Download or read book Physics of Cryogenics written by Bahman Zohuri and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2017-11-17 with total page 728 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Physics of Cryogenics: An Ultralow Temperature Phenomenon discusses the significant number of advances that have been made during the last few years in a variety of cryocoolers, such as Brayton, Joule-Thomson, Stirling, pulse tube, Gifford-McMahon and magnetic refrigerators. The book reviews various approaches taken to improve reliability, a major driving force for new research areas. The advantages and disadvantages of different cycles are compared, and the latest improvements in each of these cryocoolers is discussed. The book starts with the thermodynamic fundamentals, followed by the definition of cryogenic and the associated science behind low temperature phenomena and properties. This book is an ideal resource for scientists, engineers and graduate and senior undergraduate students who need a better understanding of the science of cryogenics and related thermodynamics. - Defines the fundamentals of thermodynamics that are associated with cryogenic processes - Provides an overview of the history of the development of cryogenic technology - Includes new, low temperature tables written by the author - Deals with the application of cryogenics to preserve objects at very low temperature - Explains how cryogenic phenomena work for human cell and human body preservations and new medical approaches

Download or read book Helium Cryogenics written by Steven W. Van Sciver and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-02-10 with total page 487 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Twenty five years have elapsed since the original publication of Helium Cryogenics. During this time, a considerable amount of research and development involving helium fluids has been carried out culminating in several large-scale projects. Furthermore, the field has matured through these efforts so that there is now a broad engineering base to assist the development of future projects. Helium Cryogenics, 2nd edition brings these advances in helium cryogenics together in an updated form. As in the original edition, the author's approach is to survey the field of cryogenics with emphasis on helium fluids. This approach is more specialized and fundamental than that contained in other cryogenics books, which treat the associated range of cryogenic fluids. As a result, the level of treatment is more advanced and assumes a certain knowledge of fundamental engineering and physics principles, including some quantum mechanics. The goal throughout the work is to bridge the gap between the physics and engineering aspects of helium fluids to provide a source for engineers and scientists to enhance their usefulness in low-temperature systems. Dr. Van Sciver is a Distinguished Research Professor and John H. Gorrie Professor of Mechanical Engineering at Florida State University. He is also a Program Director at the National High Magnetic Field Laboratory (NHMFL). Dr. Van Sciver joined the FAMU-FSU College of Engineering and the NHMFL in 1991, initiating and teaching a graduate program in magnet and materials engineering and in cryogenic thermal sciences and heat transfer. He also led the NHMFL development efforts of the cryogenic systems for the NHMFL Hybrid and 900 MHz NMR superconducting magnets. Between 1997 and 2003, he served as Director of Magnet Science and Technology at the NHMFL. Dr. Van Sciver is a Fellow of the ASME and the Cryogenic Society of America and American Editor for the journal Cryogenics. He is the 2010 recipient of the Kurt Mendelssohn Award. Prior to joining Florida State University, Dr. Van Sciver was Research Scientist and then Professor of Nuclear Engineering, Engineering Physics and Mechanical Engineering at the University of Wisconsin-Madison from 1976 to 1991. During that time he also served as the Associate Director of the Applied Superconductivity Center. Dr. Van Sciver received his PhD in Low Temperature Physics from the University of Washington-Seattle in 1976. He received his BS degree in Engineering Physics from Lehigh University in 1970. Dr. Van Sciver is author of over 200 publications and patents in low temperature physics, liquid helium technology, cryogenic engineering and magnet technology. The first edition of Helium Cryogenics was published by Plenum Press (1986). The present work is an update and expansion of that original project.

Download or read book Cryogenic Engineering Second Edition Revised and Expanded written by Thomas Flynn and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2004-11-30 with total page 912 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Written by an engineering consultant with over 48 years of experience in the field, this Second Edition provides a reader-friendly and thorough discussion of the fundamental principles and science of cryogenic engineering including the properties of fluids and solids, refrigeration and liquefaction, insulation, instrumentation, natural gas processing, and safety in cryogenic system design.

Download or read book The Art of Cryogenics written by Guglielmo Ventura and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2010-07-07 with total page 379 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cryogenics is the study of low temperature interactions - temperatures well below those existing in the natural universe. The book covers a large spectrum of experimental cases, including basic vacuum techniques, indispensable in cryogenics. Guidance in solving experimental problems and numerous numerical examples are given, as are examples of the applications of cryogenics in such areas as underground detectors and space applications. Updated tables of low-temperature data on materials are also presented, and the book is supplemented with a rich bibliography. Researchers (graduate and above) in the fields of physics, engineering and chemistry with an interest in the technology and applications of low-temperature measurements, will find this book invaluable. - Experiments described in technical detail - Description of newest cryogenic apparatus - Applications in multidisciplinary areas - Data on cryogenic properties of new materials - Current reference review

Download or read book Cryogenics written by William E. Bryson and published by . This book was released on 1999-01-01 with total page 210 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This important book explains how and why wear resistance in metals and other materials is improved exposure to subzero or deep cold temperatures (cryogenic treatment). While cryogenics is not a recently discovered process, its benefits have not been fully exploited industry. One reason for this neglect is that, until now, there has not been a single source of information that explains how it works, and why it works. This book provides answers to these and other questions including: Which materials can be improved cryogenics? Can the increase in wear resistance be predicted? Should tools be reprocessed after resharpening? Why do in expensive tools perform like expensive ones after processing? How does cryogenics increase tool hardness? Does processing alter the appearance of parts? How can even small shops acquire inexpensive processing equipment? What is the thin film surface layer?

Download or read book Cryogenic Engineering written by Klaus D. Timmerhaus and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-11-12 with total page 379 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is a benchmark reference work on Cryogenic Engineering which chronicles the major developments in the field. Starting with an historical background, this book reviews the development of data resources now available for cryogenic fields and properties of materials. It presents the latest changes in cryopreservation and the advances over the past 50 years. The book also highlights an exceptional reference listing to provide referral to more details.

Download or read book Cryogenic Systems written by Randall F. Barron and published by . This book was released on 1966 with total page 720 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Thermodynamic Properties of Cryogenic Fluids written by Richard T. Jacobsen and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-11-22 with total page 323 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Practicing engineers and scientist will benefit from this book's presentation of the most accurate information on the subject. The equations for fifteen important cryogenic fluids are presented in a basic format, accompanied by pressure-enthalpy and temperature-entropy charts and tables of thermodynamic properties. The book is supported by ICMPROPRS - an interactive computer program for the calculation of thermodynamic properties of the cryogenic fluids - that can be downloaded from the World Wide Web.

Download or read book Cryostat Design written by J.G. Weisend II and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-08-12 with total page 293 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book enables the reader to learn the fundamental and applied aspects of practical cryostat design by examining previous design choices and resulting cryostat performance. Through a series of extended case studies the book presents an overview of existing cryostat design covering a wide range of cryostat types and applications, including the magnet cryostats that comprise the majority of the Large Hadron Collider at CERN, space-borne cryostats containing sensors operating below 1 K, and large cryogenic liquid storage vessels. It starts with an introductory section on the principles of cryostat design including practical data and equations. This section is followed by a series of case studies on existing cryostats, describing the specific requirements of the cryostat, the challenges involved and the design choices made along with the resulting performance of the cryostat. The cryostat examples used in the studies are chosen to cover a broad range of cryostat applications and the authors of each case are leading experts in the field, most of whom participated in the design of the cryostats being described. The concluding chapter offers an overview of lessons learned and summarises some key hints and tips for practical cryostat design. The book will help the reader to expand their knowledge of many disciplines required for good cryostat design, including the cryogenic properties of materials, heat transfer and thermal insulation, instrumentation, safety, structures and seals.

Download or read book Cryogenic Mixed Refrigerant Processes written by Gadhiraju Venkatarathnam and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-12-10 with total page 262 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Most conventional cryogenic refrigerators and liquefiers operate with pure fluids, the major exception being natural gas liquefiers that use mixed refrigerant processes. The fundamental aspects of mixed refrigerant processes, though very innovative, have not received the due attention in open literature in view of commercial interests. Hundreds of patents exist on different aspects of mixed refrigerant processes. However, it is difficult to piece together the existing information to choose an appropriate process and an optimum composition or a given application. The aim of the book is to teach (a.) the need for refrigerant mixtures, (b.) the type of mixtures that can be used for different refrigeration and liquefaction applications, (c.) the different processes that can be used and (d.) the methods to be adopted for choosing the components of a mixture and their concentration for different applications.

Download or read book Low Temperature Electronics written by Edmundo A. Gutierrez-D and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2000-10-25 with total page 986 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Low Temperature Electronics: Physics, Devices, Circuits, and Applications summarizes the recent advances in cryoelectronics starting from the fundamentals in physics and semiconductor devices to electronic systems, hybrid superconductor-semiconductor technologies, photonic devices, cryocoolers and thermal management. Furthermore, this book provides an exploration of the currently available theory, research, and technologies related to cryoelectronics, including treatment of the solid state physical properties of the materials used in these systems. Current applications are found in infrared systems, satellite communications and medical equipment. There are opportunities to expand in newer fields such as wireless and mobile communications, computers, and measurement and scientific equipment. Low temperature operations can offer certain advantages such as higher operational speeds, lower power dissipation, shorter signal transmission times, higher semiconductor and metal thermal conductivities, and improved digital and analog circuit performance.The computer, telecommunication, and cellular phone market is pushing the semiconductor industry towards the development of very aggressive device and integrated circuit fabrication technologies. This is taking these technologies towards the physical miniaturization limit, where quantum effects and fabrication costs are becoming a technological and economical barrier for further development. In view of these limitations, operation of semiconductor devices and circuits at low temperature (cryogenic temperature) is studied in this book.* It is a book intended for a wide audience: students, scientists, technology development engineers, private companies, universities, etc.* It contains information which is for the first time available as an all-in-one source; Interdisciplinary material is arranged and made compatible in this book* It is a must as reference source

Download or read book Cryogenics written by Allyson E. Hayes and published by . This book was released on 2010-12 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cryogenics is the study of the production of very low temperature (below -150 °C, -238 °F or 123 K) and the behaviour of materials at those temperatures. This book presents current research from across the globe in the study of cryogenics, including the effect of cryogenic treatment on microstructure and mechanical properties of light weight alloys; the application of Fiber Bragg grating sensors at cryogenic temperatures; cryogenic grinding; liquid oxygen magnetohydrodynamics; and genetic engineering techniques used to improve tolerance to cryopreservation.

Download or read book Cryogenic Process Engineering written by Klaus D. Timmerhaus and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-06-29 with total page 614 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cryogenics, a term commonly used to refer to very low temperatures, had its beginning in the latter half of the last century when man learned, for the first time, how to cool objects to a temperature lower than had ever existed na tu rally on the face of the earth. The air we breathe was first liquefied in 1883 by a Polish scientist named Olszewski. Ten years later he and a British scientist, Sir James Dewar, liquefied hydrogen. Helium, the last of the so-caBed permanent gases, was finally liquefied by the Dutch physicist Kamerlingh Onnes in 1908. Thus, by the beginning of the twentieth century the door had been opened to astrange new world of experimentation in which aB substances, except liquid helium, are solids and where the absolute temperature is only a few microdegrees away. However, the point on the temperature scale at which refrigeration in the ordinary sense of the term ends and cryogenics begins has ne ver been weB defined. Most workers in the field have chosen to restrict cryogenics to a tem perature range below -150°C (123 K). This is a reasonable dividing line since the normal boiling points of the more permanent gases, such as helium, hydrogen, neon, nitrogen, oxygen, and air, lie below this temperature, while the more common refrigerants have boiling points that are above this temperature. Cryogenic engineering is concerned with the design and development of low-temperature systems and components.

Download or read book Cryogenic Heat Transfer written by Randall F. Barron and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 1999-05-01 with total page 393 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Presents applied heat transfer principles in the range of extremely low temperatures. The specific features of heat transfer at cryogenic temperatures, such as variable properties, near critical convection, and Kapitza resistance, are described. This book includes many example problems, in each section, that help to illustrate the applications of t

Download or read book Safety in the Handling of Cryogenic Fluids written by Frederick J. Edeskuty and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-11-22 with total page 239 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The importance of safety in any scientific endeavor is never in question. However, when cryogenic temperatures are involved, safety is especially important. In addition to observing the normal precautions, one must also take into account the variations of physical properties that occur at low temperatures. At these tempera tures, some properties not only exhibit large differences from their normal values but also can vary widely over a small temperature range. Before any cryogenic project is started, a thorough knowledge of the possible hazards is necessary. Only in this way can the safest operation be attained. Over the hundred-year history of cryogenic research, this has been shown to be the case. Keeping this requirement in mind is an essential ingredient in the quest for accident-free work. The past four or five decades have seen a great expansion of cryogenic technology. Cryogenic liquids, such as oxygen, nitrogen, hydrogen, and helium, have become commonly used in a number of different applications and are easily available in any part of the United States and, indeed, almost anywhere in the world. Not only are these liquids available, they have become less expensive and also available in ever larger quantities. As quantities increase, so also do the conse quences of mishaps. The future seems to hold promise of ever larger and more widespread use of the common cryogens. Thus, the importance of safety also increases as time progresses.

Download or read book FUNDAMENTALS OF CRYOGENIC ENGINEERING written by MAMATA MUKHOPADHYAY and published by PHI Learning Pvt. Ltd.. This book was released on 2010-02-15 with total page 361 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Intended as a text for the undergraduate and postgraduate students of Chemical/Mechanical/Materials Engineering streams, this well-balanced book explains the fundamental principles and the applied aspects of cryogenic engineering. The author, with her vast and varied experience in teaching and allied fields, clearly enunciates the behaviour and various properties of common cryogenic fluids, methods of liquefaction, and separation and applications of cryogens with thermodynamic analysis for process selection. This profusely illustrated study with clear-cut diagrams and process charts, should serve not only as a textbook for students but also as an excellent reference for researchers and practising engineers on design of cryogenic refrigeration, and liquefaction and separation process plants for various applications. Key Features : Discusses various application areas of cryogenics including cryogenic propellants used in space propulsion systems. Analyzes measurement techniques for temperature, pressure, flow rate, and liquid level, and describes the unique behaviour of cryogenic fluids and materials at cryo-temperatures. Gives numerous solved problems and exercises that lay emphasis on honing the concepts discussed.

Download or read book Cryogenics written by T. H. K. Frederking and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 202 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: