Download or read book Criteria for Shock Initiation of High Explosives written by Bruce P. Kirk and published by . This book was released on 1971 with total page 50 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Shock Wave Science and Technology Reference Library Vol 5 written by Blaine Asay and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2009-12-16 with total page 630 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Los Alamos National Laboratory is an incredible place. It was conceived and born amidst the most desperate of circumstances. It attracted some of the most brilliant minds, the most innovative entrepreneurs, and the most c- ative tinkerers of that generation. Out of that milieu emerged physics and engineering that beforehand was either unimagined, or thought to be f- tasy. One of the ?elds essentially invented during those years was the science of precision high explosives. Before 1942, explosives were used in munitions and commercial pursuits that demanded proper chemistry and con?nement for the necessary e?ect, but little else. The needs and requirements of the Manhattan project were of a much more precise and speci?c nature. Spatial and temporal speci?cations were reduced from centimeters and milliseconds to micrometers and nanoseconds. New theory and computational tools were required along with a raft of new experimental techniques and novel ways of interpreting the results. Over the next 40 years, the emphasis was on higher energy in smaller packages, more precise initiation schemes, better and safer formulations, and greater accuracy in forecasting performance. Researchers from many institutions began working in the emerging and expanding ?eld. In the midst of all of the work and progress in precision initiation and scienti?c study, in the early 1960s, papers began to appear detailing the ?rst quantitative studies of the transition from de?agration to detonation (DDT), ?rst in cast, then in pressed explosives, and ?nally in propellants.
Download or read book The Hydrodynamic Hot Spot and Shock Initiation of Homogeneous Explosives written by Charles L. Mader and published by . This book was released on 1962 with total page 48 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Shock Wave Science and Technology Reference Library Vol 5 written by Blaine Asay and published by Springer. This book was released on 2012-05-04 with total page 618 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Los Alamos National Laboratory is an incredible place. It was conceived and born amidst the most desperate of circumstances. It attracted some of the most brilliant minds, the most innovative entrepreneurs, and the most c- ative tinkerers of that generation. Out of that milieu emerged physics and engineering that beforehand was either unimagined, or thought to be f- tasy. One of the ?elds essentially invented during those years was the science of precision high explosives. Before 1942, explosives were used in munitions and commercial pursuits that demanded proper chemistry and con?nement for the necessary e?ect, but little else. The needs and requirements of the Manhattan project were of a much more precise and speci?c nature. Spatial and temporal speci?cations were reduced from centimeters and milliseconds to micrometers and nanoseconds. New theory and computational tools were required along with a raft of new experimental techniques and novel ways of interpreting the results. Over the next 40 years, the emphasis was on higher energy in smaller packages, more precise initiation schemes, better and safer formulations, and greater accuracy in forecasting performance. Researchers from many institutions began working in the emerging and expanding ?eld. In the midst of all of the work and progress in precision initiation and scienti?c study, in the early 1960s, papers began to appear detailing the ?rst quantitative studies of the transition from de?agration to detonation (DDT), ?rst in cast, then in pressed explosives, and ?nally in propellants.
Download or read book High temperature Shock Initiation of Explosives written by and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Shock Wave Science and Technology Reference Library Vol 5 written by Blaine Asay and published by Springer. This book was released on 2010-02-05 with total page 618 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Los Alamos National Laboratory is an incredible place. It was conceived and born amidst the most desperate of circumstances. It attracted some of the most brilliant minds, the most innovative entrepreneurs, and the most c- ative tinkerers of that generation. Out of that milieu emerged physics and engineering that beforehand was either unimagined, or thought to be f- tasy. One of the ?elds essentially invented during those years was the science of precision high explosives. Before 1942, explosives were used in munitions and commercial pursuits that demanded proper chemistry and con?nement for the necessary e?ect, but little else. The needs and requirements of the Manhattan project were of a much more precise and speci?c nature. Spatial and temporal speci?cations were reduced from centimeters and milliseconds to micrometers and nanoseconds. New theory and computational tools were required along with a raft of new experimental techniques and novel ways of interpreting the results. Over the next 40 years, the emphasis was on higher energy in smaller packages, more precise initiation schemes, better and safer formulations, and greater accuracy in forecasting performance. Researchers from many institutions began working in the emerging and expanding ?eld. In the midst of all of the work and progress in precision initiation and scienti?c study, in the early 1960s, papers began to appear detailing the ?rst quantitative studies of the transition from de?agration to detonation (DDT), ?rst in cast, then in pressed explosives, and ?nally in propellants.
Download or read book Insights Into the Shock Initiation written by and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 7 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: It has long been known that there are fundamental differences between homogeneous and heterogeneous high explosives. The shock initiation behavior of these materials was first described in the literature by Campbell et al, in 1961. Chaiken was also involved in describing this process for liquid nitromethane. Since then, there have been a number of studies which have added considerable incite into the shock initiation/detonation behavior of these materials. We only give a few references here (Refs. 4 - 11) and these should be considered representative; e.g. they do not represent an exhaustive list of references available. Many of these studies were done on homogeneous explosives, most often nitromethane (NM) and include particle velocity gauge measurements, optical temperature measurements, VISAR measurements, as well as streak camera measurements of interfaces. In some cases NM was heterogenized by gelling and adding silica particles. Homogeneous materials are typically liquids or single crystals in which there are a minimal number of physical imperfections (e.g. bubbles or voids) that can cause perturbations in the input shock and the flow behind it. Homogeneous materials viewed with macroscopic probes characteristic of detonation physics experiments appear uniform. Heterogeneous explosives are generally all other types; these are usually pressed, cast, machined, or extruded into the shapes or parts desired. These materials contain imperfections of a variety of types that cause fluid-mechanical irregularities (called hot spots) when a shock or detonation wave passes over them. Such hot spots cause associated space/time fluctuations in the thermodynamic fields (e.g., the pressure or temperature fields) in the material. These thermodynamic variations affect the local chemical-heat-release rate - they produce an average heat-release rate that is a combination of chemistry and mechanics. Hot spots could be the result of voids, shock interactions, jetting, shock impedance mismatches, etc. Shock initiation of homogeneous explosives is due to a thermal explosion that occurs in the material shocked the longest. This reaction produces a reactive wave that grows behind the front and eventually overtakes the front. The reactive wave may grow into what is called a superdetonation before it overtakes the initial shock and settles down to a steady detonation. The shock initiation process in heterogeneous explosives differs a great deal because the hot spots cause early chemical reaction as soon as the shock passing over a region creates them. This causes reactive growth both in and behind the shock front. This leads to a relatively smooth growth of the initiating shock to a detonation, in contrast to the abrupt changes that occur in the homogeneous case. These differences are apparent in both the in-situ reaction wave profiles and the acceleration of the shock front.
Download or read book Glossary for the Worldwide Transportation of Dangerous Goods and Hazardous Materials written by Malcolm A. Fox and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-11-21 with total page 351 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Written by principal environmental scientists for a premier environmental engineering firm, this "Glossary" describes accurately and without jargon the regulations surrounding the shipping of dangerous goods around the world. It provides shippers with a handy source to identify their materials and correlate them to regulatory references.
Download or read book The Modelling of Shock Initiation of Detonation in High Explosives Using the EPIC 2 Hydrocode with the Forest Fire Model written by Ijsselstein R. R. and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page 168 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Initiation Criteria of High Explosives at Different Projectile Or Jet Densities written by Manfred Held and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Science of High Explosives written by Melvin Alonzo Cook and published by . This book was released on 1958 with total page 474 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Low Amplitude Shock Initiation of Burning in High Explosives written by T. P Liddiard (Jr) and published by . This book was released on 1968 with total page 26 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Two types of experiments are discussed in which high explosives are subjected to shocks of low to moderate amplitude, the modified gap test and the underwater system. The duration of the pressure pulse is 1-2 micron sec in the former and 20-40 micron sec in the latter. Observations are made with a high-speed framing camera. (Author).
Download or read book Reflected shock Initiation of Explosives written by and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 9 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In a study of initiations caused by reflected shock from a high-impedance boundary, attempts to establish sufficient conditions for initiative are described. Shock polar analysis is used to discover the ranges of various flow regimes, general shock structures and pressure estimates of states behind the reflected wave. Using this knowledge, wave structure growth rates from hydrocode simulations are estimated and standard-shock initiation criteria are used; experiments are designed in which the initiation from a reflected-shock wave structure appears likely. Two experiments are described in which a reflected-shock wave from a uranium surface initiated PBX 9502. The experimental evidence is in good agreement with the assumptions and results of the analysis.
Download or read book Nature of the Buildup to Detonation in Solid High Explosives During Plane Shock Initiation PBX 9404 and PBX 9502 written by and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Two models for the initiation process are compared to results of experimental studies of initiation of detonation in two high explosives, PBX-9404 (HMX-based) and PBX-9502 (TATB-based), by sustained shock waves. A critical examination of the model known as single-curve buildup is made. Several comparisons are made with experimental results for the two explosives. The model describes the observed shock trajectories moderately well although it has some limitations. These are manifested by an examination of the relation between input pressure and distance of run to detonation. The data are also compared with model solutions for the initiation process which assume self-similar flow. The model can fit the experimental shock trajectory reasonably well but difficulties are encountered in attempting to complete the solution for the entire flow field. For PBX-9404, published pressure-time profiles are examined for self-similar character. The measured profiles show substantial disagreement with the similarity model.
Download or read book Shock Initiation in Heterogenous Explosives written by J.W. Nunziato and published by . This book was released on 1977 with total page 58 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Shock Initiation Thresholds of Various Explosives written by and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 1 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Determination of Shock Initiation and Detonation Characteristics of PE4 in Proof Test Geometries written by M. C. Chick and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page 12 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
