Download or read book Covid 19 Pandemic And Energy Markets Commodity Markets Cryptocurrencies And Electricity Consumption Under The Covid 19 written by Khaled Guesmi and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2021-09-15 with total page 142 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The World Health Organization confirmed COVID-19 a pandemic on March 11, 2020, causing vast impact on international economy. The coronavirus pandemic has given rise to an unprecedented global health and economic crises. Apart from the toll of early deaths, economic activities have been stalled and stock markets have tumbled, while a wide range of energy markets — including oil, gas and renewable energy — have been severely affected. This crisis The pandemic has stressed the critical value of the health care infrastructure and electricity infrastructure. In view of the above, while governments and policy makers respond to these interlinked crises, they must not lose sight of a major challenge of our time: clean energy transitions.The pandemic has continued to to slow down the recovery of economic activities and consumption due to combination of many factors such as economic recession, expensive storage, warm climate, and enormous uncertainty. Mitigation and adaptation policies are crucial to overcoming the crisis. The commodity futures market will depend on the effectiveness of decision-makers' policies in containing the COVID-19 outbreak and reducing the negative effect of the pandemic on economic activities. This book seeks to throw light on the adverse effects of COVID-19 through enhanced scientific and multi-disciplinary knowledge. The chapters in the book show that the energy, stock, crypto-currencies markets are vulnerable to the surge in coronavirus deaths.

Download or read book Commodity dependent Countries in the COVID 19 Crisis written by Bernhard Tröster and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The global spread of the corona virus is a massive challenge for countries in the Global South. Beyond the health crisis, many countries face economic turmoil linked to their dependence on commodities. Commodity markets have reacted strongly to the COVID-19 crisis with drastic price movements and changes in production and demand due to the policy measures to contain the pandemic. As a result, commodity-dependent countries face the serious risk that the current multiple and simultaneous crises in health, financial and commodity sectors mutually reinforce each other and exceed the abilities of commodity-dependent countries for a proper response. The vast majority of low- and middle-income countries (102 of 134) are persistently dependent on commodities on their export and import side. This ÖFSE Briefing Paper portrays, therefore, the current commodity price developments and the underlying fundamental drivers in the current crisis, considering the unique changes to supply and demand conditions in the different types of commodities. Most importantly, we note that global commodity prices are largely determined on commodity futures markets. As these futures prices are used as the benchmarks for all other prices set along physical commodity chains, the changing behavior of financial investors in the current crisis plays a crucial role in the current challenges faced by commodity-dependent countries. These changes in commodity sectors have multiple implications for commodity-dependent countries in the Global South. Beyond the risks of short-term shocks including potential food crises, these countries might have to deal with depressed export earnings and changing global demand patterns as medium- to long-term effects of the COVID-19 crisis. Appropriate policy responses should address rapidly the short-term financial constraints of many commoditydependent countries in the Global South, but also support policies and capacities in the public and private sectors to advance structural transformation of these countries. However, the stable economic conditions required to implement these measures depend on the stability of commodity prices. It is therefore necessary to reopen the debate on the functioning of global commodity markets and pricing, which revolves around financial commodity markets.

Download or read book The Impact of COVID 19 Pandemic on WTI Crude Milk and Agricultural Commodities written by Tam Tran and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A historic drop in the May 2020 futures for WTI crude was recorded at around minus $37.63 per barrel on April 21, 2020 due to the combination of rising supply, falling demand and diminishing storage availability during the pandemic. Thecrude oil market appeared to be in a state of what I refer to as hyper-contango. Hyper- contango is a rare event in which the costs of storage are so high that owners in the spot market or hedgers in long positions are squeezed by the demand for storage and the non-disposability of the commodity. The research develops a theory of storage that allows the relation between storage cost and spot price under hyper-contango to drive prices negatively. In particular, the research links a storage decision to the framework of marginal costs of production and utility maximization to demonstrate the pressure of dramatically high storage cost on the crash of spot and nearby futures to the extent that the crude oil market is in hyper-contango during the pandemic. In addition, the research analyzes the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the spot price, basis, arithmetic spot price changes, logarithmic spot price changes and arithmetic basis changes of WTI crude, milk and agricultural commodities. The research also compares the changes in basis and spot prices of soybeans between the COVID-19 pandemic and Sino-US trade war.

Download or read book Effects of COVID 19 and other shocks on Papua New Guinea s food economy A multi market simulation analysis written by Diao, Xinshen and published by Intl Food Policy Res Inst. This book was released on 2021-02-19 with total page 51 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Understanding how the Papua New Guinea (PNG) agricultural economy and associated household consumption is affected by climate, market and other shocks requires attention to linkages and substitution effects across various products and the markets in which they are traded. In this study, we use a multi-market simulation model of the PNG food economy that explicitly includes production, consumption, external trade and prices of key agricultural commodities to quantify the likely impacts of a set of potential shocks on household welfare and food security in PNG. In this study, we use a multi-market simulation model of the PNG food economy that explicitly includes production, consumption, external trade and prices of key agricultural commodities to quantify the likely impacts of a set of potential shocks on household welfare and food security in PNG. We have built the model to be flexible in order to explore different potential scenarios and then identify where and how households are most affected by an unexpected shock. The model is designed using region and country-level data sources that inform the structure of the PNG food economy, allowing for a data-driven evaluation of potential impacts on agricultural production, food prices, and food consumption. Thus, as PNG confronts different unexpected challenges within its agricultural economy, the model presented in this paper can be adapted to evaluate the potential impact and necessary response by geographic region of an unexpected economic shock on the food economy of the country. We present ten simulations modeling the effects of various shocks on PNG’s economy. The first group of scenarios consider the effects of shocks to production of specific agricultural commodities including: 1) a decrease on maize and sorghum output due to Fall Armyworm; 2) reduction in pig production due to a potential outbreak of African Swine Fever; 3) decline in sweet potato production similar to the 2015/16 El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) climate shock; and 4) a decline in poultry production due to COVID-19 restrictions on domestic mobility and trade. A synopsis of this report, which focuses on the COVID-19 related shocks on the PNG economy is also available online (Diao et al., 2020).1 The second group of simulations focus on COVID-19-related changes in international prices, increased marketing costs in international and domestic trade, and reductions in urban incomes. We simulate a 1) 30 percent increase in the price of imported rice, 2) a 30 percent decrease in world prices for major PNG agricultural exports, 3) higher trade transaction costs due to restrictions on the movement of people (traders) and goods given social distancing measures of COVID-19, and 4) potential economic recession causing urban household income to fall by 10 percent. Finally, the last simulation considers the combined effect of all COVID-19 related shocks combining the above scenarios into a single simulation. A key result of the analysis is that urban households, especially the urban poor, are particularly vulnerable to shocks related to the Covid-19 pandemic. Lower economic activity in urban areas (assumed to reduce urban non-agricultural incomes by 10 percent), increases in marketing costs due to domestic trade disruptions, and 30 percent higher imported rice prices combine to lower urban incomes by almost 15 percent for both poor and non-poor urban households. Urban poor households, however, suffer the largest drop in calorie consumption - 19.8 percent, compared to a 15.8 percent decline for urban non-poor households. Rural households are much less affected by the Covid-19 related shocks modeled in these simulations. Rural household incomes, affected mainly by reduced urban demand and market disruptions, fall by only about four percent. Nonetheless, calorie consumption for the rural poor and non-poor falls by 5.5 and 4.2 percent, respectively.

Download or read book Oil Markets in the Post Covid 19 World written by Mohammed Hamdaoui and published by Trends Research & advisory. This book was released on 2020-01-01 with total page 47 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The scale of the socio-economic impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on the global economy has not been witnessed since the Great Depression. Isolation measures, implemented across the globe to contain the virus, confined hundreds of millions of people into their homes, bringing economic activities to a standstill. This crisis has impacted the oil and gas industry in an unprecedented manner. A massive decline in oil demand and a large oversupply, intensified by the price war between Russia and Saudi Arabia, has sent oil prices to levels unseen in decades. While the oil industry has faced several crises that have pushed it to find new ways to conduct business and adapt to changing conditions, the Covid-induced crisis has come when the industry is dealing with increased shareholder activism and intense pressure on the environmental front. Since this is a new phase for the industry, it could also become the catalyst that accelerates the transformation it has started to go through. Oil will continue to play an essential role in the energy mix for many decades. However, oil companies will have to navigate and manage an uncertain future as oil and gas projects will be riskier to develop and consequently require a higher rate of return. They will have to diversify their portfolios and continue shifting toward an integrated business model that embraces the changes caused by the energy transition and the growth in renewable and new technologies.

Download or read book Covid 19 and Cacophony of Coughing written by Hillary Chijindu Ezeaku and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Covid-19 outbreak has led to extensive declines in international commodity prices. The outbreak as well as measures fashioned to contain it has been weighing down on global supply chains and commodity prices. The pandemic has been accompanied with unprecedented shock that has disrupted both the demand and supply of commodities. In view of the widespread global impact of Covid-19, this paper analyses the impact of the outbreak on global commodity prices with particular emphasis on the energy, agricultural and metals and materials sectors using international global prices and indices to trend the movements. In the wake of oil price war and dampened oil demand, the energy sector was the most hit with 15% average monthly decline in energy indices between December 2019 and April 2020. Oil recorded its largest one-month plunge on record in March. Movements in coal indices showed more resilience to the pandemic compared to crude oil and natural gas. Base metals were the most affected sector after energy with -3.49% average monthly changes in indices between December 2019 and April 2020. Of the major base metals and minerals, aluminum appears less affected by the outbreak compared to copper and zinc. In contrast, precious metals prices and indices remain stable and is the only commodity sector with positive monthly average change (1.99%) during the period. Gold prices maintained steady gains while silver and platinum prices followed a similar but weaker trend. The agricultural commodity indices largely maintained strong upward movement but plummeted at monthly average of 0.89% between December 2019 and April 2020. Grains and cereals proved more resilient to Covid-19 pandemic compared to timber, beverages, raw materials, and oils & meals.

Download or read book Global Commodities written by Murad Harasheh and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-02-04 with total page 172 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: For many academics, students, and professionals, the field of commodities is a black box. This book explores commodities in a holistic manner, presenting concepts from a multidisciplinary business and financial perspective, and offering a panoramic view of the global commodity business and markets. In this book, the author presents core issues related to global commodities with recent data including COVID-19. The book introduces the key physical commodities traded globally and some related issues such as the global supply chain, global trading, transportation, storage, and how to finance global commodity trades. Then, it discusses how global commodity businesses and traders manage global risks related to commodity production (generation or extraction), transportation, storage, the final delivery, and currency exchange. Additionally, the book discusses financial commodities, the origins of global commodity derivatives and exchanges, the rationale behind the birth of commodity futures and trading, hedging, speculation, financialization, and manipulation of commodity markets, and how financial trading is executed in real life. In the last section, the author also discusses sustainability issues related to global commodities and the financial valuation aspects of the global commodity businesses supported by examples from real cases with recent data.

Download or read book Special Issue COVID 19 Impacts on Selected Commodities written by Andrew Schmitz and published by . This book was released on 2023 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Heterogeneity of COVID 19 Effects and Implications for Global Commodity Prices in the Medium Term written by Henri Kouam and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The COVID-19 has caused a retrenchment from riskier assets as the fallout has extended into the industrial sector, which has dropped in most advanced economies in recent months. This paper argues that a recovery in oil prices is likely over the medium-term from current levels, with an extended OPEC+ Russia agreement and a tentative recovery in China placing a floor on oil price futures. As such, this paper argues a convergence of Brent crude away from current lows towards $56 per barrel. Nevertheless, CEMAC countries should ensure intra-African trade is cleared in indigenous currencies whilst governments should seek to enhance the physical and digital infrastructure to lessen perceived structural impediments and boost the long-term potential growth rate.

Download or read book COVID 19 and Commodities written by Salamat Ali and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Impact of the COVID 19 Pandemic on Commodities Exports to China written by Marco Fugazza and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Pension Fund Economics and Finance written by Jacob Bikker and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2017-11-22 with total page 216 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Pension fund benefits are crucial for pensioners’ welfare and pension fund savings have accumulated to huge amounts, covering a major part of world-wide institutional investments. However, the literature on pension fund economics and finance is rather limited, caused, in part, to limited data availability. This book contributes to this literature and focuses on three important areas. The first is pension fund (in)efficiency, which has a huge impact on final benefits, particularly when annual spoilage accumulates over a lifetime. Scale economies, pension plans complexity and alternative pension saving plans are important issues. The second area is investment behavior and risk-taking. A key question refers to the allocation of investments over high risk/high return and relatively safe assets. Bikker investigates whether pension funds follow the life-cycle hypothesis: more risk and return for pension funds with young participants. Many pension funds are rather limited in size, which may raise the question how financially sophisticated the pension fund decision makers are: rather professionals or closer to unskilled private persons? The third field concerns two regulation issues. How do pension fund respond to shocks such as unexpected investment returns or changes in life expectancy? What are the welfare implications to the beneficiary for different methods of securing pension funding: solvency requirements, a pension guarantee fund, or sponsor support? This groundbreaking book will challenge the way pension fund economics is thought about and practiced.

Download or read book Community Empowerment Sustainable Cities and Transformative Economies written by Taha Chaiechi and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-01-12 with total page 699 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This edited volume presents the conference papers from the 1st International Conference on Business, Economics, Management, and Sustainability (BEMAS), organized by the Centre for International Trade and Business in Asia (CITBA) at James Cook University. This book argues that the orthodox methods of external risks, climate change adaptation plans, and sustainable economic growth in cities are no longer adequate. These methods, so far, have not only ignored the ongoing structural changes associated with economic development but also failed to account for evolving industries’ composition and the emergence of new comparative advantages and skills. Specifically, this book looks at the vulnerable communities and exposed areas, particularly in urban areas, that tend to experience higher susceptibility to external risks (such as climate change, natural disasters, and public health emergencies) have been largely ignored in incremental adaptation plans. Vulnerable communities and areas not only require different adaptive responses to climate risk but also possess unlocked adaptive capacity that can motivate different patterns of sustainable development to achieve the goals of the 2030 Agenda. It is essential, therefore, to view transformative growth and fundamental reorientation of economic resources as integral parts of the solution. Social disorganisation and vulnerability are other undesired outcomes of the unpredictable and widespread external economic shocks. This is due to a sudden and tough competition between members of society to acquire precious resources, most of which may be depleted during unprecedented events such as natural disasters or pandemics resulting in an even more chaotic and disorganised conditions.

Download or read book Understanding commodity markets to effectively address price increases and volatility in a post COVID 19 world written by Susan Newman and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Dependence on agro-commodity exports amongst low-income economies mean that they are uniquely vulnerable to balance of payment shocks. They are often also dependent on the imports of food crops and energy, resulting in a double burden in the post-COVID-19 period. In this paper, we review new and old theories of price formation in order to problematise price behaviour from the perspective of commodity dependent economies in the global South. In particular, we highlight the challenges of and imperative for macro-economic management and recent changes in commodity markets (namely financialization and supply chain restructuring) that must inform ways of managing price dynamics and mitigating implications for commodity dependent economies in light of the COVID-19 crisis and the war in Ukraine.

Download or read book Advances in Managing Energy and Climate Risks written by Stéphane Goutte and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-04-21 with total page 150 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents research related to energy and environmental technologies in the context of market liberalization and global warming. It focuses on the development and efficient use of alternative energy sources, implementation of sustainable energy policies, power generation, and energy finance. Advances in Managing Energy and Climate Risks provides readers with the necessary information to use energy sources more efficiently, discover cleaner energy sources and their applications, and urge consumers and producers to make changes to reach a carbon-neutral economy through financial, technological, regulatory and tax incentives.

Download or read book Agricultural Resources and Environmental Indicators written by United States. Department of Agriculture. Economic Research Service and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 358 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book COVID 19 and global food security Two years later written by McDermott, John and published by Intl Food Policy Res Inst. This book was released on 2022-03-07 with total page 200 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Two years after the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, the health, economic, and social disruptions caused by this global crisis continue to evolve. The impacts of the pandemic are likely to endure for years to come, with poor, marginalized, and vulnerable groups the most affected. In COVID-19 & Global Food Security: Two Years Later, the editors bring together contributions from new IFPRI research, blogs, and the CGIAR COVID-19 Hub to examine the pandemic’s effects on poverty, food security, nutrition, and health around the world. This volume presents key lessons learned on food security and food system resilience in 2020 and 2021 and assesses the effectiveness of policy responses to the crisis. Looking forward, the authors consider how the pandemic experience can inform both recovery and longer-term efforts to build more resilient food systems.