Download or read book Cross border Externalities and Trade Liberalization written by Ludema, Rodney D and published by London : Department of Economics, University of Western Ontario. This book was released on 1992 with total page 20 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book International Cooperation on Trade and Environmental Policy Cross border Externalities with Asymmetric Information written by Ludema, Rodney D and published by London, Ont. : Department of Economics, University of Western Ontario. This book was released on 1993 with total page 34 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Trade Policy Cross Border Externalities and Lobbies written by Nuno Limão and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: If, in international agreements, governments "link" trade to environmental policy (or other issues with non-pecuniary externalities), will this promote more cooperation in both policies or will cooperation in one policy be strengthened at the expense of the other? We analyze this question in the context of self-enforcing agreements. We show that if the two policies are independent in the government's objective function then linkage - the ability to use both policies to punish non-compliance in either individual agreement - promotes cooperation in one policy at the expense of the other (e.g. strengthens environmental standards at the expense of higher tariffs). However, if the linked policies are not independent in the governments' objective function (e.g. a tariff on cars and an environmental tax on oil) and if these policies are strategic complements then linkage promotes more cooperation in both issues (higher environmental standards and lower tariffs) than no-linkage. The policies are strategic complements only if: (i) the production externality has cross-border effects; (ii) the weight on the externality cost is high; (iii) import competing lobbies are not "powerful"
Download or read book Policy Externalities And International Trade Agreements written by Limao Nuno and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2018-09-19 with total page 440 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book Policy Externalities and International Trade Agreements is a selection of published articles examining how policy externalities motivate and can be addressed by international trading institutions. The studies provide groundbreaking evidence of the role of international market power and policy uncertainty as motives for trade agreements and on the potential clash between preferential trade liberalization (e.g. European Union, NAFTA) and multilateral agreements (WTO). The studies presented in this book not only identify and estimate how different policies interact with each other and across agreements, but also examine how international trading institutions can be used to limit redistribution towards special interest groups and enforce better cooperation across issues, such as labor and the environment, and between developing and developed countries.
Download or read book Trade Liberalisation Economic Growth and Environmental Externalities written by Hansa Jain and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book External Liberalization and Foreign Presence written by Robert Emmett Kennedy and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 26 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: External liberalization -- the relaxation of restrictions on cross-border trade and inbound direct investment -- has played an important role in the programs of economic transition in central Europe. While liberalization is widely heralded, there has been little empirical analysis of the links between liberalization and industry structure, or of the role that foreign firms play in the transition process. This analysis examines changes in foreign presence following external liberalization in Poland and Hungary. I show that the presence of proprietary and intangible assets explains much of the cross-industry variation in patterns of foreign presence and, for a given level of foreign presence, whether this will occur via trade or inbound direct investment.
Download or read book Certain Legal Aspects of the Multilateral Trade System and the Promotion of Renewable Energy written by Rafael Leal-Arcas and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The multilateral trade system aims at the eventual total liberalization of cross-border trade through the removal of as many trade barriers - such as tariffs, quantitative restrictions, and trade-distortive practices - as may be politically acceptable to the economic areas involved. For their part, the governing structures of the economic areas concerned - for the most part, the governments of sovereign States - are faced with the task of addressing a much broader set of interests than those pertaining to trade. However, the accession of sovereign actors and regional economic unions (such as the European Union) to international treaty-based organizations, such as the World Trade Organization (WTO), and their acceptance of the relevant international obligations, often commensurately condition their policy-making. In that respect, it is not uncommon for, say, certain measures that WTO members take in order to address some subjective policy objective that is, on the face of it, extraneous to cross-border trade, to infringe upon their international obligations - for instance, such measures may infringe upon obligations owed by WTO members under their WTO membership in a manner that is not in line with WTO rules. On the occasion of recent WTO cases that contain findings against Canada in relation to a regional measure aimed at the promotion of renewable energy, it may be pertinent to examine the degree to which the existing WTO normative framework may permit its members policy space to take measures aimed at promoting renewable energy. To that end, we provide a tour d'horizon of the WTO rules that are likely to be engaged by such policies. As part of this, we examine the GATT/WTO system's evolved responsiveness towards environmental objectives. Finally, we highlight whatever perceived systemic obstacles might exist to the meaningful bridging of the WTO's environmental objectives with its core trade liberalization objectives. In conclusion, we find the stronger view to be that the relevant WTO jurisprudence appears to suggest that the WTO system is being fully and effectively used on the part of members in relation to their environmental objectives, and that members' bona fide environmentally-focused measures that, incidentally, distort or otherwise restrict cross-border trade are ultimately upheld by the WTO system so long as they are bona fide, applied evenhandedly, and not unduly restrictive. That said, while the system, as it stands, is considerably flexible towards 'externalities' such as environmental protection objectives, further trade liberalization remains the system's principal objective. This, however, does not happen in a policy-value vacuum, given that the cause of trade liberalization is increasingly conditioned by environmental protection objectives.
Download or read book Trade Policy Research written by and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 364 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Trade Liberalization written by Robert A. Rogowsky and published by Praeger. This book was released on 2001-05-30 with total page 120 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Examining the often-expressed concerns about trade liberalization, the authors assess both the facts and common perceptions underlying the issues. Research shows that some popular concerns about trade are factually based, but others are less well supported or arise from apparent misunderstandings of the way international markets work. This form of presentation both highlights the current divergence of views and demonstrates the extent to which either new research or better public dissemination of existing research might lead toward greater consensus. The authors examine seven often-expressed concerns about trade liberalization to assess both the facts and common perceptions underlying the issues. • Trade's effect on manufacturing jobs • Trade's effect on wage and income inequality • Trade deficits • U.S. economic exposure to foreign-market instability • The threat to sovereignty • Trade's effect on the environment • Health and safety After briefly summarizing the concerns raised in each area, the authors review a large body of recent economic and legal literature. Plain statements by advocates of a particular position on an issue appear alongside discussion of more formal economic or legal analysis of the same issue. This form of presentation both highlights the current divergence of views and demonstrates the extent to which either new research or better public dissemination of existing research might lead toward greater consensus.
Download or read book A Handbook of International Trade in Services written by Aaditya Mattoo and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2008 with total page 675 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This title provides a comprehensive introduction to the key issues in trade and liberalization of services. Providing a useful overview of the players involved, the barriers to trade, and case studies in a number of service industries, this is ideal for policymakers and students interested in trade.
Download or read book Trade Liberalization written by Romain Wacziarg and published by Edward Elgar Publishing. This book was released on 2018 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This compelling two-volume collection presents the major literary contributions to the economic analysis of the consequences of trade liberalization on growth, productivity, labor market outcomes and economic inequality. Examining the classical theories that stress gains from trade stemming from comparative advantage, the selection also comprises more recent theories of imperfect competition, where any potential gains from trade can stem from competitive effects or the international transmission of knowledge. Empirical contributions provide evidence regarding the explanatory power of these various theories, including work on the effects of trade openness on economic growth, wages, and income inequality, as well as evidence on the effects of trade on firm productivity, entry and exit. Prefaced by an original introduction from the editor, the collection will to be an invaluable research resource for academics, practitioners and those drawn to this fascinating topic.
Download or read book Domestic Regulation and Service Trade Liberalization written by Pierre Sauve and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2003-08-29 with total page 246 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Trade in services, far more than trade in goods, is affected by a variety of domestic regulations, ranging from qualification and licensing requirements in professional services to pro-competitive regulation in telecommunications services. Experience shows that the quality of regulation strongly influences the consequences of trade liberalization. WTO members have agreed that a central task in the ongoing services negotiations will be to develop a set of rules to ensure that domestic regulations support rather than impede trade liberalization. Since these rules are bound to have a profound impact on the evolution of policy, particularly in developing countries, it is important that they be conducive to economically rational policy-making. This book addresses two central questions: What impact can international trade rules on services have on the exercise of domestic regulatory sovereignty? And how can services negotiations be harnessed to promote and consolidate domestic policy reform across highly diverse sectors? The book, with contributions from several of the world's leading experts in the field, explores a range of rule-making challenges arising at this policy interface, in areas such as transparency, standards and the adoption of a necessity test for services trade. Contributions also provide an in-depth look at these issues in the key areas of accountancy, energy, finance, health, telecommunications and transportation services.
Download or read book Search Externalities in Firm to Firm Trade written by John Spray and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2021-03-19 with total page 80 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: I develop a model of firm-to-firm search and matching to show that the impact of falling trade costs on firm sourcing decisions and consumer welfare depends on the relative size of search externalities in domestic and international markets. These externalities can be positive if firms share information about potential matches, or negative if the market is congested. Using unique firm-to-firm transaction-level data from Uganda, I document empirical evidence consistent with positive externalities in international markets and negative externalities in domestic markets. I then build a dynamic quantitative version of the model and show that, in Uganda, a 25% reduction in trade costs led to a 3.7% increase in consumer welfare, 12% of which was due to search externalities.
Download or read book World Development Report 2020 written by World Bank and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2019-11-19 with total page 511 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Global value chains (GVCs) powered the surge of international trade after 1990 and now account for almost half of all trade. This shift enabled an unprecedented economic convergence: poor countries grew rapidly and began to catch up with richer countries. Since the 2008 global financial crisis, however, the growth of trade has been sluggish and the expansion of GVCs has stalled. Meanwhile, serious threats have emerged to the model of trade-led growth. New technologies could draw production closer to the consumer and reduce the demand for labor. And trade conflicts among large countries could lead to a retrenchment or a segmentation of GVCs. World Development Report 2020: Trading for Development in the Age of Global Value Chains examines whether there is still a path to development through GVCs and trade. It concludes that technological change is, at this stage, more a boon than a curse. GVCs can continue to boost growth, create better jobs, and reduce poverty provided that developing countries implement deeper reforms to promote GVC participation; industrial countries pursue open, predictable policies; and all countries revive multilateral cooperation.
Download or read book A Practical Guide to Trade Policy Analysis written by Marc Bacchetta and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Trade flows and trade policies need to be properly quantified to describe, compare, or follow the evolution of policies between sectors or countries or over time. This is essential to ensure that policy choices are made with an appropriate knowledge of the real conditions. This practical guide introduces the main techniques of trade and trade policy data analysis. It shows how to develop the main indexes used to analyze trade flows, tariff structures, and non-tariff measures. It presents the databases needed to construct these indexes as well as the challenges faced in collecting and processing these data, such as measurement errors or aggregation bias. Written by experts with practical experience in the field, A Practical Guide to Trade Policy Analysis has been developed to contribute to enhance developing countries' capacity to analyze and implement trade policy. It offers a hands-on introduction on how to estimate the distributional effects of trade policies on welfare, in particular on inequality and poverty. The guide is aimed at government experts engaged in trade negotiations, as well as students and researchers involved in trade-related study or research. An accompanying DVD contains data sets and program command files required for the exercises. Copublished by the WTO and the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development
Download or read book Trade Liberalisation Economic Growth and Environmental Externalities written by Hansa Jain and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-12-20 with total page 190 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book examines the trade liberalization measures, which were initiated in India during 1991 and which focused on manufacturing industries. This industry was considered because of its strong inter-sectoral links and its capacity to stimulate the growth of other sectors. The resulting liberal trade policies, involving a reduction in trade barriers and inflows of FDI, capital and technologies, were adopted to increase the manufacturing output. However, these measures were most beneficial to those industries whose products have greater demand in developed countries. Against this backdrop, the book breaks down the overall effect of trade-induced manufacturing growth into scale, composition and technique effects to discuss the impact on environmental externality. In addition to manufacturing activity, it also investigates the effect of other factors that improve with economic growth and examines the extent to which India’s trade-led economic growth allows production activities to move to cleaner technologies and whether India has achieved its economic growth by specializing in pollution-intensive (low technology) industries. The book also estimates the impact of these environmental externalities on society’s wellbeing.
Download or read book International Trade and the Environment written by Judith M. Dean and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2017-10-23 with total page 490 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This title was first published in 2002: The interrelationship between international trade and the environment has become the subject of much heated debate. These complex and strong concerns are given voice in this comprehensive and accessible text that brings together the leading journal articles dealing with the fundamental questions about this most important international problem. International Trade and the Environment offers an invaluable source of contemporary international research for all those researching, studying or practicing across the fields of international trade, environmental economics, applied microeconomics and other related areas.
