Download or read book Creation and Orientation of Nano crystals by Femtosecond Laser Light for Controlling Optical Non linear Response in Silica based Glasses written by Jing Cao and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Due to random disorder, a glass exhibits inversion symmetry such that second harmonic generation (SHG) is forbidden. However, by irradiation with a tightly focused femtosecond (fs) laser, it is possible to induce nonlinear optical crystal precipitation, in order to break the inversion symmetry and thus to induce SHG. Moreover, this can be achieved locally in three dimensions. For demonstration, we applied the procedure described below in the glass system Li2O-Nb2O5-SiO2 that allows the formation of LiNbO3 crystal, a highly non linear optical one. The procedure is thus the following: 1) adjustment of the glass chemical composition for obtaining a glass sensitive enough to fs laser. 2) control of the laser parameters (pulse duration, pulse repetition rate, speed of beam scanning, pulse energy...) for obtaining nanocrystals with correct space distribution and size. In addition, the size of the affected zone has to be limited. 3) control of the orientation of the nanocrystals. We show that it is possible to fulfill this condition by controlling the laser polarization orientation. This has been achieved by electron backscatter diffraction method (EBSD). In other words, this process can be controlled with light directly. In addition, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy coupled to scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM/EDS) and transmission electron microscopy revealed an orientable microstructure similar to the one called nanogratings form in silica. The originality here is a textured nonlinear optical nanocrystals embedded in a network of “walls” made of vitreous phase, aligned perpendicular to the laser polarization direction. It results that birefringence and nonlinear optical property can be mastered in the same time. This is a highly valuable aspect of the work. These findings highlight spectacular modifications of glass by fs laser radiation. With further improvements in the fabrication techniques, the application of this work is to achieve SHG waveguide and birefringence-based devices.

Download or read book Contribution to Nano Or Micro Crystallization Induction in Silica based Glass by Femtosecond Laser Irradiation written by Chaxing Fan and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Femtosecond laser processing in transparent materials is promising owing to the accessible control of energy deposition in time and in space. In this regime, it opens fantastic opportunities to manufacture novel multifunctional composite materials by manipulating the size, shape and orientation of nonlinear crystals with intrinsic symmetry embedded in glasses. This dissertation mainly contributes to the control of nano or micro crystallization inside silica-based glasses for the development of novel multifunctional electro-optical materials by femtosecond laser irradiation. We demonstrate the feasibilities of femtosecond laser materials processing for re-shaping linear and non-linear optical properties in silica-based glass by inducing or fabricating different micro/nanoclusters as well as their shapes and orientation (especially asymmetric clusters), sizes, and distributions (at the sub-micrometer scale). In this thesis, it firstly covers a chapter for the investigation on ultrafast asymmetric orientational writing in pure silica as well as in silica-based glass in order to well master the laser writing. We discuss the effects of the laser parameters on asymmetric writing such as writing speed and the laser polarization by the femtosecond-laser generated optical properties and structures, e.g., birefringence, phase change and surface topography of the cross section of laser tracks. The mechanism of orientational dependent writing is likely due to the oblique pulse front tilt affected by the polarization orientation plane leading to different anisotropic photosensitivity. 3D photo-precipitation of oriented LiNbO3-like crystals in glass with femtosecond laser irradiation is also achieved at high repetition rate (typ. 300 kHz). Oriented crystals with their polar axis mostly aligned with the laser scanning direction have been fabricated by manipulation of the temperature gradient in adjusting the laser parameters. Second harmonic generation (SHG) microscopy demonstrates optical activity of crystalline features and provides some orientation information suggestive of certain dominant or favored orientations. Electron back-scattering diffraction (EBSD) results provide more detailed local crystal orientation information and illustrate interesting features of the structure of the lines, with regions of distinctly different grain sizes and orientations. Furthermore, modeling the temperature gradient was proposed for better understanding the formation mechanism of the orientation of femtosecond laser-induced crystallization when the laser is moved (not only in the static mode). Quasi-spherical or quasi-rod gold nanoparticles in silica-based glass can be re-shaped by femtosecond laser irradiation studying through their properties, and their orientation appears to be parallel to the written lines. Gold nanoparticles in the size range of 3-4 nm were precipitated by post heat-treatment. After ultrafast laser irradiation, optical absorption, birefringence and dichroism measurements are performed to investigate the modification of gold nanoparticle shape in glass. Theoretical simulations have been carried out to interpret the experimental results based on the Gans' theory and Drude model together with the known dielectric constants of gold. Furthermore, feasible applications and efficient design strategies are also referred for future devices based on micro/nanoclusters 3D precipitation, shaping and orientation mastering.

Download or read book Chemical Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 2692 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Femtosecond Laser Micromachining written by Roberto Osellame and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-03-05 with total page 485 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Femtosecond laser micromachining of transparent material is a powerful and versatile technology. In fact, it can be applied to several materials. It is a maskless technology that allows rapid device prototyping, has intrinsic three-dimensional capabilities and can produce both photonic and microfluidic devices. For these reasons it is ideally suited for the fabrication of complex microsystems with unprecedented functionalities. The book is mainly focused on micromachining of transparent materials which, due to the nonlinear absorption mechanism of ultrashort pulses, allows unique three-dimensional capabilities and can be exploited for the fabrication of complex microsystems with unprecedented functionalities.This book presents an overview of the state of the art of this rapidly emerging topic with contributions from leading experts in the field, ranging from principles of nonlinear material modification to fabrication techniques and applications to photonics and optofluidics.

Download or read book Optics Letters written by and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 806 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book 3D Laser Microfabrication written by Hiroaki Misawa and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2006-08-21 with total page 403 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A thorough introduction to 3D laser microfabrication technology, leading readers from the fundamentals and theory to its various potent applications, such as the generation of tiny objects or three-dimensional structures within the bulk of transparent materials. The book also presents new theoretical material on dielectric breakdown, allowing a better understanding of the differences between optical damage on surfaces and inside the bulk, as well as a look into the future. Chemists, physicists, materials scientists and engineers will find this a valuable source of interdisciplinary knowledge in the field of laser optics and nanotechnology.

Download or read book Glasses for Photonics written by Masayuki Yamane and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2000-05-11 with total page 283 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is an introduction to recent progress in the development and application of glass with special photonics properties. Glass has a number of structural and practical advantages over crystalline materials, including excellent homogeneity, variety of form and size, and the potential for doping with a variety of dopant materials. Glasses with photonic properties have great potential and are expected to play a significant role in the next generation of multimedia systems. Fundamentals of glass materials are explained in the first chapter, and the book then proceeds to a discussion of gradient index glass, laser glasses, nonlinear optical glasses and magneto-optical glasses. Beginning with the basic theory, the book discusses actual problems, performance and applications of glasses. The book will be of value to graduate students, researchers and professional engineers working in materials science, chemistry and physics with an interest in photonics and glass with special properties.

Download or read book Active Glass for Photonic Devices written by K. Hirao and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-11-11 with total page 240 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book deals with glass for high-tech applications in optoelectronic devices, focusing on new topics of fundamental importance in the application of active glasses in photonic devices. Most of the reports deal with glasses under action of higher electromagnetic fields, such as a femtosecond laser. Topics include manufacturing of the glass, analysis of induced structures in glasses, and some functional devices using active glasses.

Download or read book Springer Handbook of Lasers and Optics written by Frank Träger and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-05-05 with total page 1704 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This new edition features numerous updates and additions. Especially 4 new chapters on Fiber Optics, Integrated Optics, Frequency Combs and Interferometry reflect the changes since the first edition. In addition, major complete updates for the chapters: Optical Materials and Their Properties, Optical Detectors, Nanooptics, and Optics far Beyond the Diffraction Limit. Features Contains over 1000 two-color illustrations. Includes over 120 comprehensive tables with properties of optical materials and light sources. Emphasizes physical concepts over extensive mathematical derivations. Chapters with summaries, detailed index Delivers a wealth of up-to-date references.

Download or read book Design and Discovery of High Performance Nonlinear Optical Crystals for Laser Applications written by Jingyang He and published by . This book was released on 2023 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nonlinear optics (NLO) has had a remarkable impact on both fundamental science and technological applications thanks to their ability to convert one frequency to another of interest via combining or splitting photons. Through the NLO interactions, we can obtain a tunable spectrum, and the different lights generated are critical to a number of civil and military applications. For example, second harmonic generation (SHG) is a second-order NLO effect that combines two identical photons into one photon with twice the frequency. In addition, nonlinear optics is still the primary approach for generating entangled photons for quantum optics through the process of spontaneous parametric down-conversion (SPDC), which can be considered as a reverse process of SHG. However, the current challenge the NLO community faces is the lack of high-performance NLO single crystals, which is more severe in the infrared and ultraviolet regions. Developing new NLO crystals superior to the currently available materials is not an easy task because there are many competing demands on NLO crystals: high nonlinear coefficients, broad transparency range, large laser damage threshold (LDT), low optical absorption, phase-matchability of the NLO process for high-efficiency conversion, and the ability to grow large high-quality single crystals. The major obstacle is finding the balance between bandgap and nonlinearity: having a large bandgap generally leads to high LDT but small nonlinear coefficients. In this dissertation, several promising infrared and ultraviolet NLO crystals are explored and evaluated as future NLO candidates for practical applications. This dissertation in designing and discovering novel NLO materials aims to address these technological challenges. The central goal of this dissertation is to synthesize the promising NLO single crystals and perform optical characterization to show they exhibit high second-order NLO coefficients combined with large bandgaps for generating a broadband electromagnetic spectrum using nonlinear optics. This involves a number of different disciplines, including chemistry, physics, and materials science. Five promising NLO materials were identified and proven applicable for infrared laser systems. [gamma]-NaAs1-xSbxSe2 (x=0 or 0.05) described in Chapter 3 exhibits the highest non-resonant SHG coefficient among all known materials. They consist of one-dimensional (1D) infinite [(Sb/As)Se2]- chains aligned along the a-axis. In general, low dimensional microscopic structure (1D chains in this case) within a 3D crystal lattice can give rise to relatively flat bands and high density of states (DOS), which is beneficial for having large birefringence (the difference in refractive indices in different orientations, required for phase matching), large refractive indices and large non-resonant SHG nonlinear susceptibility. Large [gamma]-NaAs1-xSbxSe2 single crystals have been successfully synthesized, and giant SHG coefficients of d11 = 577 ± 60 pm V-1 and 648±74 pm V-1 were extracted for [gamma]-NaAsSe2 and [gamma]-NaAs0.95Sb0.05Se2 respectively, surpassing the commercial NLO crystal AgGaSe2 by over eighteen times. To understand the origin of the superior optical properties and develop the structure-property relationships, we further correlated the giant SHG coefficient with the crystallographic and electronic structure in collaboration with the first principles theory group from Northwestern University. In the case of [gamma]-NaAsSe2, we found it shows relatively flat bands, providing abundant excitation routes and large dipole transition matrix elements, which enhances both resonant and non-resonant linear and nonlinear susceptibilities. The lone pair electrons on the Se and As atoms contribute to the optical anisotropy and are the origin of the higher linear and nonlinear optical response in the [100] direction. This provides not only an understanding of the origin of the excellent optical performance but also guidance for future NLO crystal design and discovery. Moreover, the superior properties make this family a promising system for high-efficient laser applications. Chapter 4 describes a chalcophosphate crystal SnP2S6, which is a promising infrared NLO crystal. Large single crystals with dimensions up to 5mm were synthesized using the chemical vapor transport method. It consists of a chiral and layered atomic arrangement. The low dimensional microscopic units (2D layers) also give rise to large birefringence and SHG response, similar to [gamma]-NaAs1-xSbxSe2. Through optical SHG polarimetry, I extracted its complete NLO tensor and found a huge non-resonant SHG coefficient of d33=53 ± 6.4 pm V-1, much higher than AgGaSe2. In addition, it can be Type I and Type II phase-matched with high effective d of 20.4 pm V-1 and 15.2 pm V-1 respectively, promising for efficient frequency conversion. It also has a high LDT value, over three times better than the benchmark crystal ZnGeP2. These outstanding properties make SnP2S6 a promising bulk NLO crystal for high-power infrared lasers. A metal pnictide with the chalcopyrite structure MgSiP2 is described in Chapter 5, which also shows extraordinary optical properties, promising for NLO laser applications. A new synthesis method was discovered and modified for growing the polycrystalline sample. Large single crystals were also synthesized by the modified flux growth for optical studies. Different from the above-mentioned materials, it has a 3D diamond-like structure in which the bonds show strong covalency, leading to large dipole moments and thus high SHG response. It exhibits a high SHG coefficient of 89 pm V-1, about three times larger than AgGaSe2. The calculation predicts that its SHG coefficient can be directly Type I and Type II phase-matched. It also demonstrates a giant laser damage threshold value over six times better than commercial crystal ZnGeP2. Lastly, an ultraviolet NLO crystal EuBa3B9O18, is explored as described in Chapter 6. Single crystal synthesis was reported for the first time using the floating zone method. Different from previous literature, we find it has broken inversion symmetry, making it SHG active. The complete linear and nonlinear susceptibility tensors were investigated. Further, the SHG performance is correlated with the delocalized [pi], which is highly polarizable when an electric field is applied. In summary, this dissertation discovers several excellent NLO crystals for infrared and ultraviolet laser applications and systematically investigates their optical properties necessary for commercialization. The chapters in this dissertation provide detailed information on synthesis and the optical characterization techniques used, such as ellipsometry, Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and SHG polarimetry. Structure-property relationships were developed to understand the physical properties of these crystals and aim to shed light on the NLO crystal discovery and engineering.

Download or read book Advances in Photonic Crystals and Devices written by Narendra Kumar and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2019-09-06 with total page 358 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In recent decades, there has been a phenomenal growth in the field of photonic crystal research and has emerged as an interdisciplinary area. Photonic crystals are usually nanostructured electromagnetic media consisting of periodic variation of dielectric constant, which prohibit certain electromagnetic wave frequency ranges called photonic bandgaps to propagate through them. Photonic crystals elicited numerous interesting features by unprecedented control of light and their exploitation is a promising tool in nanophotonics and designing optical components. The book ‘Advances in Photonic Crystals and Devices’ is designed with 15 chapters with introductory as well as research and application based contents. It covers the following highlighted features: Basics of photonic crystals and photonic crystal fibers Different theoretical as well as experimental approaches Current research advances from around the globe Nonlinear optics and super-continuum generation in photonic crystal fibers Magnetized cold plasma photonic crystals Liquid crystal defect embedded with graphene layers Biophysics and biomedical applications as optical sensors Two-dimensional photonic crystal demultiplexer Optical logic gates using photonic crystals A large number of references The goal of this book is to draw the background in understanding, fabrication and characterization of photonic crystals using a variety of materials and their applications in design of several optical devices. Though the book is useful as a reference for the researchers working in the area of photonics, optical computing and fabrication of nanophotonic devices, it is intended for the beginners like students pursuing their masters’ degree in photonics.

Download or read book Femtosecond Laser 3D Micromachining for Microfluidic and Optofluidic Applications written by Koji Sugioka and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-09-24 with total page 131 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Femtosecond lasers opened up new avenue in materials processing due to its unique features of ultrashort pulse width and extremely high peak intensity. One of the most important features of femtosecond laser processing is that strong absorption can be induced even by materials which are transparent to the femtosecond laser beam due to nonlinear multiphoton absorption. The multiphoton absorption allows us to perform not only surface but also three-dimensionally internal microfabrication of transparent materials such as glass. This capability makes it possible to directly fabricate three-dimensional microfluidics, micromechanics, microelectronics and microoptics embedded in the glass. Further, these microcomponents can be easily integrated in a single glass microchip by the simple procedure using the femtosecond laser. Thus, the femtosecond laser processing provides some advantages over conventional methods such as traditional semiconductor processing or soft lithography for fabrication of microfluidic, optofludic and lab-on-a-chip devices and thereby many researches on this topic are currently being carried out. This book presents a comprehensive review on the state of the art and future prospects of femtosecond laser processing for fabrication of microfluidics and optofludics including principle of femtosecond laser processing, detailed fabrication procedures of each microcomponent and practical applications to biochemical analysis.

Download or read book Electrical Electronics Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 1904 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Halide Perovskites written by Tze-Chien Sum and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2019-03-25 with total page 312 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Real insight from leading experts in the field into the causes of the unique photovoltaic performance of perovskite solar cells, describing the fundamentals of perovskite materials and device architectures. The authors cover materials research and development, device fabrication and engineering methodologies, as well as current knowledge extending beyond perovskite photovoltaics, such as the novel spin physics and multiferroic properties of this family of materials. Aimed at a better and clearer understanding of the latest developments in the hybrid perovskite field, this is a must-have for material scientists, chemists, physicists and engineers entering or already working in this booming field.

Download or read book Ultrafast Photonics written by A. Miller and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2019-08-22 with total page 325 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ultrafast photonics has become an interdisciplinary topic of high international research interest because of the spectacular development of compact and efficient lasers producing optical pulses with durations in the femtosecond time domain. Present day long-haul telecommunications systems are almost entirely based on the transmission of short burst

Download or read book Photonic Crystals written by Jean-Michel Lourtioz and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-03-19 with total page 514 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides the theoretical background required for modelling photonic crystals and their optical properties, while presenting the large variety of devices where photonic crystals have found application. As such, it aims at building bridges between optics, electromagnetism and solid state physics. This second edition includes the most recent developments of two-dimensional photonic crystal devices, as well as some of the last results reported on metamaterials.

Download or read book Femtosecond Laser Matter Interaction written by Eugene G. Gamaly and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2011-10-06 with total page 370 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is the first comprehensive treatment of the interaction of femtosecond laser pulses with solids at nonrelativistic intensity. It connects phenomena from the subtle atomic motion on the nanoscale to the generation of extreme pressure and temperature in the interaction zone confined inside a solid. The femtosecond laser-matter interaction has already found numerous applications in industry, medicine, and materials science. However, there is no consensus on the interpretation of related phenomena. With mathematics kept to a minimum, this is a highly engaging and readable treatment for students and researchers in science and engineering. The book avoids complex mathematical formulae, and hence the content is accessible to nontechnical readers. Useful summaries after each chapter provide compressed information for quick estimates of major parameters in planned or performed experiments. The book connects the basic physics of femtosecond laser-solid interactions to a broad range of applications. Throught the text, basic assumptions are derived from the first principles, and new results and ideas are presented. From such analyses, a qualitative and predictive framework for the field emerges, the impact of which on applications is also discussed.