Download or read book Crime Rate and Geographic Mobility written by Robert D. Crutchfield and published by . This book was released on 1976 with total page 78 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Social Integration and Canadian Provincial Crime Rates the Impact of Geographic Mobility written by Timothy F. Hartnagel and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 21 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Predictors of Crime Rates in the United States written by Deah Zindani and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 150 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This thesis focuses on sociodemographic predictors of crime rates in the United States. Regression analyses were conducted on the level of the state, with 52 cases in total (one for each state and one case each representing Washington, DC and Puerto Rico). Both violent as well as property crimes were focused upon in this thesis. The category of "violent crime" included murder and non-negligent manslaughter, forcible rape, robbery, aggravated assault, and the total violent crime rate, while the category of "property crime" included the crimes of burglary, larceny/theft, motor vehicle theft, and the total property crime rate. All variables relating to crime rates were calculated as the total number of crimes per 100,000 individuals. Predictors of crime rates consisted of variables relating to race, marital status, gender, age, immigrant status, income, level of education, employment status, and migrant status. Backwards stepwise linear regression was used for these analyses, which is a method of regression analysis in which all predictors are initially included in the model, then, predictors not found to be statistically significant are removed from the model one by one. Based on a review of the current literature and criminological theory, the following hypotheses were developed: 1) lower crime rates will be associated with lower proportions of African-Americans, 2) higher crime rates will be associated with higher proportions of never married individuals, 3) higher crime rates will be associated with a greater number of males per females, 4) higher crime rates will be associated with a greater number of younger individuals, 5) higher crime rates will be associated with lower socioeconomic status (encapsulating income, education, and employment status), 6) lower crime rates will be associated with a higher proportion of foreign-born individuals, and 7) higher crime rates will be associated with a higher level of geographic mobility. The results of the analyses conducted lend some support to these hypotheses.
Download or read book The Geography of Crime RLE Social Cultural Geography written by David J. Evans and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2014-01-10 with total page 306 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents original research into contemporary geographical aspects of the study of crime. The contributors, drawn from different disciplines within the social sciences and from various countries, give a review of the subject which provides a valuable insight into the geography of crime. Their approaches range from the behavioural to the environmental, and the crimes dealt with include violent crime and residential burglary. The book examines data sources, discusses different crimes and ways of studying them and considers the fear of crime. The criminal justice system in the UK is examined in detail, including policy, the operations of community and police committees and an account of the experience of crime prevention policies in Britain and North America is also given.
Download or read book The Geography of Crime and Justice written by Keith D. Harries and published by . This book was released on 1973 with total page 152 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Geography of Urban Crime written by David T. Herbert and published by Longman Publishing Group. This book was released on 1982 with total page 170 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book introduces the geography of urban crime by integrating the concepts of criminology with the spatial perspective that geography brings to the study of criminal behaviour. The author begins with an examination of the sources of criminological data, and their spatial dimensions, then discusses the use of geographical approaches to study both offences and offenders in their local environment.
Download or read book Crime Spillover written by Simon Hakim and published by SAGE Publications, Incorporated. This book was released on 1981-10 with total page 160 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study in the emerging field of criminal mobility draws upon criminological, economic, and geographical insights to consider questions on where crimes take place, and why certain neighbourhoods have higher crime rates than others.
Download or read book Analyzing Crime Patterns written by Victor Goldsmith and published by SAGE Publications. This book was released on 1999-11-18 with total page 197 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Crime control continues to be a growth industry, despite the drop in crime indicators throughout the nation. This volume shows how state-of-the-art geographic information systems (GIS) are revolutionizing urban law enforcement, with an award-winning program in New York City leading the way. Electronic "pin mapping" is used to display the incidence of crime, to stimulate effective strategies and decision making, and to evaluate the impact of recent activity applied to hotspots. The expert information presented by 12 contributors will guide departments without such tools to understand the latest technologies and successfully employ them. Besides describing and assessing cutting-edge techniques of crime mapping, this book emphasizes: * the organizational and intellectual contexts in which spatial analysis of crime takes place, * the technical problems of defining, measuring, interpreting, and predicting spatial concentrations of crime, * the common use of New York City crime data, and * practical applications of what is known (e.g., a review of mapping and analysis software packages using the same data set). Students, academics, researchers, practitioners, and policymakers in the areas of criminal justice, corrections, geography, social problems, law and government, public administration, and public policy analysis will need to look at the interdisciplinary nature of both GIS and spatial dimensions of crime in order to comprehend the variety of different approaches address important analytic problems, reassess public facilities and resources, and prepare to respond more quickly to emerging hotspots.
Download or read book Delinquent Prone Communities written by Don Weatherburn and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2000-12-28 with total page 223 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Despite a century of effort, criminologists do not yet fully understand the relationship between disadvantage and crime. The balance of evidence suggests that economic and social stress increase the risk of involvement in crime by increasing the motivation to offend. But there are a number of empirical anomalies that cannot easily be reconciled with this interpretation of the evidence. Weatherburn and Lind argue that the transmission mechanism linking economic and social stress to crime is not offender motivation but disruption to the parenting process. They put forward an epidemic model of the genesis of delinquent-prone communities and show how this model resolves the empirical anomalies facing conventional interpretations of the disadvantage/crime relationship. This book offers compelling evidence which will stimulate debate in this area of criminology and will also interest academics, policy makers and practitioners in the field.
Download or read book Crime Rates as Territorial Social Indicators written by David Marshall Smith and published by . This book was released on 1974 with total page 68 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Tracking the Mobility of Crime written by Jeremy R. Porter and published by Cambridge Scholars Publishing. This book was released on 2010-09-13 with total page 145 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recently, increased attention has been given to the social and environmental context in which criminal offending occurs. This new interest in the human ecology of crime is largely demographic, both in terms of subject matter and increasingly in terms of the analytic methods. Building on existing literature within the social ecology of crime, this study introduces a new approach to developing and examining sub-county geographies of reported crime through the use of existing Census place and county definitions coupled with spatial demographic methods. This process of spatially decomposing counties into Census places and what Esselstyn (1953) earlier called “open country,” or non-places, allows for the development of a unique, but phenomenologically appropriate sub-county geography. The new sub-county geography substantively holds meaning jurisdictionally given the current organization of the criminal justice system as well as demographically in the conceptualization of “rural” and “urban” in the demographic analysis of crime. Using 1990 and 2000 Agency-level Uniform Crime Report data in conjunction with recently developed spatial statistics, significant processes of spatial mobility in regards to the spread of criminal activity are identified. This represents an extension and adaptation of current and evolving methods used in identifying processes of the spatial diffusion of crime.
Download or read book Putting Fear of Crime on the Map written by Bruce J. Doran and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-09-21 with total page 294 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since first emerging as an issue of concern in the late 1960s, fear of crime has become one of the most researched topics in contemporary criminology and receives considerable attention in a range of other disciplines including social ecology, social psychology and geography. Researchers looking the subject have consistently uncovered alarming characteristics, primarily relating to the behavioural responses that people adopt in relation to their fear of crime. This book reports on research conducted over the past eight years, in which efforts have been made to pioneer the combination of techniques from behavioural geography with Geographic Information Systems (GIS) in order to map the fear of crime. The first part of the book outlines the history of research into fear of crime, with an emphasis on the many approaches that have been used to investigate the problem and the need for a spatially-explicit approach. The second part provides a technical break down of the GIS-based techniques used to map fear of crime and summarises key findings from two separate study sites. The authors describe collective avoidance behaviour in relation to disorder decline models such as the Broken Windows Thesis, the potential to integrate fear mapping with police-community partnerships and emerging avenues for further research. Issues discussed include fear of crime in relation to housing prices and disorder, the use of fear mapping as a means with which to monitor the impact of Closed Circuit Television (CCTV) and fear mapping in transit environments.
Download or read book The Geography of Crime and Violence written by Daniel E. Georges and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page 46 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Putting Crime in its Place written by David Weisburd and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-09-27 with total page 258 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Putting Crime in its Place: Units of Analysis in Geographic Criminology focuses on the units of analysis used in geographic criminology. While crime and place studies have been a part of criminology from the early 19th century, growing interest in crime places over the last two decades demands critical reflection on the units of analysis that should form the focus of geographic analysis of crime. Should the focus be on very small units such as street addresses or street segments, or on larger aggregates such as census tracts or communities? Academic researchers, as well as practical crime analysts, are confronted routinely with the dilemma of deciding what the unit of analysis should be when reporting on trends in crime, when identifying crime hot spots or when mapping crime in cities. In place-based crime prevention, the choice of the level of aggregation plays a particularly critical role. This peer reviewed collection of essays aims to contribute to crime and place studies by making explicit the problems involved in choosing units of analysis in geographic criminology. Written by renowned experts in the field, the chapters in this book address basic academic questions, and also provide real-life examples and applications of how they are resolved in cutting-edge research. Crime analysts in police and law enforcement agencies as well as academic researchers studying the spatial distributions of crime and victimization will learn from the discussions and tools presented.
Download or read book Patterns Prevention and Geometry of Crime written by Martin A. Andresen and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2012-03-15 with total page 201 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: P&P Brantingham’s enormous contribution to criminology has paved the way for major theoretical and empirical developments in the understanding of crime and its respective patterns, prevention, and geometry. In this unique collection of original essays, Andresen and Kinney bring together leading scholars in the field of environmental criminology to honour the work of P&P Brantingham with new research on the geometry of crime, patterns in crime and crime generators and attractors. Chapters include new perspectives on the crime mobility triangle, electronic monitoring, illegal drug markets, the patterns of vehicle theft for export, prolific offender patterns,crime rates in hotels and motels, violent crime and juvenile crime. A final chapter gathers together a collection of letters to P&P Brantingham, from key scholars reflecting on and celebrating their important contribution. This volume provides essential readings for those interested in the field of environmental criminology.
Download or read book The Criminology of Place written by David Weisburd and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2012-10-01 with total page 289 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The study of crime has focused primarily on why particular people commit crime or why specific communities have higher crime levels than others. In The Criminology of Place, David Weisburd, Elizabeth Groff, and Sue-Ming Yang present a new and different way of looking at the crime problem by examining why specific streets in a city have specific crime trends over time. Based on a 16-year longitudinal study of crime in Seattle, Washington, the book focuses our attention on small units of geographic analysis-micro communities, defined as street segments. Half of all Seattle crime each year occurs on just 5-6 percent of the city's street segments, yet these crime hot spots are not concentrated in a single neighborhood and street by street variability is significant. Weisburd, Groff, and Yang set out to explain why. The Criminology of Place shows how much essential information about crime is inevitably lost when we focus on larger units like neighborhoods or communities. Reorienting the study of crime by focusing on small units of geography, the authors identify a large group of possible crime risk and protective factors for street segments and an array of interventions that could be implemented to address them. The Criminology of Place is a groundbreaking book that radically alters traditional thinking about the crime problem and what we should do about it.
Download or read book The Spatial Scale of Crime written by John R. Hipp and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2022-12-09 with total page 267 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Combining insights from two distinct research traditions—the communities and crime tradition that focuses on why some neighborhoods have more crime than others, and the burgeoning crime and place literature that focuses on crime in micro-geographic units—this book explores the spatial scale of crime. Criminologist John Hipp articulates a new theoretical perspective that provides an individual- and household-level theory to underpin existing ecological models of neighborhoods and crime. A focus is maintained on the agents of change within neighborhoods and communities, and how households nested in neighborhoods might come to perceive problems in the neighborhood and then have a choice of exit, voice, loyalty, or neglect (EVLN). A characteristic of many crime incidents is that they happen at a particular spatial location and a point in time. These two simple insights suggest the need for both a spatial and a longitudinal perspective in studying crime events. The spatial question focuses on why crime seems to occur more frequently in some locations than others, and the consequences of this for certain areas of cities, or neighborhoods. The longitudinal component focuses on how crime impacts, and is impacted by, characteristics of the environment. This book looks at where offenders, targets, and guardians might live, and where they might spatially travel throughout the environment, exploring how vibrant neighborhoods are generated, how neighborhoods change, and what determines why some neighborhoods decline over time while others avoid this fate. Hipp’s theoretical model provides a cohesive response to the general question of the spatial scale of crime and articulates necessary future directions for the field. This book is essential for students and scholars interested in spatial-temporal criminology.
