Download or read book Cryogenic Optics and Detectors for Next generation Microwave Cosmology and Astrophysics Observatories written by Nicholas Flood Cothard and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Millimeter and sub-millimeter observatories provide a unique and powerful window into the origins, content, and evolution of the universe. In our current era of precision cosmology, measurements of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) yield constraints on frontier physics such as dark energy, the sum of the neutrino masses, and models of inflation. Measurements of the CMB also reveal the astrophysics of galaxy clusters and can then be used to glean information about the early universe. The early universe can also be studied with millimeter-wave observations of redshifted spectral line emissions from early star-forming galaxies during the Epoch of Reionization (EoR). A relatively new method, called spectral line intensity mapping (LIM), can be used to tomographically map the EoR. LIM observations of the EoR will reveal properties of the reionization sources and how reionization impacted the evolution of the intergalactic medium (IGM) into the large-scale structure we see today. In order to improve CMB observations and enable new LIM measurements, microwave observatories require high-throughput cryogenic optics and interferometry, and ultra-sensitive superconducting detectors. This dissertation presents developments of these technologies for three projects : the Atacama Cosmology Telescope (ACT), the CCAT-prime Observatory, and the Simons Observatory (SO). We begin with a presentation of in-situ warm spillover beam measurements of the Advanced ACT receiver, which have been used to improve the optical designs of future telescopes. We then discuss the design, models, and fabrication development of metamaterial-based, silicon-substrate, Fabry-Perot interferometers for CCAT-prime's [CII] LIM instrument. We then describe the characterization of prototype superconducting transition edge sensors (TES) for Simons Observatory including, critical temperature, saturation power, time constant, and complex impedance measurements. The dissertation concludes with a brief discussion of the cosmology and astrophysics science goals that these technologies will enable when they are deployed on microwave telescopes in the coming years.

Download or read book Next Generation Infrared Space Observatory written by S.J. Bell Burnell and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 274 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Infrared astronomy has undergone an enormous revolution during the last decade. Despite the great technical difficulties of building detectors in a cryogenic environment, the scientific advances in infrared astronomy have been astounding. In the near future many more advances can be expected from still newer developments in telescope and detector designs. High quality detector arrays and passively cooled telescopes are very promising techniques for achieving considerably larger apertures. This volume contains the refereed papers from the workshop on 'Next Generation Infrared Observatory', dealing with all new aspects of future infrared telescopes.

Download or read book Scientific Detectors for Astronomy written by P. Amico and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2006-04-18 with total page 653 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Dear Friends, It seems like it was only yesterday that we drove the last of you to the airport. The memories and the spirit of the Scientific Detectors for Astronomy Workshop (SDW2002) remain fresh and strong. For us, this was a very special event, a great gathering of what may be one of the friendliest and most cooperative technical communities on our little planet. We have tried to capture the spirit of the Workshop in these Proceedings and we hope you are able to relive your week in Hawaii. For those readers who did not attend, we invite you into this community. As you probably noticed, there is a new name on the cover: Jenna Beletic was the ace up our sleeve for these Proceedings. As a summer intern at Keck, she took up the task of organizing, proofreading, editing and formatting the papers. She also made the graphics (her artistic talents shine on pages xxxiii and xxxv), contacted authors and prepared the mountain of paperwork which goes with producing a book. Jenna’s enthusiasm at learning, her passion for the job and creativity (e. g. find 100 ways to get Paola and Jim to do their jobs) have been a motivating addition to our team of “old workshop foxes”...... and a source for a good deal of paternal pride. We are honoured to have her as a fellow editor.

Download or read book Omnidirectional Gravitational Radiation Observatory Proceedings Of The First International Workshop written by Walter Ferreira Velloso Jr and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 1997-08-12 with total page 294 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Gravitational wave detection is certainly one of the most challenging goals for today's physics. For three decades detectors have improved in sensitivity in order to confirm the existence of these waves, which are predicted by general relativity and other theories of gravitation. Besides testing these theories themselves the detection of gravitational waves will open a new window to observe the Universe — gravitational astronomy — which will be responsible for a great number of the new discoveries in physics, astrophysics and cosmology, and major technological advances in the next millennium. The last generation of detectors is under study now, and it will probably consist of several antennas sensitive to all directions, forming an “omnidirectional gravitational radiation observatory”. This book is a compilation of the papers presented at a recent workshop for this kind of observatory. It includes original works from some of the most active physicists in the field, both experimentalists and theorists, and the present status of the different detectors around the world.

Download or read book Electronic Imaging in Astronomy written by Ian S. McLean and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-08-17 with total page 576 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The second edition of Electronic Imaging in Astronomy: Detectors and Instrumentation describes the remarkable developments that have taken place in astronomical detectors and instrumentation in recent years – from the invention of the charge-coupled device (CCD) in 1970 to the current era of very large telescopes, such as the Keck 10-meter telescopes in Hawaii with their laser guide-star adaptive optics which rival the image quality of the Hubble Space Telescope. Authored by one of the world’s foremost experts on the design and development of electronic imaging systems for astronomy, this book has been written on several levels to appeal to a broad readership. Mathematical expositions are designed to encourage a wider audience, especially among the growing community of amateur astronomers with small telescopes with CCD cameras. The book can be used at the college level for an introductory course on modern astronomical detectors and instruments, and as a supplement for a practical or laboratory class.

Download or read book Optimizing the U S Ground based Optical and Infrared Astronomy System written by National Research Council (U.S.). Board on Physics and Astronomy and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: New astronomical facilities, such as the under-construction Large Synoptic Survey Telescope and planned 30-meter-class telescopes, and new instrumentation on existing optical and infrared (OIR) telescopes, hold the promise of groundbreaking research and discovery. How can we extract the best science from these and other astronomical facilities in an era of potentially flat federal budgets for both the facilities and the research grants? Optimizing the U.S. Ground-Based Optical and Infrared Astronomy System provides guidance for these new programs that align with the scientific priorities and the conclusions and recommendations of two National Research Council (NRC) decadal surveys, New Worlds, New Horizons for Astronomy and Astrophysics and Vision and Voyages for Planetary Sciences in the Decade 2013-2022, as well as other NRC reports. This report describes a vision for a U.S. OIR System that includes a telescope time exchange designed to enhance science return by broadening access to capabilities for a diverse community, an ongoing planning process to identify and construct next generation capabilities to realize decadal science priorities, and near-term critical coordination, planning, and instrumentation needed to usher in the era of LSST and giant telescopes.

Download or read book Focusing Telescopes in Nuclear Astrophysics written by Peter Ballmoos and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-11-25 with total page 488 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume is the first of its kind on focusing gamma-ray telescopes. Forty-eight refereed papers provide a comprehensive overview of the scientific potential and technical challenges of this nascent tool for nuclear astrophysics. The book features articles dealing with pivotal technologies such as grazing incident mirrors, multilayer coatings, Laue- and Fresnel-lenses - and even an optic using the curvature of space-time.

Download or read book Optical Detectors for Astronomy written by James W. Beletic and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 314 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Workshop "Optical Detectors for Astronomy" was held during October 8-10, 1996 at the headquarters of the European Southern Observatory in Garching, Germany. This was the third meeting of its kind, previous meetings being held in 1991 and 1993, but this is the first ESO "CCD Workshop" that has published proceedings. Most of the leading manufacturers and major astronomical observatories were represented, with the 117 attendees coming together from 14 different countries that spanned every continent on Earth. The motivation for the ESO CCD Workshop series is the creation of informal and open venue of information exchange about astronomical CCD detectors and systems. Judging from the reaction and feedback of the participants, the 1996 workshop was as successful as the previous editions, which is a credit to all who attended. The Workshop was organized as a mixture of invited talks, oral presentations, poster sessions and roundtable discussions, the latter used to foster a free exchange of ideas among participants. These technical sessions were complemented by an opening reception and a congenial evening in downtown Munich, which included a walking tour of the historic area followed by dinner at the famous Franziskaner brewery and an after dinner talk by Walter Kosonocky, who reviewed the history of CCD technology.

Download or read book Millimeter Submillimeter and Far infrared Detectors and Instrumentation for Astronomy VII written by and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 580 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Development of Coherent Detector Technologies for Sub Millimetre Wave Astronomy Observations written by Boon Kok Tan and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-09-15 with total page 235 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The thesis describes the development of receiver technologies for sub-millimetre astronomy instruments, focusing on high performance coherent cryogenic detectors operating close to the superconductor gap frequency. The mixer chip which comprises the SIS devices, fed by a unilateral finline and matching planar circuits was fabricated on 15 micron silicon substrate using the recently developed Silicon-On-Insulator (SOI) technology. This offered broadband IF and RF performance, with fully integrated on-chip planar circuits resulting in an easily reproducible mixer chip and a simple mixer block. An important consequence of this design is that it can be extended to the supra-THz region and making the fabrication of multi-pixel heterodyne arrays feasible. The extension of the operation of major telescopes such as ALMA, APEX and the GLT from single pixel to large format arrays is the subject of extensive research at present time since it will allow fast mapping combined with high resolution of the submillimetre sky. The technology described in this thesis makes a major contribution to this effort.

Download or read book Instrumentation for Ground Based Optical Astronomy written by Lloyd B. Robinson and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 769 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Historically, the discovery of tools, or evidence that tools have been used, has been taken as proof of human activity; certainly the invention and spread of new tools has been a critical marker of human progress and has increased our ability to observe, measure, and understand the physical world. In astronomy the tools are telescopes and the optical and electronic instruments that support them. The use of the telescope by Galileo marked the beginning of a new and productive way to study and understand the universe in which we live. The effects of this new tool on what we can see, and how we see ourselves, are well known. However, after almost four centuries of developing ever more sensitive and subtle instruments as tools for astronomy, it might have been expected that only a few minor improvements would remain to be made, or that possibly the law of diminishing returns would have taken effect. On the contrary, the new instruments and ideas for new instruments described in this book make it clear that the rate of progress has not diminished, and that this subject is still as exciting and productive as ever. Instrumentation for Ground-Based Optical Astronomy was chosen as the theme for the Ninth Santa Cruz Summer Workshop in Astronomy and Astrophysics.

Download or read book Measuring the Sunyaev Zel dovich Effects with Current and Future Observatories written by Eve Marie Vavagiakis and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Increasingly precise measurements of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) continue to shape our understanding of our universe's origin, evolution, and contents. Measurements with ground-based observatories like the Atacama Cosmology Telescope (ACT) and satellite missions such as Planck have been able to precisely constrain the 6-parameter cosmological constant (Λ) Cold Dark Matter (CDM) model of cosmology and probe the growth of structure over cosmic time. Future observatories like CCAT-prime and the Simons Observatory will produce higher signal-to-noise data sets covering large areas on the sky, which will enable unprecedented measurements of the CMB and the Sunyaev-Zel'dovich effects. This data will inform our theoretical models of galaxy evolution and feedback mechanisms, provide insight into dark energy, and constrain the sum of the neutrino masses. Pursuit of these science goals necessitates the deployment of large numbers of sensitive superconducting detectors in novel cryogenic receivers. In this thesis we present the design of a first light instrument for the Fred Young Submillimeter Telescope (FYST), Mod-Cam, which will be used to deploy the first light microwave kinetic inductance detector array for the CCAT-prime project. Mod-Cam will also serve as a single-module cryogenic testbed for Prime-Cam, the first-generation science instrument for the FYST. We discuss the cryogenic design, initial instrument modules, and science goals for the Prime-Cam receiver. Developing the superconducting detector and readout technologies for these upcoming experiments requires laboratory testing to tune the fabrication process to the required parameters. We present measurements of transition edge sensors (TESes) and superconducting films that informed the fabrication process for the Simons Observatory (SO), which will field ~70,000 TES bolometers in six spectral bands centered between 27 and 280 GHz, and CMB-S4, the future ground-based CMB project that will push measurements of the CMB to cosmic variance limits. We also measure the magnetic sensitivity of TESes and the superconducting quantum interference devices (SQUIDs) required to amplify and read out the TES signals, and discuss how these measurements inform the magnetic shielding requirements for successful deployment of the components for future observatories such as SO. Maps of the CMB from observations with ACT, which relies on AlMn TESes like the ones measured in this thesis, have been combined with data from Planck to yield maps with superior depth and resolution to either data product alone. By using these maps in conjunction with optical data from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey, we present increasingly precise measurements of the thermal and kinematic Sunyaev-Zel'dovich (SZ) effects. We compare independent estimates of halo optical depth from these effects to explore the potential for thermal SZ measurements to serve as input for the measurement of kinematic SZ pairwise velocity curves which can constrain cosmology. By probing the optical depth of these galaxy halos, we also probe their baryon content, and make progress towards defining an empirical relationship between optical depth and Compton-y. This relationship will inform simulations of galaxy evolution and enable future precise cosmological constraints.

Download or read book Space Telescopes and Instrumentation 2012 written by Mark C. Clampin and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 1856 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Proceedings of SPIE present the original research papers presented at SPIE conferences and other high-quality conferences in the broad-ranging fields of optics and photonics. These books provide prompt access to the latest innovations in research and technology in their respective fields. Proceedings of SPIE are among the most cited references in patent literature.

Download or read book A Scientific Program for Infrared Submillimeter and Radio Astronomy from Space written by and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 56 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Scientific Detectors for Astronomy 2005 written by Jenna E. Beletic and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2006-09-14 with total page 825 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The 2005 meeting in Taormina, Italy was attended by 127 professionals who develop and use the highest quality detectors for wavelengths from x-ray to sub-mm, with emphasis on optical and infrared detectors. The meeting consisted of overview talks, technical presentations, poster sessions and roundtable discussions. These proceedings capture the technical content and the spirit of the 2005 workshop. The 87 papers cover a wide range of detector technologies including CCDs, CMOS, APDs, and sub-mm detectors. There are papers on observatory status and plans, special applications, detector testing and characterization, and electronics. A special feature of these proceedings is the inclusion of pedagogical overview papers, which were written by teams of leading experts from different institutions. These proceedings are appropriate for a range of expertise levels, from undergraduates to professionals working in the field. The information presented in this book will serve as a valuable reference for many years to come. This workshop was organized by the Scientific Workshop Factory, Inc. and the INAF- Osservatorio Astrofisico di Catania.

Download or read book Development of Technologies for the Atacama Cosmology Telescope and Next Generation Cosmic Microwave Background Instruments written by Jonathan Ward and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A primary goal of modern cosmology is to obtain cosmological information and parameters from high-sensitivity measurements of the temperature and polarization of the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) radiation. These measurements will allow cosmologists to probe the many predictions made by the inflationary model of the Universe. To continue expanding the limits of CMB science, experimentalists need to develop novel technologies that will continue to improve our ability to observe the microwave sky. Paired with state of the art data analysis techniques, our understanding of the Universe will continue to grow now and for decades to come.The Atacama Cosmology Telescope (ACT) is a 6-meter diameter telescope located in the Andes Mountains of Northern Chile. Deployment of the Advanced ACTPol (AdvACT) receiver has vastly improved the capabilities of ACT. Next-generation detector arrays operating at 20, 40, 90, 150, and 240 GHz will provide the frequency coverage and detector count necessary to improve measurements of a wide range of cosmological parameters. Continuously rotating half-wave plates (HWPs) modulate the incoming polarized signal, resulting in a drastic suppression of the atmospheric 1/f noise that contaminates the ACT data at large angular scales. Finally, hardware and software upgrades to previous-generation ACTPol infrastructure have further improved the AdvACT instrument on the fronts of cryogenic performance, housekeeping data acquisition, assembly procedure, and site reliability. The design and deployment of AdvACT instrumentation is discussed in detail from Chapters 2-4, highlighting the key design changes and improvements over the ACTPol experiment. In addition to the instrumentation advances discussed above, data analysis and numerical modeling techniques provide the framework needed to extract the most information from the data gathered by the AdvACT experiment. Key efforts focused towards processing HWP data allows ACT to probe the inflationary gravitational wave signal that may lie in the low-frequency regime of the ACT data. Furthermore, simulations help predict the effects of various systematics on the raw data give a better understanding of what calibration strategies are needed to mitigate systematic effects. The software developed to accomplish these tasks is discussed in Chapters 5-6, along with the results obtained from the data when the code is implemented in the analysis pipeline. The technologies, instrumentation, and analysis techniques outlined in this paper and employed by the AdvACT experiment will continue to push ACT to the forefront of experimental cosmology research while also providing a template for future experimental efforts.

Download or read book Optical Detectors For Astronomy II written by Paola Amico and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 438 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: th The 4 ESO CCO Workshop, Optical Detectors for Astronomy, was held during September 13-16, 1999 at its usual location, the headquarters of the European Southern Observatory in Garching, Germany. We prefer to remember this workshop as a "meeting of friends", who came to Garching to visit ESO and to present their work, rather than a formal meeting. Based on our experience with the 1996 ESO CCO workshop, we deliberately put emphasis on creating an environment that encouraged the participants to stay together and informally exchange ideas. These informal events began with a tour of the BWM auto factory and continued with a reception at "SchloB Beletic", the conference dinner at a real SchloB of the Bavarian International School (where the participants enjoyed basket, baseball, table soccer, rock climbing and eventually dancing) and concluded with a tour of the Paulaner Brewery and dinner at the Seehaus in the Englisher Garten. The lunch "Biergarten", adjacent to the poster session area, was a daily meeting point. The result was a good mixture of excellent presentations and posters, collected in these Proceedings, and many occasions for people to get in touch and to have fun together, as witnessed by the selection of workshop pictures that we randomly placed between papers. This book contains a special contribution.