Download or read book Criteria for the Appropriate Solution of Problems of Local Importance in Selected EU Member States written by Wolfgang Tiede and published by GRIN Verlag. This book was released on 2011-03-23 with total page 31 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Project Report from the year 2007 in the subject Law - Public Law / Constitutional Law / Basic Rights, , course: EU-Project ”Support to the implementation of the law on general principles of organisation of local self-government in the Russian Federation", language: English, abstract: The German system of local government is composed of several territorial public corporations. Basis of local government is the right to communal self-government, which is entrenched in the Constitution of the Federation (Bund) in Article 28 (2) 1 GG , as well as in the constitutions of the federal states (Länder), e.g. in Article 11 of the Constitution of Bavaria . Organisation and structure of the basic level of local government is regulated by the federal states in Municipal Regulations (Gemeindeordnungen) with the exclusion of the three pure city states of Berlin, Hamburg and Bremen. No single Code of communal law exists in the federal states, but a variety of laws covers the different levels of local government. Besides the already mentioned Municipal Regulations, there are District Regulations (Landkreisordnung) , depending on the size of the States also on a higher tier Regional Regulations (Bezirksordnung) ; in addition laws about local elections on the different levels (Kommunalwahlgesetz) and the different forms of inter-corporation co-operation (Gesetz über die kommunale Gemeinschaftsarbeit , Zweckvebandsgesetz , Gemeindekassenverordnung (e.g. in Lower Saxony), Gesetz über die kommunale Zusammenarbeit and Verwaltungsgemeinschaftsordnung , Kommunalabgabengesetz (e.g. in Bavaria).
Download or read book A review of multi criteria decision making applications to solve energy management problems Two decades from 1995 to 2015 written by Abbas Mardania and published by Infinite Study. This book was released on with total page 41 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Energy management problems associated with rapid institutional, political, technical, ecological, social and economic development have been of critical concern to both national and local governments worldwide for many decades; thus, addressing such issues is a global priority.
Download or read book Europe in 12 Lessons written by Pascal Fontaine and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 114 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book National Policy Responses to Urban Challenges in Europe written by Leo van den Berg and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2016-07-22 with total page 461 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents a unique overview of urban policy conducted by national authorities in the fifteen 'old' member states of the EU. Focussing on recent changes in the development of the larger cities and changes in policymaking by national authorities with respect to urban development, the book is structured around 15 'country chapters', written by national experts in the field of urban development. The book provides an up-to-date source of information, and will be of importance to anyone involved in the role and development of European cities as well as the formulation and delivery of associated national policies.
Download or read book Territorial Development Cohesion and Spatial Planning written by Neil Adams and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2011 with total page 489 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study examines some of the evolving challenges faced by EU regional policy in light of enlargement and assesses some of the approaches and trends in terms of territorial development policy and practice. The chapters reflect on the diversity of approaches to spatial planning and the politics of policy formation.
Download or read book Subsidiarity and Economic Reform in Europe written by George Gelauff and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-04-03 with total page 351 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Subsidiarity in the European Union, as the guiding principle of decision-making "close to the people", is often motivated and discussed from a predominantly political perspective. In this book, experts draw the demarcation between national and European policies from an economic viewpoint. Insights from economic theory and empirical research are used both to analyse the assignment of policies between the EU and its member states and to identify appropriate levels of decision-making.
Download or read book Parliamentary Assembly Working Papers written by BERNAN ASSOC and published by Council of Europe. This book was released on 2008-02-28 with total page 480 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Local Democracy And The Processes Of Transformation In East central Europe written by Harald Baldersheim and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2019-04-10 with total page 231 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book focuses on one particular aspect of the post-communist transformations in the East-Central European countries. In studying the local government reforms, it evaluates achievements with the traditional yardsticks for local government performance: democracy, efficiency, and autonomy.
Download or read book The European Union written by Kristin Archick and published by . This book was released on 2019-09-15 with total page 28 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The European Union (EU) is a political and economic partnership that represents a unique form of cooperation among sovereign countries. The EU is the latest stage in a process of integration begun after World War II, initially by six Western European countries, to foster interdependence and make another war in Europe unthinkable. The EU currently consists of 28 member states, including most of the countries of Central and Eastern Europe, and has helped to promote peace, stability, and economic prosperity throughout the European continent. The EU has been built through a series of binding treaties. Over the years, EU member states have sought to harmonize laws and adopt common policies on an increasing number of economic, social, and political issues. EU member states share a customs union; a single market in which capital, goods, services, and people move freely; a common trade policy; and a common agricultural policy. Nineteen EU member states use a common currency (the euro), and 22 member states participate in the Schengen area of free movement in which internal border controls have been eliminated. In addition, the EU has been developing a Common Foreign and Security Policy (CFSP), which includes a Common Security and Defense Policy (CSDP), and pursuing cooperation in the area of Justice and Home Affairs (JHA) to forge common internal security measures. Member states work together through several EU institutions to set policy and to promote their collective interests. In recent years, however, the EU has faced a number of internal and external crises. Most notably, in a June 2016 public referendum, voters in the United Kingdom (UK) backed leaving the EU. The pending British exit from the EU (dubbed "Brexit") comes amid multiple other challenges, including the rise of populist and to some extent anti-EU political parties, concerns about democratic backsliding in some member states (including Poland and Hungary), ongoing pressures related to migration, a heightened terrorism threat, and a resurgent Russia. The United States has supported the European integration project since its inception in the 1950s as a means to prevent another catastrophic conflict on the European continent and foster democratic allies and strong trading partners. Today, the United States and the EU have a dynamic political partnership and share a huge trade and investment relationship. Despite periodic tensions in U.S.-EU relations over the years, U.S. and EU policymakers alike have viewed the partnership as serving both sides' overall strategic and economic interests. EU leaders are anxious about the Trump Administration's commitment to the EU project, the transatlantic partnership, and an open international trading system-especially amid the Administration's imposition of tariffs on EU steel and aluminum products since 2018 and the prospects of future auto tariffs. In July 2018, President Trump reportedly called the EU a "foe" on trade but the Administration subsequently sought to de-escalate U.S.-EU tensions and signaled its intention to launch new U.S.-EU trade negotiations. Concerns also linger in Brussels about the implications of the Trump Administration's "America First" foreign policy and its positions on a range of international issues, including Russia, Iran, the Israeli-Palestinian conflict, climate change, and the role of multilateral institutions. This report serves as a primer on the EU. Despite the UK's vote to leave the EU, the UK remains a full member of the bloc until it officially exits the EU (which is scheduled to occur by October 31, 2019, but may be further delayed). As such, this report largely addresses the EU and its institutions as they currently exist. It also briefly describes U.S.-EU political and economic relations that may be of interest.
Download or read book Parliamentary Assembly Texts Adopted 2007 Ordinary Session First Part 16 20 April 2007 written by Council of Europe: Parliamentary Assembly and published by Council of Europe. This book was released on 2007-08-28 with total page 88 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Multi Objective and Multi Attribute Optimisation for Sustainable Development Decision Aiding written by Samarjit Kar and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2019-09-20 with total page 394 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Optimization is considered as a decision-making process for getting the most out of available resources for the best attainable results. Many real-world problems are multi-objective or multi-attribute problems that naturally involve several competing objectives that need to be optimized simultaneously, while respecting some constraints or involving selection among feasible discrete alternatives. In this Reprint of the Special Issue, 19 research papers co-authored by 88 researchers from 14 different countries explore aspects of multi-objective or multi-attribute modeling and optimization in crisp or uncertain environments by suggesting multiple-attribute decision-making (MADM) and multi-objective decision-making (MODM) approaches. The papers elaborate upon the approaches of state-of-the-art case studies in selected areas of applications related to sustainable development decision aiding in engineering and management, including construction, transportation, infrastructure development, production, and organization management.
Download or read book Applied Cryptography and Network Security written by Tal Malkin and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-01-09 with total page 697 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 13th International Conference on Applied Cryptography and Network Security, ACNS 2015, held in New York, NY, USA, in June 2015. The 33 revised full papers included in this volume and presented together with 2 abstracts of invited talks, were carefully reviewed and selected from 157 submissions. They are organized in topical sections on secure computation: primitives and new models; public key cryptographic primitives; secure computation II: applications; anonymity and related applications; cryptanalysis and attacks (symmetric crypto); privacy and policy enforcement; authentication via eye tracking and proofs of proximity; malware analysis and side channel attacks; side channel countermeasures and tamper resistance/PUFs; and leakage resilience and pseudorandomness.
Download or read book The European Union s Broader Neighbourhood written by Sieglinde Gstöhl and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2015-07-16 with total page 308 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Over the past decade the European Union (EU) has gradually developed the European Neighbourhood Policy (ENP) with its neighbours. At the same time, the ‘neighbours of the EU’s neighbours’ have presented new challenges. This book addresses the EU’s broader neighbourhood, comprising of the ENP countries and the neighbours of its neighbours. With specific focus on Saharan Africa, the Middle East and Central Asia, it discusses trans-regional policy issues that arise from the EU’s relations with regions beyond the ENP. Based on an interdisciplinary, policy-oriented approach, this volume explores major political, legal, security and socio-economic challenges and identifies opportunities for cooperation across the EU’s broader neighbourhood. This book will be of interest to students, experts and scholars interested in EU affairs and politics, international relations, EU and international law, diplomacy and area studies.
Download or read book 11th Mediterranean Conference on Medical and Biological Engineering and Computing 2007 written by Tomaz Jarm and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-11-12 with total page 2365 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Biomedical engineering brings together bright minds from diverse disciplines, ranging from engineering, physics, and computer science to biology and medicine. This book contains the proceedings of the 11th Mediterranean Conference on Medical and Biological Engineering and Computing, MEDICON 2007, held in Ljubljana, Slovenia, June 2007. It features relevant, up-to-date research in the area.
Download or read book Regional Comparisons in Comparative Policy Analysis Studies written by Iris Geva-May and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2020-06-29 with total page 415 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Volume Three of the Classics of Comparative Policy Analysis, contains chapters concerned with "Regional Comparisons and Policy Analysis" – one of the most prevailing approaches in comparative public policy. Through the prism of inter-jurisdiction comparisons of similarities and variations, they address comparisons in specific policy sectors, governance or institutional constructs, and political regimes. The foci are, nevertheless, on those comparisons between countries or regions, which help to lesson-draw by identifying and understanding the variation in policy analysis and policy making that exists within or across regions. One benefit of regional comparisons is that it often allows studies to hold constant many variables, ranging from colonial legacy to federal systems, or from language to specific traditions, and more effectively isolate dependent variables. Regional organizations like the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) or European Union are also considered as catalysts for regional policy approaches and harmonization, and occupy a major role in this volume. The chapters address a broad and diverse number of countries and geographical areas: Latin America, North America, East Asia, Southeast Asia, Southern Africa, the Baltic states, the Nordic states, Western Europe, Central Europe, Eastern Europe, and Europe as a whole. "Regional Comparisons and Policy Analysis" will be of great interest to scholars and learners of public policy and social sciences, as well as to practitioners considering what can be learned or facilitated through methodologically and theoretically sound approaches. The chapters were originally published as articles in the Journal of Comparative Policy Analysis which in the last two decades has pioneered the development of comparative public policy. The volume is part of a four-volume series, the Classics of Comparative Policy Analysis including Theories and Methods, Institutions and Governance, Regional Comparisons, and Policy Sectors. Each volume showcases a different new chapter comparing domains of study interrelated with comparative public policy: political science, public administration, governance and policy design, authored by the JCPA co-editors Giliberto Capano, Iris Geva-May, Michael Howlett, Leslie A. Pal and B. Guy Peters.
Download or read book Politics UK written by Bill Jones and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2014-06-20 with total page 637 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The revised and updated eighth edition of the bestselling textbook Politics UK is an indispensible introduction to British politics. It provides a thorough and accessible overview of the institutions and processes of British government, a good grounding in British political history and an incisive introduction to the issues facing Britain today. With contributed chapters from respected scholars in the field and contemporary articles on real-world politics from well-known political commentators, this textbook is an essential guide for students of British politics. The eighth edition welcomes brand new material from eight new contributors to complement the rigorously updated and highly valued chapters retained from the previous edition. The eighth edition includes: · Britain in context boxes offering contrasting international perspectives of themes in British politics. · A comprehensive 'who's who' of politics in the form of Profile boxes featuring key political figures. · And another thing ... pieces: short articles written by distinguished commentators including Jonathan Powell, Michael Moran and Mark Garnett. · Fully updated chapters plus new material providing excellent coverage of contemporary political events including: The Leveson Inquiry, the aftermath of the 2011 riots and the House of Lords reform. · A vibrant and accessible new design to excite and engage students as the work through a variety of political topics. · A new epilogue to the book offering a critical perspective of the trials and tribulations of the Coalition Government, including an overview of the major differences that divide the coalition partners.
Download or read book Official Journal of the European Communities written by and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 1064 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
