Download or read book Cryogens and Gases written by and published by ASTM International. This book was released on 1973 with total page 86 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Safety in the Handling of Cryogenic Fluids written by Frederick J. Edeskuty and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-11-22 with total page 239 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The importance of safety in any scientific endeavor is never in question. However, when cryogenic temperatures are involved, safety is especially important. In addition to observing the normal precautions, one must also take into account the variations of physical properties that occur at low temperatures. At these tempera tures, some properties not only exhibit large differences from their normal values but also can vary widely over a small temperature range. Before any cryogenic project is started, a thorough knowledge of the possible hazards is necessary. Only in this way can the safest operation be attained. Over the hundred-year history of cryogenic research, this has been shown to be the case. Keeping this requirement in mind is an essential ingredient in the quest for accident-free work. The past four or five decades have seen a great expansion of cryogenic technology. Cryogenic liquids, such as oxygen, nitrogen, hydrogen, and helium, have become commonly used in a number of different applications and are easily available in any part of the United States and, indeed, almost anywhere in the world. Not only are these liquids available, they have become less expensive and also available in ever larger quantities. As quantities increase, so also do the conse quences of mishaps. The future seems to hold promise of ever larger and more widespread use of the common cryogens. Thus, the importance of safety also increases as time progresses.
Download or read book Cryogenic Process Engineering written by Klaus D. Timmerhaus and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-06-29 with total page 614 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cryogenics, a term commonly used to refer to very low temperatures, had its beginning in the latter half of the last century when man learned, for the first time, how to cool objects to a temperature lower than had ever existed na tu rally on the face of the earth. The air we breathe was first liquefied in 1883 by a Polish scientist named Olszewski. Ten years later he and a British scientist, Sir James Dewar, liquefied hydrogen. Helium, the last of the so-caBed permanent gases, was finally liquefied by the Dutch physicist Kamerlingh Onnes in 1908. Thus, by the beginning of the twentieth century the door had been opened to astrange new world of experimentation in which aB substances, except liquid helium, are solids and where the absolute temperature is only a few microdegrees away. However, the point on the temperature scale at which refrigeration in the ordinary sense of the term ends and cryogenics begins has ne ver been weB defined. Most workers in the field have chosen to restrict cryogenics to a tem perature range below -150°C (123 K). This is a reasonable dividing line since the normal boiling points of the more permanent gases, such as helium, hydrogen, neon, nitrogen, oxygen, and air, lie below this temperature, while the more common refrigerants have boiling points that are above this temperature. Cryogenic engineering is concerned with the design and development of low-temperature systems and components.
Download or read book Cryogenic Safety written by Thomas J. Peterson and published by Springer. This book was released on 2019-04-26 with total page 213 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book describes the current state of the art in cryogenic safety best practice, helping the reader to work with cryogenic systems and materials safely. It brings together information from previous texts, industrial and laboratory safety polices, and recent research papers. Case studies, example problems, and an extensive list of references are included to add to the utility of the text. It describes the unique safety hazards posed by cryogenics in all its guises, including issues associated with the extreme cold of cryogenics, the flammability of some cryogenic fluids, the displacement of oxygen by inert gases boiling off from cryogenic fluids, and the high pressures that can be formed during the volume expansion that occurs when a cryogenic fluid becomes a room temperature gas. A further chapter considers the challenges arising from the behavior of materials at cryogenic temperatures. Many materials are inappropriate for use in cryogenics and can fail, resulting in hazardous conditions. Despite these hazards, work at cryogenic temperatures can be performed safely. The book also discusses broader safety issues such as hazard analysis, establishment of a safe work culture and lessons learned from cryogenic safety in accelerator labs. This book is designed to be useful to everyone affected by cryogenic hazards regardless of their expertise in cryogenics.
Download or read book Cryogenics Safety Manual written by Safety British Cryogenics Council and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2013-10-22 with total page 116 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cryogenics Safety Manual: A Guide to Good Practice, Third Edition promotes the safe application and development of low temperature engineering. The book also details the hazards involved in the operation, handling, and development of cryogenic devices. The text is divided into five chapters. Chapter 1 describes the health precautions and legislations involved in the field. Chapter 2 tackles the specific hazards and safety measures in handling and maintaining air separation plants. Chapter 3 discusses the precautions to be observed in the different procedures concerning natural gas, ethylene, and methane. Chapter 4 covers the proper safety measures and maintenance of plants and equipment designed to handle liquid and gas states of hydrogen at low temperatures, and Chapter 5 talks about the special precautions in handling helium, neon, krypton, and xenon. Chemists, physicists, engineers, and safety personnel involved in the field of cryogenics would benefit from this helpful guide.
Download or read book LIQUID CRYOGENS VOL I THEORY EQUIPMENT written by Kenneth D. Williamson and published by Springer. This book was released on 1983-05-03 with total page 208 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Cryogens and Gases written by R. W. Vance and published by . This book was released on 1973-01-01 with total page 78 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Cryogenic Data Book written by Dudley B. Chelton and published by . This book was released on 1956 with total page 140 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book A Text Book Of Cryogenics written by Valery V. Kostionk and published by Discovery Publishing House. This book was released on 2003 with total page 292 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is prepared on various sections of cryogenics: properties of cryogenic products and solid bodies at low temperatures, methods of internal cooling, heat transfer at low temperatures, gas liquefaction and separation, micro-cryogenic systems, storage and transport of cryogenic fluids, and cryogenic systems for scientific research and development. Contents: Properties of Cryogenic Products and their use, Helium Properties Superfluidity, Properties of Solid Bodies at Low Temperatures, Classification of Cryogenic Systems, Thermomechanical Processes of Internal Cooling: Throttling and Expanding, Thermomechanical Processes of Internal Cooling: Exhaust, Vapor Pump-out, Desorption, Low Literature Thermodynamics Cycles, Electromagnetic Methods of Cooling, Cooling Methods Based on Specific Properties of Helium Isotopes, Heat Transfer at Low Temperatures, Gas Liquefaction and Separation Systems, Microcryogenic Systems, Liquid and Solid-state Microcryogenic Systems, Storage and Transportation of Cryogenic Fluids, Processes in Cryogenic Vessels, Cryogenic Systems for Scientific Research.
Download or read book Cryogenic Engineering Revised and Expanded written by Thomas Flynn and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2004-11-30 with total page 912 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Written by an engineering consultant with over 48 years of experience in the field, this Second Edition provides a reader-friendly and thorough discussion of the fundamental principles and science of cryogenic engineering including the properties of fluids and solids, refrigeration and liquefaction, insulation, instrumentation, natural gas processi
Download or read book Handbook of Compressed Gases written by Compressed Gas Association, Inc. and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 713 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the field of compressed gases and related equipment, there is an expanding core of essential knowledge that people handling and using these materials should be familiar with or should know where to find. The focus ofthis book concerns the properties and the accepted means oftransportation, storage, and handlingofcompressed gases. This handbook is simultaneously intended as an overview ofthe subject and a source ofsupplementary information. It is also intended to serve as a guide to perti nent federal regulatory requirements and published standards of the Compressed Gas Association and other standards-developing organizations. The Association advises readers that the CGA technical publications remain the official statement ofpolicy on a particular matter. Reference is made throughout this text to the numerous technical publications published by the Compressed Gas Association. Some ofthese publications have been incorporated by reference into federal, state, provincial, and local regulations. Since the CGA publications are reviewed on a periodic basis, whenever the textofthis handbook conflicts with corresponding information in the CGA technical pamphlets, the most recently printed material shall take precedence.
Download or read book Separation of Gases written by W. H. Isalski and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 1989 with total page 332 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The monograph consists of ten chapters, with three basic themes. First, gas-separation technology is introduced and the sources and uses of industrial gases are described. The second part includes a description of those industries which use gas separation and an analysis of the gas-separation processes themselves. The last part describes the plant hardware and its design.
Download or read book Thermodynamic Properties of Cryogenic Fluids written by Jacob W. Leachman and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-07-30 with total page 213 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This update to a classic reference text provides practising engineers and scientists with accurate thermophysical property data for cryogenic fluids. The equations for fifteen important cryogenic fluids are presented in a basic format, accompanied by pressure-enthalpy and temperature-entropy charts and tables of thermodynamic properties. It begins with a chapter introducing the thermodynamic relations and functional forms for equations of state, and goes on to describe the requirements for thermodynamic property formulations, needed for the complete definition of the thermodynamic properties of a fluid. The core of the book comprises extensive data tables and charts for the most commonly-encountered cryogenic fluids. This new edition sees significant updates to the data presented for air, argon, carbon monoxide, deuterium, ethane, helium, hydrogen, krypton, nitrogen and xenon. The book supports and complements NIST’s REFPROP - an interactive database and tool for the calculation of thermodynamic properties of cryogenic fluids.
Download or read book Cryogens and Gases Testing Methods and Standards Development written by and published by ASTM International. This book was released on 1973 with total page 92 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book NFPA 55 written by and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Cryogenic Two Phase Flow written by N. N. Filina and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 1996-05-31 with total page 152 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cryogenic systems that involve two-phase (vapor-liquid) flows are widely used in industries such as aerospace, metallurgy, power engineering, and food production, as well as in high energy physics research. The purpose of this book is to describe characteristic features of cryogenic systems involving two-phase flow, create mathematical models of these systems, and then show how the models may be used to develop optimal designs for practical cryogenic systems. The models are examined using analytical and numerical techniques, and then the predictions are compared to experimental measurements. Since transient phenomena can produce severe and unexpected effects in cryogenic systems, the authors pay particular attention to this important topic. Examples in the book are drawn from cryogenic fluid transport, gasification, and the stabilization of superconducting magnets. Much of this work is related to the development of large Russian systems in the areas of space technology, energy research, and particle physics. This book, the first devoted solely to cryogenic two-phase flow, will be a valuable reference for cryogenic engineers and scientists.
Download or read book Safety with Cryogenic Fluids written by M. G. Zabetakis and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-07-08 with total page 162 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
