past few decades. It also presents new and improved solutions to producing high quality products with low greenhouse emissions. In addition, it examines legislative regulations regarding greenhouse emissions all around the world and how to control these dangerous emissions in iron and steel making plants.
Download or read book Assessment of Carbon Footprint in Different Industrial Sectors Volume 1 written by Subramanian Senthilkannan Muthu and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2014-01-04 with total page 297 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Carbon footprint is one of the important environmental impacts, which has received greater attention from the public, government and media. It is one of the important topics of even any government’s agenda as well and every nation is trying its best to reduce its carbon footprint to the maximum possible extent. Every company would like to reduce the carbon footprint of its products and consumers are looking for the products which emit lower carbon emissions in their entire life cycle. Assessment of Carbon footprint for different products, processes and services and also carbon labelling of products have become familiar topics in the recent past in various industrial sectors. Every industry has its unique assessment and modelling techniques, allocation procedures, mitigation methods and labelling strategies for its carbon emissions. With this background, this book has been framed with dedicated chapters on carbon footprint assessment on various industrial sectors. In each chapter, details pertaining to the assessment methodologies of carbon footprint followed in a particular industry, challenges in calculating the carbon footprint, case studies of various products in that particular industry, mitigation measures to be followed to trim down the carbon footprint, recommendations for further research are discussed in detail. This first volume includes the carbon footprint assessment methodology of agricultural sector, telecommunication sector, food sector, ceramic industry, packaging industry, building and construction sector and solid waste sector.
Download or read book Green Fuels Technology written by Carlos Ricardo Soccol and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-08-10 with total page 558 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents key recent developments in biofuel policy, products, processes, patents and innovative technologies. It presents several case studies, which maximize reader insights into how innovative green energy technologies can be implemented on an industrial scale, with illustrations, photos and new approaches. It also analyzes in detail several different technological aspects of the research into and production of green fuels from the first, second and third generation, such as, bioethanol, biogas, biohydrogen, biobutanol, biofuels from pyrolysis, and discusses their economic and environmental impacts. A new source of information for engineers, technicians and students involved in production and research in the biofuels sector, this book also provides a valuable resource for industry, covering the current and future status of biofuels.
