Download or read book Crowd Behavior Simulation of Pedestrians During Evacuation Process written by Noorhazlinda Abd Rahman and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-09-04 with total page 72 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book introduces the use of the distinct element method (DEM) in modeling crowd behavior and simulating evacuation processes. Focusing on the mathematical computation of the uncertain behavior of evacuees, which is switching action behavior, it subsequently reproduces the crowd evacuation process under several conjectural scenarios using a DEM-based multi-agent model that has been modified by introducing the switching action behavior. The proposed switching action behavior model describes a person who has to change his/her destination due to the limited space capacity of the designated evacuation area. The change in the destination of a person is determined according to the motion of other individuals in the perception domain during the defined switching action time. The switching action time is formulated in the so-called switching action function, which is described by a convolution integral of the input and unit response functions. The newly developed switching action model is then validated using sensitivity analysis in which the primary focus is the crowd motion and flow of switching action behavior.
Download or read book Pedestrian and Evacuation Dynamics 2008 written by Wolfram W. F. Klingsch and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-03-11 with total page 807 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The international conference on "Pedestrian and Evacuation Dynamics", held on February 27-29, 2008 at Wuppertal University in Germany, was the fourth in this series after successful meetings in Duisburg (2001), Greenwich (2003) and Vienna (2005). The conference was aimed at improving the scientific exchange between scientists, experts and practitioners of various fields of pedestrian and evacuation dynamics and featured: the analysis of evacuation processes and pedestrian motion, modeling of pedestrian dynamics in various situations, experiments on pedestrian dynamics, human behavior research, regulatory action. All these topics are included in this book to give a broad and state-of-the-art overview of pedestrian and evacuation dynamics.
Download or read book Pedestrian and Evacuation Dynamics 2012 written by Ulrich Weidmann and published by Springer Science & Business. This book was released on 2014-04-23 with total page 1380 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The 6th International Conference on Pedestrian and Evacuation Dynamics (PED2012) showcased research on human locomotion. This book presents the proceedings of PED2012. Humans have walked for eons; our drive to settle the globe began with a walk out of Africa. However, much remains to discover. As the world moves toward sustainability while racing to assess and accommodate climate change, research must provide insight on the physical requirements of walking, the dynamics of pedestrians on the move and more. We must understand, predict and simulate pedestrian behaviour, to avoid dangerous situations, to plan for emergencies, and not least, to make walking more attractive and enjoyable. PED2012 offered 70 presentations and keynote talks as well as 70 poster presentations covering new and improved mathematical models, describing new insights on pedestrian behaviour in normal and emergency cases and presenting research based on sensors and advanced observation methods. These papers offer a starting point for innovative new research, building a strong foundation for the next conference and for future research.
Download or read book Modeling Simulation and Visual Analysis of Crowds written by Saad Ali and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-11-22 with total page 414 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Over the last several years there has been a growing interest in developing computational methodologies for modeling and analyzing movements and behaviors of ‘crowds' of people. This interest spans several scientific areas that includes Computer Vision, Computer Graphics, and Pedestrian Evacuation Dynamics. Despite the fact that these different scientific fields are trying to model the same physical entity (i.e. a crowd of people), research ideas have evolved independently. As a result each discipline has developed techniques and perspectives that are characteristically their own. The goal of this book is to provide the readers a comprehensive map towards the common goal of better analyzing and synthesizing the pedestrian movement in dense, heterogeneous crowds. The book is organized into different parts that consolidate various aspects of research towards this common goal, namely the modeling, simulation, and visual analysis of crowds. Through this book, readers will see the common ideas and vision as well as the different challenges and techniques, that will stimulate novel approaches to fully grasping “crowds."
Download or read book Pedestrian and Evacuation Dynamics 2005 written by Nathalie Waldau and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-05-26 with total page 499 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Due to an increasing number of reported catastrophes all over the world, the safety especially of pedestrians today, is a dramatically growing field of interest, both for practitioners as well as scientists from various disciplines. The questions arising mainly address the dynamics of evacuating people and possible optimisations of the process by changing the architecture and /or the procedure.
Download or read book Simulating Crowds in Egress Scenarios written by Vinícius J. Cassol and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-12-08 with total page 109 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book describes, from a computer science viewpoint the software, methods of simulating and analysing crowds with a particular focus on the effects of panic in emergency situations. The power of modern technology impacts on modern life in multiple ways every day. A variety of scientific models and computational tools have been developed to improve human safety and comfort in built environments. In particular, understanding pedestrian behaviours during egress situations is of considerable importance in such contexts. Moreover, some places are built for large numbers of people (such as train stations and airports and high volume special activities such as sporting events). Simulating Crowds in Egress Scenarios discusses the use of computational crowd simulation to reproduce and evaluate egress performance in specific scenarios. Several case studies are included, evaluating the work and different analyses, and comparisons of simulation data versus data obtained from real-life experiments are given.
Download or read book Fractional Order Crowd Dynamics written by Kecai Cao and published by Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. This book was released on 2018-06-11 with total page 138 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book illustrates the application of fractional calculus in crowd dynamics via modeling and control groups of pedestrians. Decision-making processes, conservation laws of mass/momentum, and micro-macro models are employed to describe system dynamics while cooperative movements in micro scale, and fractional diffusion in macro scale are studied to control the group of pedestrians. Obtained work is included in the Intelligent Evacuation Systems that is used for modeling and to control crowds of pedestrians. With practical issues considered, this book is of interests to mathematicians, physicists, and engineers.
Download or read book Virtual Crowds written by Nuria Palechano and published by Morgan & Claypool Publishers. This book was released on 2008-11-08 with total page 188 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: There are many applications of computer animation and simulation where it is necessary to model virtual crowds of autonomous agents. Some of these applications include site planning, education, entertainment, training, and human factors analysis for building evacuation. Other applications include simulations of scenarios where masses of people gather, flow, and disperse, such as transportation centers, sporting events, and concerts. Most crowd simulations include only basic locomotive behaviors possibly coupled with a few stochastic actions. Our goal in this survey is to establish a baseline of techniques and requirements for simulating large-scale virtual human populations. Sometimes, these populations might be mutually engaged in a common activity such as evacuation from a building or area; other times they may be going about their individual and personal agenda of work, play, leisure, travel, or spectator. Computational methods to model one set of requirements may not mesh well with good approaches to another. By including both crowd and individual goals and constraints into a comprehensive computational model, we expect to simulate the visual texture and contextual behaviors of groups of seemingly sentient beings. Table of Contents: Introduction / Crowd Simulation Methodology Survey / Individual Differences in Crowds / Framework (HiDAC + MACES + CAROSA) / HiDAC: Local Motion / MACES: Wayfinding with Communication and Roles / CAROSA: Functional Crowds / Initializing a Scenario / Evaluating Crowds
Download or read book Pedestrian and Evacuation Dynamics written by Richard D. Peacock and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-06-29 with total page 862 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An aging population, increasing obesity and more people with mobility impairments are bringing new challenges to the management of routine and emergency people movement in many countries. These population challenges, coupled with the innovative designs being suggested for both the built environment and other commonly used structures (e.g., transportation systems) and the increasingly complex incident scenarios of fire, terrorism, and large-scale community disasters, provide even greater challenges to population management and safety. Pedestrian and Evacuation Dynamics, an edited volume, is based on the Pedestrian and Evacuation Dynamics (PED) 5th International 2010 conference, March 8th-10th 2010, located at the National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, USA. This volume addresses both pedestrian and evacuation dynamics and associated human behavior to provide answers for policy makers, designers, and emergency management to help solve real world problems in this rapidly developing field. Data collection, analysis, and model development of people movement and behavior during nonemergency and emergency situations will be covered as well.
Download or read book A Cellular Automaton Model for Crowd Movement and Egress Simulation written by Hubert Klüpfel and published by GRIN Verlag. This book was released on 2012-09-13 with total page 163 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Doktorarbeit / Dissertation aus dem Jahr 2003 im Fachbereich Verkehrswissenschaft, Universität Duisburg-Essen, Sprache: Deutsch, Abstract: The movement of crowds is a field of research that attracts increasing interest. This is due to three major reasons: pattern formation and selforganization processes that occur in crowd dynamics, the advancement of simulation techniques and hardware that enable fast and realistic simulations, and finally the growing area of potential applications (planning of pedestrian facilities, crowd management, or evacuation analysis). The field is spanning the borders of various disciplines: physiology, psychology, sociology, civil engineering, mathematics, physics, etc. It depends on the point of view which aspects are given the main focus. One approach is to reduce complexity to fundamental principles that make a mathematical (quantitative) formulation possible and at the same time are sufficiently complex to reproduce the major phenomena that can be observed in reality. The major aim of this dissertation is to define and validate a model for the simulation of evacuation processes and their analysis. To this end the analogy between non-equilibrium many particle systems and crowds is used. However, it will also become clear that this analogy is not sufficient for complex scenarios and realistic egress simulations and additional, ‘non-physical’, parameters and principles must be introduced. Even though the investigation is motivated by the applications, the dynamics of crowd movement and model properties are scrutinized. This also includes a thorough review of the data available in the literature, the calibration of the model parameters and the comparison of simulated and empirical flow-density relations. The core of any evacuation simulation is a set of rules or equations for the movement of people. This is connected to the representation of space, population, and behavior. These topics will be investigated generally (micro- vs. macroscopic, discrete vs. continuous) and especially with regard to a specific two-dimensional cellular automaton model, where the movement dynamics is based on discrete space and time. This allows an efficient implementation and therefore large scale simulations. The route-choice is done via the orientation along a discrete vector field which can in principal be derived from a discrete potential. It is therefore not explicitly simulated but taken into account in a pre-determined way, i.e., the coupling to the vector field is static (constant coupling parameter).
Download or read book Theory and Practical Issues on Cellular Automata written by S. Bandini and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 208 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book contains all full papers presented at ACRI 2000, the Fourth International Conference on Cellular Automata for Research and Industry, held at the University of Karlsruhe (Germany), 4 - 6 October, 2000. The continuation of and growing interest in research on Cellular Automata models for real world phenomena indicates the feasibility of this approach. A quick glance at the table contents of this book shows that results came from such different areas as biology, economics, physics, traffic flow and urban development. This work is complemented by contributions on the implementation and evaluation of software for Cellular Automata simulation, which is a necessary (but of course in no way sufficient) ingredient for the successful application of Cellular Automata. Applying Cellular Automata without trying to understand their behavior, in depth would be an unfortunate development. But as properties and power in earlier years it was again one of the strong points of ACRI to bring together researchers not only from different application areas but also from theory. Of course, this is reflected by the list of accepted contributions which also comprise theoretical papers and even papers which certainly belong to the intersection of several fields. Examples are the generation and recognition of geometrical patters and the influence of possible failures on the power of CA which obviously are of relevance also to applications.
Download or read book Disaster Victim Identification written by Sue Black and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2011-05-24 with total page 274 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Disaster management has become an increasingly global issue, and victim identification is receiving greater attention. By raising awareness through past events and experiences, practitioners and policymakers can learn what works, what doesn’t work, and how to avoid future mistakes. Disaster Victim Identification: Experience and Practice presents a selection of key historical incidents in the United Kingdom and includes candid discussions of potential areas for improvement in preparedness and future deployment capabilities. Real disasters and lessons learned Each chapter in the book addresses a specific disaster and covers a number of main points in relation to the incident. For each event, the book presents data such as the manpower available at the time of the disaster, the number of officers involved in the deployment, and their relevant experience at the time. Details of the disaster follow, as well as the recovery and identification methods employed, the number of fatalities and casualties, and lessons learned. The book also explores the short- and long-term effects that the disaster had on the response team and the community. Finally, each chapter examines important present-day developments in relation to the event. The book summarizes important aspects of the particular disaster in terms of legislative, moral, practical, or other contribution to the field of mass disaster planning, preparation, and deployment on a wider scale. Global input Viewing disaster management from a global perspective, this volume contains the combined input of academics, forensic specialists, trainers, and law enforcement professionals who focus on actual cases to honestly assess events and provide recommendations for improvement.
Download or read book Crowd Dynamics Volume 1 written by Livio Gibelli and published by Springer. This book was released on 2019-01-22 with total page 292 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume explores the complex problems that arise in the modeling and simulation of crowd dynamics in order to present the state-of-the-art of this emerging field and contribute to future research activities. Experts in various areas apply their unique perspectives to specific aspects of crowd dynamics, covering the topic from multiple angles. These include a demonstration of how virtual reality may solve dilemmas in collecting empirical data; a detailed study on pedestrian movement in smoke-filled environments; a presentation of one-dimensional conservation laws with point constraints on the flux; a collection of new ideas on the modeling of crowd dynamics at the microscopic scale; and others. Applied mathematicians interested in crowd dynamics, pedestrian movement, traffic flow modeling, urban planning, and other topics will find this volume a valuable resource. Additionally, researchers in social psychology, architecture, and engineering may find this information relevant to their work.
Download or read book Simulating Heterogeneous Crowds with Interactive Behaviors written by Nuria Pelechano and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2016-10-26 with total page 253 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a deep understanding of state-of-art methods for simulation of heterogeneous crowds in computer graphics. It will cover different aspects that are necessary to achieve plausible crowd behaviors. The book will be a review of the most recent literature in this field that can help professionals and graduate students interested in this field to get up to date with the latest contributions, and open problems for their possible future research. The chapter contributors are well known researchers and practitioners in the field and they include their latest contributions in the different topics required to achieve believable heterogeneous crowd simulation.
Download or read book Bodyspace written by Stephen Pheasant, Ph.D. and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2002-05 with total page 257 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This edition has been revised to bring fresh insights into the principles and practice of anthropometrics, workspace design, sitting and seating, hands and handles, ergonomics in the office, ergonomics in the home, and health and safety at work.
Download or read book Pedestrian Behavior written by Harry Timmermans and published by Emerald Group Publishing. This book was released on 2009-11-19 with total page 359 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Studies of pedestrian behaviour have gained attention in a variety of disciplines. Different technologies have been used to collect data about pedestrian movement patterns. This book aims to document these developments in research and modelling approaches. It includes modelling approaches such as cellular automata models and fluid dynamics.
Download or read book Pedestrian Dynamics written by Pushkin Kachroo and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-01-24 with total page 250 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Effective evacuations can save lives. This book provides mathematical models of pedestrian movements that can be used specifically for designing feedback control laws for effective evacuation. The book also provides various feedback control laws to accomplish the effective evacuation. It book uses the hydrodynamic hyperbolic PDE macroscopic pedestrian models since they are amenable to feedback control design. The control designs are obtained through different nonlinear techniques.
