Download or read book Crystallographic Instrumentation written by L. A. Aslanov and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 1998 with total page 334 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Innovations in crystallographic instrumentation and the rapid development of methods of diffraction measurement have led to a vast improvement in our ability to determine crystal and molecular structure. This up-to-date resource will allow the reader to harness the potential of X-ray diffraction instruments. Different sources of X-radiation used in crystallography are introduced, including synchrotron radiation, as well as a systematic review of detectors for X-rays and basic instruments for single crystal and powder diffractometry. The principles of the diffraction experiment are discussed and related to their practical application with a comparative description of different scan procedures. Diffraction data collection and processing are also reviewed and methods for error correction are described. This book will provide a useful guide for researchers and students starting in this area of science, as well as skilled crystallographers.
Download or read book Polymorphism in Molecular Crystals written by Joel Bernstein and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2002 with total page 429 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Polymorphism - the multiplicity of structures or forms - is a term that is used in many disciplines. In chemistry it refers to the existence of more than one crystal structure for a particular chemical substance. The properties of a substance are determined by its composition and by its structure. In the last two decades, there has been a sharp rise in the interest in polymorphic systems, as an intrinsically interesting phenomenon and as an increasingly important component in the development and marketing of a variety of materials based on organic molecules (e.g. pharmaceuticals, dyes and pigments, explosives, etc.). This book summarizes and brings up to date the current knowledge and understanding of polymorphism of molecular crystals, and concentrates it in one comprehensive source. The book will be an invaluable reference for students, researchers, and professionals in the field.
Download or read book Polymorphism in Molecular Crystals 2e written by Joel Bernstein and published by International Union of Crystal. This book was released on 2020-05-14 with total page 602 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Most people are familiar with the fact that diamond and graphite are both composed only of carbon; yet they have very different properties which result from the very different structures of the two solids - they are polymorphs of carbon. Understanding the relationship between the structures and the properties of materials is of fundamental importance in developing and producing new materials with improved or new properties. The existence of polymorphic systems allows the direct study of the connection between structures and properties. This book provides grounding on the fundamental structural and energetic basis for polymorphism, the preparation and characterization of polymorphic substances and its importance in the specific areas of pharmaceuticals, pigments and high energy (explosive) materials. The closing chapter describes the intellectual property implications and some of the precedent patent litigations in which polymorphism has played a central role. The book contains over 2500 references to provide a ready entry into the relevant literature.
Download or read book Aperiodic Crystals written by Ted Janssen and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2018 with total page 551 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Until the 1970s all materials studied consisted of periodic arrays of unit cells, or were amorphous. A new class of solid state matter called aperiodic crystals has since been uncovered. It is a long range ordered structure, but without lattice periodicity. It is found in a wide range of materials: organic and anorganic compounds, minerals (including a substantial portion of the earths crust), and metallic alloys, under various pressures and temperatures. Because of the lack of periodicity, the usual techniques for the study of structure and physical properties no longer work, and new techniques have to be developed. This book deals with the characterisation of the structure, the structure determination and the study of the physical properties, especially dynamical and electronic properties of aperiodic crystals. The treatment is based on a description in a space with more dimensions than three, the so-called superspace. This allows us to generalise the standard crystallography and to look differently at the dynamics. The three main classes of aperiodic crystals, modulated phases, incommensurate composites and quasicrystals are treated from a unified point of view, which stresses similarities of the various systems. The book assumes as a prerequisite a knowledge of the fundamental techniques of crystallography and the theory of condensed matter, and covers the literature at the forefront of the field. Since the first edition of this book in 2007, the field of aperiodic crystals has developed considerably, with the discovery of new materials and new structures. Progress has been made in structure determination, in the interpretation and understanding of the structural characteristics and in the calculation of electrons and phonons. This new edition reflects these new developments, and it includes discussions of natural quasicrystals, incommensurate magnetic and multiferroic structures, photonic and mesoscopic quasicrystals. The second edition also includes a number of new exercises that give the reader an opportunityt to check their understanding of the material.
Download or read book Incommensurate Crystallography written by Sander van Smaalen and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 2007-06-07 with total page 283 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book fully describes the structures and symmetries of incommensurately modulated crystals and composite crystals. It provides a complete presentation of crystallographic methods of structural analysis in incommensurate crystals, providing the necessary background for a skilled application of superspace methods to aperiodic crystals.
Download or read book Phasing in Crystallography written by Carmelo Giacovazzo and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 2014 with total page 433 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book describes phasing techniques in modern crystallography. The main text is dedicated to their simple description, and further mathematical details are contained in the appendices. Practical aspects are described for each specific method, making it a useful tool for the daily work of practising crystallographers.
Download or read book Fundamentals of Crystallography written by Carmelo Giacovazzo and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 2002 with total page 860 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In recent years crystallographic techniques have found applications in a wide range of subjects, and these applications in turn have led to exciting developments in the field of crystallography itself. This completely revised text offers a rigorous treatment of the theory and describes experimental applications in many fields: crystal symmetry, crystallographic computing, X-ray diffraction, crystal structure solution, mineral and inorganic crystal chemistry, protein crystallography, crystallography of real crystals, and crystal physics. A set of pedagogical tools on CD-ROM has been added to this new edition.
Download or read book Neutron Protein Crystallography written by Nobuo Niimura and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2011-02-17 with total page 250 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is one of the first books dedicated to the emerging field of neutron protein crystallography (NPC). The text covers all of the practical aspects of NPC, from the basic background of neutron scattering and diffraction, to the technical details of neutron facilities, growth of high-quality crystals, and data analysis. The final chapter is devoted to providing many examples of using NPC to investigate a wide range of different proteins. It demonstrates how NPC can explore hydrogen bonds, protonation and deprotonation of amino acid residues, hydration structures, and hydrogen-to-deuterium exchange ratios. To avoid redundancy with other textbooks on X-ray protein crystallography (XPC), this book assumes a familiarity with the basics of XPC and strives to highlight and explain the differences between XPC and NPC. It is therefore especially useful for X-ray protein crystallographers who are eager to have a sound, scientific basis for judging if NPC is the right technique for furthering their experimental programs.
Download or read book 26th Annual Conference of the German Crystallographic Society March 5 8 2018 Essen Germany written by and published by Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. This book was released on 2018-03-05 with total page 146 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Zeitschrift für Kristallographie. Supplement Volume 38 presents the complete Abstracts of all contributions to the 26th Annual Conference of the German Crystallographic Society in Essen (Germany) 2018: - Plenary Talks - Microsymposia - Poster Session Supplement Series of Zeitschrift für Kristallographie publishes Abstracts of international conferences on the interdisciplinary field of crystallography.
Download or read book Crystallography of Modular Materials written by Giovanni Ferraris and published by OUP Oxford. This book was released on 2004-03-25 with total page 384 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is the first book to provide a comprehensive treatment of theories and applications in the rapidly expanding field of the crystallography of modular materials. Molecules are the natural modules from which molecular crystalline structures are built. Most inorganic structures, however, are infinite arrays of atoms and some kinds of surrogate modules, e.g. co-ordination polyhedra, are usually used to describe them. In recent years the attention has been focused on complex modules as the basis for a systematic description of polytypes and homologous/polysomatic series (modular structures). This representation is applied to the modelling of unknown structures and understanding nanoscale defects and intergrowths in materials. The Order/Disorder (OD) theory is fundamental to developing a systematic theory of polytypism, dealing with those structures based on both ordered and disordered stacking of one or more layers. Twinning at both unit-cell and micro-scale, together with disorder, causes many problems, "demons", for computer-based methods of crystal structure determination. This book develops the theory of twinning with the inclusion of worked examples, converting the "demons" into useful indicators for unravelling crystal structure. In spite of the increasing use of the concepts of modular crystallography for characterising, understanding and tailoring technological crystalline materials, this is the first book to offer a unified treatment of the results, which are spread across many different journals and original papers published over the last twenty years.
Download or read book The Basics of Crystallography and Diffraction written by Christopher Hammond and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 2015 with total page 539 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Crystallography and diffraction are widely used throughout science for studying structure. The aim of this book is to show, through relevant examples and without relying on complex mathematics, that the basic ideas behind crystallography and diffraction are simple and easily comprehensible.
Download or read book Structural Crystallography of Inorganic Oxysalts written by Sergey V. Krivovichev and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2009 with total page 323 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Inorganic oxysalts are chemical compounds that contain oxygen - the most abundant element in the Earth's core. This book is the first systematic survey of structures of inorganic oxysalts considered from the viewpoint of modern scientific methods of description and visualization of complex atomic arrangements.
Download or read book 27th Annual Conference of the German Crystallographic Society March 25 28 2019 Leipzig Germany written by and published by Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. This book was released on 2019-03-18 with total page 134 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Zeitschrift für Kristallographie. Supplement Volume 39 presents the complete Abstracts of all contributions to the 27th Annual Conference of the German Crystallographic Society in Leipzig (Germany) 2019: - Plenary Talks - Microsymposia - Poster Session Supplement Series of Zeitschrift für Kristallographie publishes Abstracts of international conferences on the interdisciplinary field of crystallography.
Download or read book Joint Polish German Crystallographic Meeting February 24 27 2020 Wroc aw Poland written by and published by Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. This book was released on 2020-02-24 with total page 134 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Zeitschrift für Kristallographie. Supplement Volume 40 presents the complete Abstracts of all contributions to the Joint Polish-German Crystallographic Meeting in Wroclaw (Poland) 2020: - Plenary Talks - Microsymposia - Poster Session Supplement Series of Zeitschrift für Kristallographie publishes Abstracts of international conferences on the interdisciplinary field of crystallography.
Download or read book Symmetry Relationships between Crystal Structures written by Ulrich Müller and published by OUP Oxford. This book was released on 2013-04-04 with total page 349 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In crystal chemistry and crystal physics, the relations between the symmetry groups (space groups) of crystalline solids are of special importance. Part 1 of this book presents the necessary mathematical foundations and tools: the fundamentals of crystallography with special emphasis on symmetry, the theory of the crystallographic groups, and the formalisms of the needed crystallographic computations. Part 2 gives an insight into applications to problems in crystal chemistry. With the aid of numerous examples, it is shown how crystallographic group theory can be used to make evident relationships between crystal structures, to set up a systematic order in the huge amount of known crystal structures, to predict crystal structures, to analyse phase transitions and topotactic reactions in the solid state, to understand the formation of domains and twins in crystals, and to avoid errors in crystal structure determinations. A broad range of end-of-chapter exercises offers the possibility to apply the learned material. Worked-out solutions to the exercises can be found at the end of the book.
Download or read book Macromolecular Crystallography Part C written by Charles W. Carter Jr. and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2003-12-15 with total page 405 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Accurate molecular structures are vital for rational drug design and for structure-based functional studies directed toward the development of effective therapeutic agents and drugs. Crystallography can reliably predict structure, both in terms of folding and atomic details of bonding. * Methodological methods in crystals* Methodological methods data analysis
Download or read book Crystal Structure Analysis written by Alexander J Blake and published by OUP Oxford. This book was released on 2009-06-18 with total page 408 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This text focuses on the practical aspects of crystal structure analysis, and provides the necessary conceptual framework for understanding and applying the technique. By choosing an approach that does not put too much emphasis on the mathematics involved, the book gives practical advice on topics such as growing crystals, solving and refining structures, and understanding and using the results. The technique described is a core experimental method in modern structural chemistry, and plays an ever more important role in the careers of graduate students, postdoctoral and academic staff in chemistry, and final-year undergraduates. Much of the material of the first edition has been significantly updated and expanded, and some new topics have been added. The approach to several of the topics has changed, reflecting the book's new authorship, and recent developments in the subject.
