Download or read book Creating a Separate Space Force Challenges and Opportunities for an Effective Efficient Independent Space Service written by RAND Corporation and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book A Separate Space written by Michael Spirtas and published by Rand Corporation. This book was released on 2020-03-13 with total page 194 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As the United States creates the Space Force as a service within the Department of the Air Force, RAND assessed which units to bring into the Space Force, analyzed career field sustainability, and drew lessons from other defense organizations. The report focuses on implications for effectiveness, efficiency, independence, and sense of identity for the new service.

Download or read book Space Capstone Publication Spacepower written by Us Government United States Space Force and published by . This book was released on 2020-08-11 with total page 80 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book, Space Capstone Publication Spacepower: Doctrine for Space Forces, is capstone doctrine for the United States Space Force and represents our Service's first articulation of an independent theory of spacepower. This publication answers why spacepower is vital for our Nation, how military spacepower is employed, who military space forces are, and what military space forces value. In short, this capstone document is the foundation of our professional body of knowledge as we forge an independent military Service committed to space operations. Like all doctrine, the SCP remains subject to the policies and strategies that govern its employment. Military spacepower has deterrent and coercive capacities - it provides independent options for National and Joint leadership but achieves its greatest potential when integrated with other forms of military power. As we grow spacepower theory and doctrine, we must do so in a way that fosters greater integration with the Air Force, Army, Navy, Marine Corps, and Coast Guard. It is only by achieving true integration and interdependence that we can hope to unlock spacepower's full potential.

Download or read book The Case for Space written by U. S. Military and published by . This book was released on 2019-09-05 with total page 96 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper examines the USAF role in managing space and makes recommendations for the future of space in the United States military. Though it echoes specific recommendations made elsewhere by previous authors, the main purpose of this paper is to consider a legislative framework required to sever space from Air Force oversight, and to establish a separate United States Space Force (USSF) under the Department of Defense. The paper begins by examining the historical evolution and fractured history of space in the United States government's bureaucratic machine. Next, this paper looks at multiple reports calling for changes in space leadership and oversight, and the inability to effect meaningful change, evaluating the need for an independent Space Force. It then discusses the various roles and missions an independent space force would assume. Finally, it discusses the legal framework necessary to establish a USSF and analyzes a legislative proposal. Though this paper advocates for standing up a separate USSF, the true value of this paper is the legislation proposed in Appendix 2, and the analysis of that proposal herein. Simply considering the specific recommendations in that enabling legislation is beneficial should the United States move toward establishing a USSF.This compilation includes a reproduction of the 2019 Worldwide Threat Assessment of the U.S. Intelligence Community.The similarities between child in need of care cases and the current United States Air Force (USAF) oversight of national security space are unfortunately striking. The Air Force has been unable to properly care for space, and like the removal of the Air Force from the purview of the United States Army in 1947, removing space from Air Force management and oversight may be in the best interests of both parent and child. Congress and the Department of Defense (DOD) gave the Air Force a "parenting plan" of sorts, and for years the Air Force has failed to make significant progress on that plan and demonstrated an inability to complete that plan successfully. Time has run out, and the best interest of space dictates removal from the USAF. "Space is a war-fighting domain, just like the land, air, and sea... we have the Air Force, we'll have the Space Force." President Trump's words reflect the ever-growing reality that the character of warfare is changing. Much like the air domain from the end of World War I through World War II, space has emerged and evolved as a war-fighting domain. Rather than the supporting role space served up to this point, warfare in the future is likely to extend or even begin within the space domain. Additionally, as the burgeoning commercial space economy continues to grow, so too will the need for security and protection of lines of commerce grow. Unfortunately, the current USAF construct is ill equipped to meet and overcome the challenges presented by such a change in the character of war, and a new dynamic is necessary.This paper examines the USAF role in managing space and makes recommendations for the future of space in the United States military. Though it echoes specific recommendations made elsewhere by previous authors, the main purpose of this paper is to consider a legislative framework required to sever space from Air Force oversight, and to establish a separate United States Space Force (USSF) under the DOD. The paper begins by examining the historical evolution and fractured history of space in the United States government's bureaucratic machine. Next, this paper looks at multiple reports calling for changes in space leadership and oversight, and the inability to effect meaningful change without creating an independent USSF.

Download or read book United States Space Force An Introduction written by G. J. Maier and published by Independently Published. This book was released on 2019-04-16 with total page 61 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The United States Space Force, An Introduction - Key Concepts and Overall ProgressionSpace-based capabilities provide integral support to military, commercial, and civilian applications. Longstanding technological and cost barriers to space are falling, enabling more countries and commercial firms to participate in satellite construction, space launch, space exploration, and human spaceflight. Although these advancements are creating new opportunities, new risks for space-enabled services have emerged. Having seen the benefits of space-enabled operations, some foreign governments are developing capabilities that threaten others' ability to use space.The Derpartment of Defense proposes to establish, in Fiscal Year 2020, a United States Space Force as a separate branch of the Armed Forces within the Department of the Air Force. If authorized, the Secretary of the Air Force will be responsible for organizing, training, and equipping two separate and distinct Military Services: the United States Space Force and the United States Air Force. A uniformed 4-star Chief of Staff of the Space Force would serve as a member of the Joint Chiefs of Staff. A new Under Secretary for Space would provide dedicated civilian supervision of the Space Force.The U.S. military must posture itself to assure freedom of operation in space, to deter attacks, and, when necessary, to defeat adversary space and counterspace threats to the national security interests of the United States and its allies and partners.

Download or read book Mastering the Ultimate High Ground Next Steps in the Military Uses of Space written by Benjamin S. Lambeth and published by Rand Corporation. This book was released on 1999-04-19 with total page 213 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Assesses the military space challenges facing the Air Force and the nation in light of the findings and recommendations of the Space Commission. The author reviews the Air Force?'s involvement in space since its creation as an independent service in 1947; examines the circumstances that occasioned the commission?'s creation and the conceptual and organizational roadblocks that have impeded a more rapid growth of U.S. military space capability; and enumerates the challenges facing the Air Force with respect to space.

Download or read book Establishing a Space Profession Within the U S Space Force written by Bryan M. Titus and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 28 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "The United States demonstrated its strategic commitment to the space domain by reestablishing U.S. Space Command and creating the U.S. Space Force. For the last two decades, the Air Force wrestled with the imperative to develop a cadre of military space professionals. The emergent Space Force provides an opportunity to revisit the topic of space professionalism and consider its importance within the space service. The Air Force made important strides in space professional development, including training, education, and certification, but its focus centered on the individual space professional rather than the institutional space profession. Professions require a focus not only on competence, but on other factors such as character, commitment, trust, and stewardship at the institutional and individual level. The 2001 Space Commission recognized the importance of developing a space-minded workforce. Despite Air Force efforts to implement Space Commission recommendations, space programs continued to experience significant cost and schedule overruns and multiple government reports identified shortfalls in space workforce expertise, particularly in space acquisitions. The successful development of space professionals at the individual level requires the firm establishment of a space profession at the institutional level, as well as an institutional commitment to properly resource the profession. The Space Force should formally define and establish a space profession of arms because it provides members with a foundation, it mitigates service tendencies to behave as a bureaucracy, national-level policies and assessments consistently emphasize the need for space professionals, the emerging strategic environment demands an effective space workforce, and the Space Force provides the opportunity to revisit space professionalism. This paper recommends four specific actions for instituting a military space profession within the Space Force."--Abstract.

Download or read book Looking in the Mirror written by Marshall L. Tillis and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 80 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Over the past few years, there has been much debate on the necessity to develop a US Space Force. In 2018, the Department of Defense received presidential direction to develop a plan and put in place the foundational structure for the US Space Force with an expedient timeline of 2020. The creation of the Space Force would be the first addition of a service branch since the establishment of the Air Force in 1947. Space Force framers are moving fast to craft a service independence plan but would be well served by taking a moment to reflect on lessons of the past. This study aims to capture some of the lessons from the establishment of the US Air Force, specifically regarding its priorities. The key question is: Can an analysis of the establishment of the Air Force help inform prioritization of key tasks for the establishment of the US Space Force? To answer this question, this study examines how contextual factors constrained the Air Force from achieving its top priority, to establish a modern and efficient 70-group force. Within this priority, Air Force leaders focused on three foundational components: establish an effective organizational structure, gain the requisite personnel, and develop domain-specific technological capability. This study will examine issues and the results associated with each of these components. Following this examination, the study concludes that the US Space Force may also be constrained by contextual factors and should consider similar priority components as an early focus for the establishment of the Space Force."--Abstract.

Download or read book United States Department of the Space Force written by John D. Cinnamon and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 79 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "In 2008, the Independent Assessment Panel on the Organization and Management of National Security Space (NSS) reported to Congress that the military and intelligence space programs are fragmented, disorganized, inefficient, and ineffective. Without strong leadership and a unifying vision, the United States (US) space enterprise is losing its advantage over competing nations. The nation must address this erosion of capability with vigor in the near term. Inaction threatens US national interests. The US should create a separate military Department of the Space Force. This work begins with a summary of the current strategic space environment, examines the fragmented state of the existing space enterprise, and establishes a framework for evaluating NSS. Having established the current NSS environment, it examines the genesis of the US Air Force (USAF). Air and airpower possess a set of specific characteristics that justify a distinct military service. This work then evaluates space and space power using the same series of attributes that validate a separate Air Force. Based on these attributes, the unique characteristics of space and space forces require the creation of a new Space Force. This work offers an organizational evolution for the current US space enterprise to address the significant issues that threaten the nation's ability to achieve national objectives. This necessary evolution is a Department of the Space Force."--Abstract

Download or read book A Fork in the Path to the Heavens the Emergence of an Independent Space Force written by Major Jeffrey R., Jeffrey Swegel, USAF and published by CreateSpace. This book was released on 2012-09-30 with total page 62 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The issues confronted by Britain and the U.S. early in the last century regarding their emerging air power capabilities were hotly debated, and the final decisions for the creation of independent Air Forces was made based on several factors, not all of which have been sufficiently explored. In the same way today, due to its huge technological advantages, the United States faces a difficult decision with regard to its space forces. The arguments for or against creation of an independent space force all have merit, but the final decision will have lasting impact on national defense. This monograph examines the current environment with regard to United States space capabilities in an attempt to determine when, if ever, the nation should create an independent service for space. To do this, it uses the U.S. Army concept of Force Development to analyze the Doctrine, Training, Leadership, Organization, Materiel and Soldier (DTLOMS) development processes. First it evaluates the concepts and programs of Britain and the United States during their attempts to come to terms with early 20th century emerging air power capabilities. This sets the framework for the reader and provides insight into the reasons why separation of the air arm was necessary if those nations were to maintain their warfighting capabilities. Once the groundwork is laid by looking at early air power, an examination of current U.S. Army, Navy and Air Force policies toward their respective services' space cadres is made using the same DTLOMS criteria to determine the effectiveness of each service's approach. Finally, by comparing the air power and space situations, and placing the latter within current U.S. national security objectives, it makes a judgment as to the effectiveness of the current space structure. The author asks if national interests would best be served by creation of an independent service now, and if not, what conditions could present themselves that would cause the national needs to best be served by the creation of a separate service. The author finds that we are at a defining moment in history with regard to U.S. aerospace dominance. The transition of space from a war-enabling medium to a war-fighting medium is upon us. With this realization, he concludes that the current national space structure is hampering development of U.S. space forces that could allow potential adversaries to close the capabilities gap. If the U.S. is to maintain its lead, it should soon move to separate space forces along the same model as that of the creation of the USAF in 1947.

Download or read book A Separate Space Force written by Kurt S. Story and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 34 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book A Separate Space Force an 80 Year Old Argument written by Chaplain Colonel Usaf Mi Whittington and published by CreateSpace. This book was released on 2012-09-24 with total page 26 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since the end of the Gulf War, the debate over whether there should be a separate space service, equal with the Air Force, Army, and Navy, has grown in proportion to the indispensable value of space operations to our nation's defense. Increasing dependency on space-systems is a fact of military life. In this we-documented essay, Col. Michael C. Whittington compares the leading arguments for a separate space force to the cogent arguments for an independent air force made by airpower advocates during the interwar years of 1920-1940. The airpower issues in 1920 and the space power issues of today are strikingly similar, revolving around four key issues: leadership, doctrine, technology, and funding. The irony, or course, it that these arguments, which helped created an independent air force in 1947, are challenged by many within today's Air Force leadership, which leads Colonel Whittington to ask, "if there were cogent in 1920, would they not be relevant today?" Interestingly, the author, though a professional Air Force officer, is neither a space operators nor a pilot. Colonel Whittington's purpose is not to propose a separate space force but rather to provide the reader with an unbiased perspective of the arguments for and against. Though all agree that aerospace power is at a critical juncture, senior leaders are divided as to which direction the Air Force should pursue regarding space. Space separatists want space warfare freed from control of "air" commanders, argue that space power doctrine cannot be built upon airpower doctrine, contend that space is a wholly different technological medium, and want to free space funding from competition with Air Force fighter and bomber programs. Whichever road is taken - whether a separate space force or an Air Force with a greater emphasis in space - the shift from an airpower to a space power culture is inevitable. And, when this shift occurs, the author argues, the Air Force "would do well to remember its own history."

Download or read book A Separate Space Force written by Michael C. Whittington and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 19 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The end of the Gulf War, the debate over whether there should be a separate space service, equal with the Air Force, Army, and Navy, has grown in proportion to the indispensable value of space operations to our nation2s defense. Increasing dependency on space-systems is a fact of military life. In this well-documented essay, Col Michael C. Whittington compares the leading arguments for a separate space force to the cogent arguments for an independent air force made by airpower advocates during the interwar years of 192061940. The airpower issues in 1920 and the space power issues of today are strikingly similar, revolving around four key issues: leadership, doc-trine, technology, and funding. The irony, of course, is that these arguments, which helped create an independent air force in 1947, are challenged by many within today2s Air Force leadership, which leads Colonel Whittington to ask, 3If they were cogent in 1920, would they not be relevant today?4.

Download or read book The Case for Space written by Matthew J Neil Usaf and published by . This book was released on 2020-06-25 with total page 84 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper examines the United States Air Force's role in managing spaceand provides recommendations for the future of space in the US military.Though it echoes specific recommendations made elsewhere by previous authors, the primary purpose of this paper is to consider the legislative framework required to sever space from Air Force oversight and establish a separateUnited States space force (USSF) under the Department of Defense. The paperbegins by examining the historical evolution and fractured history of space inthe US government's bureaucratic machine. Next, this paper looks at multiplereports calling for changes in space leadership and oversight, the inability toeffect meaningful change, and an evaluation of the need for an independentspace force. It then discusses the various roles and missions an independentspace force would assume. Finally, it discusses the legal framework necessaryto establish a USSF and analyzes a legislative proposal. Though this paper advocates for "standing up" a separate USSF, the actual value of this paper is inthe legislation proposed in Appendix 2, and the analysis of that proposal.Merely considering the specific recommendations in that enabling legislationis beneficial should the United States move toward establishing a USSF.

Download or read book Creating a New Military Service written by U. S. Military and published by Independently Published. This book was released on 2018-12-11 with total page 96 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper examines the defense organizational responses to the emergence of air and space as warfighting domains and, using these experiences as points of comparison, applies the same logic to consider the question: Should the Department of Defense create an independent US Cyber Force? The author determines that the Army Air Forces had achieved de facto independent status within the War Department by 1942, but airpower advocates continued to press for separation to more effectively advocate for budget share. In 1947 five forces aligned for the first time to support separating air forces from the army: airpower had proven successful in recent combat during World War II; the Army Air Forces had matured into an autonomous institution capable of independence; Army and War Department leadership actively supported a separate airpower service; vigorous Presidential support emerged for airpower to have organizational parity; and a comprehensive reorganization of nation's security apparatus was underway. In contrast, none of these factors were present when the Space Commission elected not to recommend the creation of an independent space force in 2001. With respect to cyber forces, only one of the five factors, broader national security reform, is partially met. As a result, creation of an independent cyber service appears unlikely in the near term.It took over 40 years of military experience with the air weapon and two global wars for the United States Congress to establish an independent United States Air Force. In the same way that organizational independence strengthened airpower, military space operations would benefit greatly from organizational differentiation, independent doctrine and leadership development, and tailored administrative support. The lack of a credible existential threat to national security from that domain, however, has hindered the effort to make the leap to an independent space corps or force. Finding an insufficient and incoherent cadre of space leaders and doctrine in 2001, the Space Commission nudged the Air Force bureaucracy down a path which may in the future be more conducive to organizational independence for space power.At present, none of the five critical factors for separation as identified analysis of Air Force independence align in favor of a separate cyber service. First, there is no recent record of cyberspace combat success that compares in scope or impact to that of airpower in World War II. Second, unlike the cohesive Army Air Forces which formed the corpus of the United States Air Force upon its creation in 1947, cyberspace forces today are spread throughout the four existing services.Third, none of the existing services has indicated a willingness to cede its role in the cyberspace mission, and the resources currently allocated to it, to form a cyber service. In contrast, Army and War Department leadership in 1947 actively supported the transfer of resources necessary to create the United States Air Force. Fourth, the President's cyberspace policy takes no position on the internal Department of Defense organizational construct; unlike in the case for airpower, when President Truman unequivocally advocated for a separate Air Force. The case for the fifth factor, comprehensive national security reorganization, is less straightforward. While several defense-reform efforts are presently underway in Congress with at least a modicum of support from the Defense Secretary, it is unclear if they will approach the transformative scope of the 1947 reorganization which birthed the Air Force. Nevertheless, with none of the other four factors aligned in favor of cyber independence at this time, creation of a cyber service appears highly unlikely in the near term.

Download or read book Whither Space Power written by Simon P. Worden and published by . This book was released on 2005-01-01 with total page 168 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The influence of space power pervades almost every sphere and level of human existence, from politics to military affairs to commercial activities to cultural mind-sets. Yet there is little to be found today in the way of coherent space power doctrine and strategy, particularly in national security circles. To what extent do our national interests rely on space? How shall we defend our interests in space and how shall we deny our adversaries the benefits of space power in time of conflict? How can we control and exploit the space environment? How can we effectively wield space power against the full spectrum of threats -- from the lone terrorist to global peer competitors? What should be our long-range strategy and objectives if our goal is to achieve and maintain long-term space superiority? The purpose of this paper is two fold: first, to illuminate the historical and ever-increasing importance of space in modern society; and second, to prescribe, in view of this importance, the foundations of a strategy for achieving lasting space superiority and ensuring national and world security.

Download or read book Defense Against the Dark Arts in Space written by Todd Harrison and published by Rowman & Littlefield. This book was released on 2021-10-20 with total page 53 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The proliferation of counterspace weapons across the globe often calls into question what can be done to best protect satellites from attack. This analysis from the CSIS Aerospace Security Project addresses different methods and technologies that can be used by the United States government, and others, to deter adversaries from attack. A wide range of active and passive defenses are available to protect space systems and the ground infrastructure they depend upon from different types of threats. This report captures a range of active and passive defenses that are theoretically possible and discusses the advantages and limitations of each. A group of technical space and national security experts supported the analysis by working through several plausible scenarios that explore a range of defenses that may be needed, concepts for employing different types of defenses, and how defensive actions in space may be perceived by others. These scenarios and the findings that resulted from subsequent conversations with experts are reported in the penultimate chapter of the report. Finally, the CSIS Aerospace Security Project team offers conclusions drawn from the analysis, actionable recommendations for policymakers, and additional research topics to be explored in future work.