Download or read book Crystal Growth and Optical Characterisation of Crystalline Lasers for the Near infrared Region written by Michael Antonio Scott and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Growth and Optical Characterisation of Novel Crystals for Applications in Lasers and Non linear Optics written by Xiaoding Qi and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Physics of Laser Crystals written by Jean-Claude Krupa and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 260 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Physics of laser crystals has been constantly developing since the invention of the laser in 1960. Nowadays, more than 1500 wide-band-gap and semiconductors crystals are suitable for the production of the laser effect. Different laser devices are widely used in science, medicine and communication systems according to the progress achieved in the development of laser crystal physics. Scintillators for radiation detection also gained benefit from these developments. Most of the optically active materials offer laser radiations within the 500 to 3000 nm region with various quantum efficiency which fit the usual applications. However, new crystals for laser emissions are needed either in the blue, UV and VUV - region or far IR- region, especially for medicine, computer microchip production and for undiscovered practical uses. Scientific problems of the growth and properties of laser crystals are discussed in numerous books and scientific journals by many scientists working in the field. Therefore, we thought that joint discussions of the scientific and technical problems in laser physics will be useful for further developments in this area. We have proposed to held a Workshop on Physics of Laser Crystals for attempting to induce additional advances especially in solid state spectroscopy. This NATO Advanced Research Workshop (ARW) was hold in Kharkiv • Stary Saltov th nd (Ukraine) on august 26 - September 2 , 2002, and was mainly devoted to the consideration 0 f modem approaches and Iast results in physics of laser crystals.

Download or read book Laser Crystals written by A. A. Kaminskii and published by Springer. This book was released on 2013-12-19 with total page 470 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The greatest reward for an author is the feeling of satisfaction he gets when it becomes clear to him that readers find his work useful. After my book appeared in the USSR in 1975 I received many letters from fellow physicists including colleagues from Western European countries and the USA. Some of those letters, as well as official reviews of the book, made specific sug gestions for improving the book. The satisfaction I derived from all those kind and warm responses gave me the determination to continue work on the book in order to fulfill these wishes in the next edition. This possibility arose when one of the scientific editors from Springer-Verlag, Heidelberg, H. Latsch, who is the founder of the well-known series of quasi-monographs "Topics in Applied Physics", visited our Institute and suggested an English edition of my book. For all this, and for his subsequent help, I am sincerely thankful. I consider it my pleasant duty also to express my gratitude to the American physicist H. F. Ivey, who served as scientific editor of the trans lation. The English version of the book retains the structure of the Russian edition, though it is supplemented with many new data in the tables and figures. It reflects trends in the development of the physics and spectroscopy of laser crystals in recent years.

Download or read book Selected Papers on Laser Crystal Growth written by Robert Uhrin and published by SPIE-International Society for Optical Engineering. This book was released on 2000 with total page 626 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: SPIE Milestones are collections of seminal papers from the world literature covering important discoveries and developments in optics and photonics.

Download or read book Laser Crystals written by Alexander A. Kaminskii and published by Springer. This book was released on 2013-06-29 with total page 475 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: It was a greatest pleasure for me to learn that Springer-Verlag wished to produce a second edition of my book. In this connection, Dr. H. Lotsch asked me to send hirn a list of misprints, mistakes, and inaccuracies that had been noticed in the first edition and to make corresponding corrections without disturbing the layout or the typo graphy too much. I accepted this opportunity with alacrity and, moreover, found some free places in the text where I was able to insert some concise, up-to-date information about new lasing compounds and stimulated emission channels. It was also possible to increase the number of reference citations. The reader of the second edition hence has access to more complete data on insulating laser crystals. However, sections on laser-crystal physics have not been updated, because a satisfactory de scription of the progress made in the last ten years in this field would have required the sections to be extended enormously or even a new book to be written. Moscow, July 1989 ALEXANDER A. KAMINSKII Preface to the First Edition The greatest reward for an author is the feeling of satisfaction he gets when it becomes c1ear to hirn that readers find his work useful. After my book appeared in the USSR in 1975 I received many letters from fellow physicists inc1uding colleagues from Western European countries and the USA.

Download or read book Crystalline Lasers written by Alexander Kaminskii and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2020-09-10 with total page 586 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: By the end of the 1970s, crystalline lasers were widely used in science, engineering, medicine, and technology. The types of lasers used have continued to grow in number to include newly discovered crystalline hosts, previously known compounds generating at other spectral wavelengths, and broadband tunable stimulated emission. This has led to the creation of an extremely promising new generation of crystalline lasers that are both highly efficient and more reliable. The major part of this book is devoted to describing multilevel operating laser schemes for stimulated emission excitation in insulating crystals doped with lanthanide ions. The first part of Crystalline Lasers deals with the history of the physics and spectroscopy of insulating laser crystals. The chapters in the second part of the book present results from the study of Stark-energy levels of generating ions in laser crystals and their radiative and nonradiative intermanifold transition characteristics. This section includes extensive tabular data and reference information. Popular and novel operating schemes of crystalline lasers are covered in Part 3. In the chapters in the fourth part of the book, the newest technologies in the physics and engineering of crystalline lasers are considered. The results of investigations into laser action under selective excitations, miniature crystalline lasers, and the properties of nonlinear activated laser crystals are presented and analyzed. Crystalline Lasers summarizes and reviews the results of many years of research and studies of activator ions and multilevel operating laser schemes, and discusses exciting prospects of using these systems to create new types of crystalline lasers. This book will be of use to laser scientists and engineers, physicists, and chemical engineers.

Download or read book Ferroelectric Crystals for Laser Radiation Control written by A. M. Prokhorov and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 1990 with total page 476 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Laser radiation is used in many ways; to stimulate thermonuclear reactions, to cut glass, to grow crystals & to obtain three dimensional images possessing electro-optic & optical nonlinear properties are used. The crystals widely used at present are of high optical quality & find wide applications but they possess comparatively low electro-optic & nonlinear coefficients. In recent years ferroelectric single crystals of niobates & tantalates of alkali-earth methods have been synthesised & studied in details. These appear to possess high electro-optic, piezoelectric, pyroelectric & nonlinear properties making these crystals ideal for use in device modulation declination & conversion of laser radiation frequency Because of the wide applications of these crystals it is important to fully understand the growth technology. This book presents the basic physical & chemical properties of single crystals of these compounds, gives a brief description of the growth techniques & the various aspects of their application in quantum electronics & nonlinear optics.

Download or read book Design and Discovery of High Performance Nonlinear Optical Crystals for Laser Applications written by Jingyang He and published by . This book was released on 2023 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nonlinear optics (NLO) has had a remarkable impact on both fundamental science and technological applications thanks to their ability to convert one frequency to another of interest via combining or splitting photons. Through the NLO interactions, we can obtain a tunable spectrum, and the different lights generated are critical to a number of civil and military applications. For example, second harmonic generation (SHG) is a second-order NLO effect that combines two identical photons into one photon with twice the frequency. In addition, nonlinear optics is still the primary approach for generating entangled photons for quantum optics through the process of spontaneous parametric down-conversion (SPDC), which can be considered as a reverse process of SHG. However, the current challenge the NLO community faces is the lack of high-performance NLO single crystals, which is more severe in the infrared and ultraviolet regions. Developing new NLO crystals superior to the currently available materials is not an easy task because there are many competing demands on NLO crystals: high nonlinear coefficients, broad transparency range, large laser damage threshold (LDT), low optical absorption, phase-matchability of the NLO process for high-efficiency conversion, and the ability to grow large high-quality single crystals. The major obstacle is finding the balance between bandgap and nonlinearity: having a large bandgap generally leads to high LDT but small nonlinear coefficients. In this dissertation, several promising infrared and ultraviolet NLO crystals are explored and evaluated as future NLO candidates for practical applications. This dissertation in designing and discovering novel NLO materials aims to address these technological challenges. The central goal of this dissertation is to synthesize the promising NLO single crystals and perform optical characterization to show they exhibit high second-order NLO coefficients combined with large bandgaps for generating a broadband electromagnetic spectrum using nonlinear optics. This involves a number of different disciplines, including chemistry, physics, and materials science. Five promising NLO materials were identified and proven applicable for infrared laser systems. [gamma]-NaAs1-xSbxSe2 (x=0 or 0.05) described in Chapter 3 exhibits the highest non-resonant SHG coefficient among all known materials. They consist of one-dimensional (1D) infinite [(Sb/As)Se2]- chains aligned along the a-axis. In general, low dimensional microscopic structure (1D chains in this case) within a 3D crystal lattice can give rise to relatively flat bands and high density of states (DOS), which is beneficial for having large birefringence (the difference in refractive indices in different orientations, required for phase matching), large refractive indices and large non-resonant SHG nonlinear susceptibility. Large [gamma]-NaAs1-xSbxSe2 single crystals have been successfully synthesized, and giant SHG coefficients of d11 = 577 ± 60 pm V-1 and 648±74 pm V-1 were extracted for [gamma]-NaAsSe2 and [gamma]-NaAs0.95Sb0.05Se2 respectively, surpassing the commercial NLO crystal AgGaSe2 by over eighteen times. To understand the origin of the superior optical properties and develop the structure-property relationships, we further correlated the giant SHG coefficient with the crystallographic and electronic structure in collaboration with the first principles theory group from Northwestern University. In the case of [gamma]-NaAsSe2, we found it shows relatively flat bands, providing abundant excitation routes and large dipole transition matrix elements, which enhances both resonant and non-resonant linear and nonlinear susceptibilities. The lone pair electrons on the Se and As atoms contribute to the optical anisotropy and are the origin of the higher linear and nonlinear optical response in the [100] direction. This provides not only an understanding of the origin of the excellent optical performance but also guidance for future NLO crystal design and discovery. Moreover, the superior properties make this family a promising system for high-efficient laser applications. Chapter 4 describes a chalcophosphate crystal SnP2S6, which is a promising infrared NLO crystal. Large single crystals with dimensions up to 5mm were synthesized using the chemical vapor transport method. It consists of a chiral and layered atomic arrangement. The low dimensional microscopic units (2D layers) also give rise to large birefringence and SHG response, similar to [gamma]-NaAs1-xSbxSe2. Through optical SHG polarimetry, I extracted its complete NLO tensor and found a huge non-resonant SHG coefficient of d33=53 ± 6.4 pm V-1, much higher than AgGaSe2. In addition, it can be Type I and Type II phase-matched with high effective d of 20.4 pm V-1 and 15.2 pm V-1 respectively, promising for efficient frequency conversion. It also has a high LDT value, over three times better than the benchmark crystal ZnGeP2. These outstanding properties make SnP2S6 a promising bulk NLO crystal for high-power infrared lasers. A metal pnictide with the chalcopyrite structure MgSiP2 is described in Chapter 5, which also shows extraordinary optical properties, promising for NLO laser applications. A new synthesis method was discovered and modified for growing the polycrystalline sample. Large single crystals were also synthesized by the modified flux growth for optical studies. Different from the above-mentioned materials, it has a 3D diamond-like structure in which the bonds show strong covalency, leading to large dipole moments and thus high SHG response. It exhibits a high SHG coefficient of 89 pm V-1, about three times larger than AgGaSe2. The calculation predicts that its SHG coefficient can be directly Type I and Type II phase-matched. It also demonstrates a giant laser damage threshold value over six times better than commercial crystal ZnGeP2. Lastly, an ultraviolet NLO crystal EuBa3B9O18, is explored as described in Chapter 6. Single crystal synthesis was reported for the first time using the floating zone method. Different from previous literature, we find it has broken inversion symmetry, making it SHG active. The complete linear and nonlinear susceptibility tensors were investigated. Further, the SHG performance is correlated with the delocalized [pi], which is highly polarizable when an electric field is applied. In summary, this dissertation discovers several excellent NLO crystals for infrared and ultraviolet laser applications and systematically investigates their optical properties necessary for commercialization. The chapters in this dissertation provide detailed information on synthesis and the optical characterization techniques used, such as ellipsometry, Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and SHG polarimetry. Structure-property relationships were developed to understand the physical properties of these crystals and aim to shed light on the NLO crystal discovery and engineering.

Download or read book Crystal Growth And Optical Properties Investigated written by S. Sursh and published by . This book was released on 2023-03-16 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Crystal growth is the process by which crystals are formed from a liquid or gas. This phenomenon occurs naturally in geological processes, but it can also be induced in the laboratory. The growth of crystals is influenced by various factors, such as temperature, pressure, and chemical composition of the solution. The crystal growth process is of great interest to scientists and engineers, as it has important applications in various fields, such as materials science, electronics, and medicine. Optical properties of crystals are also an area of interest for scientists and engineers. The term "optical properties" refers to how a crystal interacts with light. This includes its ability to absorb, transmit, reflect, and refract light. The study of optical properties is essential in the development of advanced materials for applications in photonics, solar cells, and sensors. In summary, crystal growth and optical properties are important areas of research in materials science and engineering. The growth of crystals can be controlled to produce materials with specific properties, and the study of optical properties can provide valuable information about a crystal's structure and defects. By investigating these two areas together, can develop advanced materials with tailored optical properties for a wide range of applications.

Download or read book Vapor Crystal Growth and Characterization written by Ching-Hua Su and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-01-14 with total page 226 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book describes developments in the crystal growth of bulk II-VI semiconductor materials. A fundamental, systematic, and in-depth study of the physical vapor transport (PVT) growth process is the key to producing high-quality single crystals of semiconductors. As such, the book offers a comprehensive overview of the extensive studies on ZnSe and related II-VI wide bandgap compound semiconductors, such as CdS, CdTe, ZnTe, ZnSeTe and ZnSeS. Further, it shows the detailed steps for the growth of bulk crystals enabling optical devices which can operate in the visible spectrum for applications such as blue light emitting diodes, lasers for optical displays and in the mid-IR wavelength range, high density recording, and military communications. The book then discusses the advantages of crystallization from vapor compared to the conventional melt growth: lower processing temperatures, the purification process associated with PVT, and the improved surface morphology of the grown crystals, as well as the necessary drawbacks to the PVT process, such as the low and inconsistent growth rates and the low yield of single crystals. By presenting in-situ measurements of transport rate, partial pressures and interferometry, as well as visual observations, the book provides detailed insights into in the kinetics during the PVT process. This book is intended for graduate students and professionals in materials science as well as engineers preparing and developing optical devices with semiconductors.

Download or read book Crystal Growth and Characterization of Nonlinear Optical Crystals written by Suresh Sagadevan and published by LAP Lambert Academic Publishing. This book was released on 2014-06-16 with total page 144 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The present book is aimed towards the development of NLO single crystals of p-Toluidine p-Toluenesulfonate, L-Proline Succinate, L-Arginine semicarbazide and L-lysine sulphate are exhibiting NLO property more than that of KDP, and these grown materials can be used as a better replacement for KDP to find applications in the field of opto-electronics. These crystals belong to the amino acid group, which exhibit the nonlinear optical (NLO) property remarkably. The characterization studies include single XRD analysis, UV analysis, mechanical and dielectric studies of the grown crystals. The dielectric and photoconductivity measurement were also carried out for the grown crystals to probe the nature of the conductivity. Hence, the grown crystals are to be confirmed for the single crystalline nature using XRD technique. From UV spectral analysis the required transmission range for the Second Harmonic Generation (SHG) and optical band gap have been estimated.The mechanical, dielectric, and photoconductivity studies were carried out to probe the mechanical strength and polarizability nature of the grown crystals.

Download or read book Photonic Crystals written by and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 123 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Photonic band gap materials (or photonic crystals) are periodic dielectric structures with periodicities comparable to the wavelength of light. They offer promising solutions to various scientific and technological challenges. The work in this thesis is focused on fabrication and characterization techniques for photonic crystals and the study of linear and nonlinear optical phenomena in these periodic structures. brief theoretical background of photonic band gap materials is provided in chapter 1. Chapter 2 describes a method for the fabrication of highly ordered photonic crystals by using self-assembly of colloids of dielectric spheres. In this chapter, the conditions that increase the level of perfection and the factors that give better control over the crystallization process are investigated and their theoretical interpretations are discussed. Also infiltration of a high refractive index material (GaP) into the crystals is investigated. Methods for generation of third harmonics in two different photonic crystal media are presented in chapter 3. In the first case, observation of a highly enhanced one-step, third-harmonic generation in three dimensional photonic crystals formed by close-packed polystyrene spheres in a face centered cubic arrangement, is presented. A near infrared laser beam, with a wavelength range of 1300nm-1900nm, is used as the pump source. In the second case, a strong enhancement of one-step third-harmonic generation in a one dimensional photonic crystal is presented. In this case, a near infrared laser beam is tuned to the low frequency edge of the band gap of a photonic crystal prepared from polymer dispersed liquid crystals by holographic lithography. Chapter 4 presents the results of linear and nonlinear optical studies in photonic crystal alloys which are formed by various compositions of polystyrene and polymethlymethacrylate colloidal spheres of the same size. Linear transmittance and reflectance measurements as well as third-harmonic generation experiments were conducted in these photonic crystal alloys. The observed experimental result is fitted to a calculated plot by assuming an effective dielectric constant for the colloidal spheres. In chapter 5, another promising method of fabrication of photonic crystals, holographic lithography, is described. A procedure and optimum growth parameters for the fabrication of fcc-like photonic crystals are presented. Summary and future plans related to the work in this thesis are given in the conclusions and future work section.

Download or read book Development of Ternary Chalcopyrite Crystals of High Power Mid Infrared Lasers written by and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is the final technical report for a three-year project to study growth and characterization of ZnGeP2 and CdGeAs2, and related chalcopyrite crystals. In this project, we have investigated the variety of behaviors exhibited by donors and acceptors in these nonlinear optical materials. The experimental techniques used to characterize the crystals were optical absorption, visible/near-infrared/infrared photoluminescence, electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR), electron-nuclear double resonance (ENDOR), and Hall measurements. Our industrial partner was BAE Systems (formerly Sanders) in Nashua, NH. Specific results during this project include (1) a detailed characterization of the photoinduced optical absorption in ZnGeP2, (2) a comprehensive survey of the PL, optical absorption, EPR, and ENDOR of copper acceptors in ZnGeP2, (3) an EPR, ENDOR, and optical absorption study of nickel in AgGaSe2, (4) a correlation study between PL, EPR, and optical absorption in CdGeAs2, and (5) a study of the effects of Group VI donors (S, Se) in ZnGeP2.

Download or read book Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 704 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Crystal Growth and Characterization of Advanced Materials written by A. N. Christensen and published by World Scientific Publishing Company. This book was released on 1988 with total page 568 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume contains the the Proceedings of the International School on Crystal Growth and Characterization of Advanced Materials that was held at La Habana University, Cuba, from 30 November to 10 December 1987. Lectures were delivered on various aspects of crystal growth, crystal characterization and material applications

Download or read book NASA Tech Briefs written by and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 636 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: