Download or read book Credit Guarantees written by Michael Gudger and published by Food & Agriculture Org.. This book was released on 1998 with total page 154 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The problem of collateral is a daily issue for lenders and causes much debate in the development finance community. Given the difficulties experienced in arranging traditional forms of loan security, such as land or chattel mortgages, various collateral substitutes have been proposed. Among the substitutes for traditional collateral is the loan guarantee. Guarantee systems for loans have been proposed, planned and implemented in various countries. The assumption made by proponents of such a service is that the guarantee organization is either better informed about the risk of the loan than the lender or it is better structured financially to be able to manage the risk. Despite the apparent attractiveness of a loan guarantee, the empirical evidence available gives little encouragement. Nevertheless, interest in guarantees continues.
Download or read book Credit Guarantees written by Asian Development Bank and published by Asian Development Bank. This book was released on 2016-10-01 with total page 41 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Pacific Private Sector Development Initiative---a regional technical assistance facility cofinanced by the Asian Development Bank (ADB), the Government of Australia, and the Government of New Zealand---has undertaken landmark secured transaction reforms in eight Pacific Island countries. These reforms have unlocked the value in "movable" assets such as machinery, inventory, and accounts receivable for use as collateral in borrowing. They have the potential to benefit businesses and financial institutions that offer business loans. Yet, despite these reforms, financial institutions remain unwilling to lend. Businesses still find it hard to access the credit they need to grow, which in turn creates jobs and drives the economic activity so desperately needed in the Pacific. Credit guarantees are often proposed as an instrument to overcome this problem. However, as this publication demonstrates, there is no strong theoretical justification for their use.
Download or read book Credit Guarantee Institutions and SME Finance written by Paola Leone and published by Springer. This book was released on 2012-01-17 with total page 295 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book analyses and confronts the functioning of guarantee systems for SMEs in countries where these schemes had an important development. The book also highlights how the current financial crisis is modifying the guarantees schemes, through policy maker interventions.
Download or read book Loan Guarantees written by United States. General Accounting Office and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 28 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Agricultural Export Credit Guarantees written by United States. Congress. House. Committee on Foreign Affairs. Subcommittee on Economic Policy, Trade, and Environment and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 68 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Are There Synergies Between World Bank Partial Credit Guarantees and Private Lending written by Harry Huizinga and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1999 with total page 22 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: August 1997 One test of the efficacy of World Bank partial credit guarantees is whether they lower the interest rate and lengthen the effective maturity of the part of the credit not covered by the guarantee. Do they? Since 1994, the World Bank has provided partial credit guarantees to private financiers of several large infrastructure projects in developing countries. A major objective of the partial guarantee program is to leverage Bank resources so as to provide developing countries with better private credit terms. A real test of the efficacy of World Bank partial credit guarantees is whether they also lower the interest rate and lengthen the effective maturity of the part of the credit not covered by the World Bank guarantee. On the basis of deals closed so far, Huizinga finds no evidence that guarantees have affected nonguaranteed interest rates favorably, while the duration of the nonguaranteed credits remains relatively short. This paper-a product of the Development Research Group-is part of a larger effort in the group to evaluate the impact of World Bank guarantees.
Download or read book Roles of Financial Institutions and Credit Guarantees in Regional Revitalization in Japan written by Nobuyoshi Yamori and published by Springer. This book was released on 2019-08-10 with total page 92 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is about the roles that financial institutions are expected to play for revitalizing regional economies in Japan, which face several serious problems such as a rapidly aging population as well as a sharp decline in population. The Japanese government expects regional financial institutions to contribute to that revitalization. Actually, Japanese regional financial institutions have made various efforts to support small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) to increase their profitability and sustainability. However, the efforts have not yet produced adequate outcomes. To help clarify the reasons for the failures and to offer policy recommendations, the authors used four questionnaires to conduct surveys. They sent the questionnaires to the headquarters of regional financial institutions for Chapter 1 and to the staffs of regional financial institutions for Chapter 2. The government revised the Credit Guarantee System Reform Act in 2017 to promote financial institutions and credit guarantee corporations in order to proactively support SMEs, so in Chapter 3 the aims of the revised act are explained. Chapter 4 is based on a survey of startups that used the public credit guarantee. Finally, Chapter 5 is based on another, different questionnaire that was sent to SMEs to find out why they failed to improve their risk management and how financial institutions can help them to prepare for disasters. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, these questionnaire studies on regional revitalization have not been carried out elsewhere, making this book unique.
Download or read book Review of U S Department of Agriculture s Export Credit Guarantees Extended to Iraq written by United States. Congress. House. Committee on Agriculture. Subcommittee on Department Operations, Research, and Foreign Agriculture and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 424 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Export Credit Guarantee Program Restrictions and the Soviet Grain Sale written by United States. Congress. House. Committee on Agriculture. Subcommittee on Department Operations, Research, and Foreign Agriculture and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 100 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Impact evaluation of credit guarantee schemes in agriculture written by Benni, N. and published by Food & Agriculture Org.. This book was released on 2021-12-09 with total page 72 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: While a considerable amount of literature has been produced in the past decades on the overall experience of using partial credit guarantee schemes (PCGS) to overcome the credit gap in developing agriculture, what is still lacking nowadays is a structured and rigorous empirical evidence demonstrating the concrete impact of PCGS specifically established to unlock financing for agricultural SMEs. Most case studies available today only provide a descriptive analysis of the results, constraints and features of agriculture-specific PCGS, while lacking an impact evaluation approach (either fully experimental or quasi/non-experimental) whose findings could also be used to properly inform the design of future facilities and related policies. This working paper has been developed to assist in overcoming the current gap in empirical data on the impact of agricultural PCGS, by providing interested readers (whether policymakers, the academia, development agencies, or other stakeholders) with key information on technical and operational aspects of impact evaluations of credit guarantee schemes in agriculture, as well as recommendations on the feasibility of carrying out such evaluations with the aim of generating evidence on a more systematic basis. The hope is that public stakeholders interested in carrying out a proper impact evaluation of an agriculture-focused guarantee scheme can use the materials provided by this publication as a reference point for their work.
Download or read book Great Credit Guaranteed written by Arny Gold and published by Barbara Schwartz. This book was released on 2006-09 with total page 320 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Great Credit is essential today. Without great credit you cannot get a mortgage, finance a car, obtain a credit card or even charge a good meal at a fine restaurant. Whatever credit you can get you will pay a premium for. Nearly everything you buy on credit will be more costly. Great Credit...Guaranteed! begins with an in-depth explanation of how our credit system operates, and the key role the credit bureaus play in compiling and reporting credit. This book is designed to give you every legal tool you need to protect your credit rights and use them for your maximum protection...but that's only the beginning.A practical step-by-step system to establish, repair or build credit. Written by Americas Money Doctor, this is the perfect book for anyone with less than perfect credit, Turn bad credit or no credit into an A credit rating in only 90 Days. Complete with sample letters.
Download or read book Credit Guarantees written by Michael Gudger and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 127 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Loan Guarantees written by United States. General Accounting Office and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 34 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Credit Guarantee Institutions and SME Finance written by Paola Leone and published by Springer. This book was released on 2012-01-17 with total page 363 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book analyses and confronts the functioning of guarantee systems for SMEs in countries where these schemes had an important development. The book also highlights how the current financial crisis is modifying the guarantees schemes, through policy maker interventions.
Download or read book Law of Export Credit Insurance and Guarantees written by Cheng Lin and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2022-08-19 with total page 304 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Examining the law of export credit insurance and export credit guarantees, this book clarifies the legal nature of ECI and ECGs as insurance and guarantees respectively by comparing their legal characteristics regarding contract formation process, terms and conditions, duty of fair presentation, claim handling process and subrogation and recoveries. It further explores why some export credit agencies provide export credit guarantees in addition to export credit insurance, notwithstanding that an ECG is a more client-friendly product and easier than ECI for banks to use. Analysing the legal principles applicable to export credit insurance and export credit guarantees reflected by English case authorities and statutory law, the book is a doctrinal study informed by substantive empirical research. It studies a large number of export credit insurance and export credit guarantee contractual terms, to propose several model clauses and scrutinise the influences of the Insurance Act 2015 on ECI. This book is an important reference for students, academics and practitioners in the field of commercial and insurance law. In particular, it seeks to provide guidelines for all potential parties who wish to arrange an ECI/ECG transaction, including export credit agencies, private credit insurers, brokers, banks, exporters and buyers, to correctly identify and choose the suitable cover.
Download or read book International Differences in Entrepreneurship written by Josh Lerner and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 2010-06-15 with total page 366 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Often considered one of the major forces behind economic growth and development, the entrepreneurial firm can accelerate the speed of innovation and dissemination of new technologies, thus increasing a country's competitive edge in the global market. As a result, cultivating a strong culture of entrepreneurial thinking has become a primary goal throughout the world. Surprisingly, there has been little systematic research or comparative analysis to show how the growth of entrepreneurship differs among countries in various stages of development. International Differences in Entrepreneurship fills this void by explaining how a country's institutional differences, cultural considerations, and personal characteristics can affect the role that entrepreneurs play in its economy. Developing an understanding of the origins of entrepreneurs as well as the choices they make and the complexity of their activities across countries and industries are of central importance to this volume. In addition, contributors consider how environmental factors of individual economies, such as market regulation, government subsidies for banks, and support for entrepreneurial culture affect the industry and the impact that entrepreneurs have on growth in developing nations.
Download or read book Letters of Credit and Demand Guarantees Defences to Payment written by Deborah Horowitz and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2010-06-10 with total page 273 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is the first to provide an extensive analysis of the range of defences to payment under letters of credit and demand guarantees. It considers the extent to which different defences undermine the abstraction of these instruments. This is a fundamental issue, since letters of credit and demand guarantees are designed to be abstract, or autonomous, from the underlying contract that called for their use. The purpose of that abstraction is to provide certainty of payment, but the various defences diminish that certainty. The book examines the spectrum of defences that are frequently litigated and debated in international practice: fraud in the documents, nullity, fraud affecting deferred payment letters of credit, fraud as no honest belief, unconscionable conduct and illegality. Vitally, the book provides analysis of the relevant judicial decisions and offers clear practical guidance on which defences are most suitable for each instrument. As the instruments are heavily used in international trade, this work is particularly suited to financial and commercial law practitioners who draft agreements, as well as those who advise on disputes concerning these instruments. Accessible and engaging, the book is also relevant for academics and students.
